{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:25:59Z","timestamp":1774466759093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007750","name":"National Cheng Kung University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-026-03587-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:46:26Z","timestamp":1770032786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How does blood sugar level affect wound infection rates and device revision and removal rates after hypoglossal nerve stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea patients? A large database study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6893-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Yuan","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. Scott","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Capasso","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomaz A. Fleury","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-019-0172-9","volume":"14","author":"MR Bonsignore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, Baiamonte P, Mazzuca E, Castrogiovanni A, Marrone O (2019) Obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities: a dangerous liaison. Multidiscip Respir Med 14:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40248-019-0172-9","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1282167","volume":"49","author":"CL Chiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiang CL, Chen YT, Wang KL et al (2017) Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with sleep apnea. Ann Med 49(5):377\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2017.1282167","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.883","volume":"171","author":"MA Bentan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bentan MA, Nord R (2024) Comprehensive analysis of adverse events associated with hypoglossal nerve stimulators: insights from the MAUDE database. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 171(5):1580\u20131590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.883","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3587_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omsc.2025.100398","volume":"11","author":"KY Hsiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hsiao KY, Guti\u00e9rrez P\u00e9rez ML, Dos Santos CP, Fleury Curado TA (2025) Managing Wound Complications in Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation: Prevention Strategies and Criteria for Avoiding Device Explantation. Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases 11(2):100398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omsc.2025.100398","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases"},{"issue":"15","key":"3587_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154282","volume":"13","author":"M Wollny","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wollny M, Heiser C, Sommer U, Sch\u00f6bel C, Braun M (2024) Adverse events with hypoglossal nerve stimulation in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-a systematic review of clinical trials and real-world data. J Clin Med 13(15):4282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13154282","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3587_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731460","volume":"35","author":"N Dasari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dasari N, Jiang A, Skochdopole A et al (2021) Updates in diabetic wound healing, inflammation, and scarring. Semin Plast Surg 35(3):153\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1731460","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"3587_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613241235538","author":"CG Freeman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Freeman CG, Durgham R, Ren E et al (2024) The Impact of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation on Secondary Health Outcomes. Ear Nose Throat J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613241235538","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3587_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1423OC","volume":"181","author":"RS Aronsohn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aronsohn RS, Whitmore H, Van Cauter E, Tasali E (2010) Impact of untreated obstructive sleep apnea on glucose control in type 2 diabetes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181(5):507\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200909-1423OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3587_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03197-9","volume":"29","author":"TA Fleury Curado","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleury Curado TA, Abdelwahab M, Huang A et al (2024) Demographic profile of surgical approaches to obstructive sleep apnea in the United States from 2004 to 2020: a descriptive study. Sleep Breath 29(1):60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03197-9","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"4","key":"3587_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221122696","volume":"168","author":"FJ Lorenz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lorenz FJ, Goyal N (2023) Iatrogenic pneumothorax during hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation: a large database analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 168(4):876\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01945998221122696","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3587_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894231209540","volume":"133","author":"NS Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali NS, Fitzpatrick Iv TH, Islam AS, Nord RS (2024) Mitigating Infection Risk in Upper Airway Stimulation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 133(3):277\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894231209540","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"3587_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111831","volume":"176","author":"D Chieffe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chieffe D, Liu RH, Hartnick C (2024) Challenges and adverse events in pediatric hypoglossal nerve stimulation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 176:111831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111831","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"14","key":"3587_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143929","volume":"11","author":"A Polewczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polewczyk A, Jache\u0107 W, Polewczyk M, Szcz\u0119\u015bniak-Sta\u0144czyk D, Kutarski A (2022) Early, delayed and late cardiac implantable electronic device infections: do the timing of onset and pathogens matter? J Clin Med 11(14):3929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11143929","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"47","key":"3587_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac576","volume":"43","author":"T Olsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olsen T, J\u00f8rgensen OD, Nielsen JC et al (2022) Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a nationwide Danish study. Eur Heart J 43(47):4946\u20134956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac576","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3587_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11176","volume":"20","author":"AE Moroco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moroco AE, Wei Z, Byrd I et al (2024) Device-related outcomes following hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation. J Clin Sleep Med 20(9):1497\u20131503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.11176","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"3587_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216556","volume":"11","author":"M Malag\u00f9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malag\u00f9 M, Donazzan L, Capanni A, Sirugo P, Rapezzi C, Bertini M (2022) Risk scores for cardiac implantable electronic device infection: which one to believe in? J Clin Med 11(21):6556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11216556","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3587_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001187","volume":"149","author":"LM Baddour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baddour LM, Esquer Garrigos Z, Rizwan Sohail M et al (2024) Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their prevention, diagnosis, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association: endorsed by the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases. Circulation 149(2):e201\u2013e216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001187","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"3587_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904[publishedcorrectionappearsinJAMASurg.2017Aug1;152(8):803.10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1943.]","volume":"152","author":"SI Berr\u00edos-Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berr\u00edos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW et al (2017) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. JAMA Surg 152(8):784\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904[publishedcorrectionappearsinJAMASurg.2017Aug1;152(8):803.10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1943.]","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3587_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0545","volume":"31","author":"DM Nathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R et al (2008) Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care 31(8):1473\u20131478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc08-0545","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3587_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0268-9","volume":"18","author":"YY Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang YY, Hu SF, Ying HM et al (2018) Postoperative tight glycemic control significantly reduces postoperative infection rates in patients undergoing surgery: a meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 18(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-018-0268-9","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"3587_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq497","volume":"32","author":"JB Johansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johansen JB, J\u00f8rgensen OD, M\u00f8ller M, Arnsbo P, Mortensen PT, Nielsen JC (2011) Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J 32(8):991\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq497","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03587-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03587-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03587-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:14:24Z","timestamp":1774462464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03587-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03587-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors have seen and approved this research.\n                      Ethical approval.\n                      This study utilizes deidentified patient records and was exempted by the University Hospitals of Case Western Reserve University Institutional Review Board review (STUDY20250257).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"29"}}