{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:09:14Z","timestamp":1779203354184,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-026-03649-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:34:04Z","timestamp":1774460044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Placebo and nocebo responses in gabapentin enacarbil and pregabalin trials for restless legs syndrome: time-course model-based network meta-analysis and meta-analysis of proportions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5102-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran H.","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Lacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essa","family":"Albisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Pedder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"BaHammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-025-01445-3","volume":"1","author":"D Anguizola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Anguizola D, Garcia Aragon A, Lopez Jimenez A, Sainz V, Garcia-Borreguero D (2025) Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 1:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-025-01445-3","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"3649_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11390","volume":"1","author":"JW Winkelman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Winkelman JW, Berkowski JA, DelRosso LM et al (2025) Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med 1:137\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.11390","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"3649_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1988","volume":"8","author":"RN Aurora","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR et al (2012) The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults\u2013an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep 8:1039\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.1988","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3649_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13449","volume":"12","author":"IH Iftikhar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iftikhar IH, Alghothani L, Trotti LM (2017) Gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin and rotigotine are equally effective in restless legs syndrome: a comparative meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 12:1446\u20131456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.13449","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3649_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou X, Du J, Liang Y et al (2021) The Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome: Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 751643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.751643","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.751643"},{"key":"3649_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000490354","volume":"4","author":"AWM Evers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Evers AWM, Colloca L, Blease C et al (2018) Implications of Placebo and Nocebo Effects for Clinical Practice: Expert Consensus. Psychother Psychosom 4:204\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000490354","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"3649_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W, Doherty M (2018) Efficacy paradox and proportional contextual effect (PCE). Clin Immunol 82\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2017.07.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.07.018"},{"key":"3649_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05454-8","volume":"1","author":"SH Hafliethadottir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hafliethadottir SH, Juhl CB, Nielsen SM, Henriksen M, Harris IA, Bliddal H, Christensen R (2021) Placebo response and effect in randomized clinical trials: meta-research with focus on contextual effects. Trials 1:493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-021-05454-8","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"3649_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"3649_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1351","volume":"2","author":"H Pedder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pedder H, Dias S, Bennetts M, Boucher M, Welton NJ (2019) Modelling time-course relationships with multiple treatments: Model-based network meta-analysis for continuous summary outcomes. Res Synth Methods 2:267\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1351","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"3649_CR11","unstructured":"Li T, HJ DJ Chap. 5: Collecting data [last updated October 2019]. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5. Cochrane (2024) Available from: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-05#section-5-8"},{"key":"3649_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875","volume":"20","author":"G Lu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lu G, Ades AE (2004) Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons. Stat Med 20:3105\u20133124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1875","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"3649_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","volume":"4","author":"SP Brooks","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brooks SP, Gelman A (1998) General Methods for Monitoring Convergence of Iterative Simulations. J Comput Graphical Stat 4:434\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","journal-title":"J Comput Graphical Stat"},{"key":"3649_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.35566\/jbds\/v3n2\/wang","volume":"2","author":"N Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang N (2023) Conducting Meta-analyses of Proportions in R. J Behav Data Sci 2:64\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35566\/jbds\/v3n2\/wang","journal-title":"J Behav Data Sci"},{"key":"3649_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"7414","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 7414:557\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3649_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wolfgang V (August 2010) Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package. J Stat Softw 36(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03"},{"key":"3649_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180e6","DOI":"10.15082\/jsnt.37.2_180","volume":"37","author":"K Hirata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirata K, Inoue Y, Takeuchi M, ea (2020) Gabapentin enacarbil post-marketing clinical study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup study in Japanese patients with restless legs syndrome and post-hoc efficacy evaluation using integrated analysis with a Japanese phase II\/III study. Neurol Ther 37:180e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15082\/jsnt.37.2_180. [in Japanese]","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"3649_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.03.003","volume":"6","author":"R Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen R, Chen C, Soaita A et al (2010) A randomized, double-blind, 6-week, dose-ranging study of pregabalin in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 6:512\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.03.003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3649_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1303646","volume":"7","author":"RP Allen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allen RP, Chen C, Garcia-Borreguero D et al (2014) Comparison of pregabalin with pramipexole for restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med 7:621\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1303646","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3649_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0700","volume":"6","author":"RK Bogan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bogan RK, Bornemann MA, Kushida CA, Tran PV, Barrett RW, Group XPS (2010) Long-term maintenance treatment of restless legs syndrome with gabapentin enacarbil: a randomized controlled study. Mayo Clin Proc 6:512\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2009.0700","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"3649_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia-Borreguero D, Cano-Pumarega I, Garcia Malo C, Cruz Velarde JA, Granizo JJ, Wanner V (2019) Reduced response to gabapentin enacarbil in restless legs syndrome following long-term dopaminergic treatment. Sleep Med 74\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.11.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.11.025"},{"key":"3649_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e1ce73","volume":"23","author":"D Garcia-Borreguero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garcia-Borreguero D, Larrosa O, Williams AM, Albares J, Pascual M, Palacios JC, Fernandez C (2010) Treatment of restless legs syndrome with pregabalin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 23:1897\u20131904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e1ce73","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3649_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3558","volume":"4","author":"D Garcia-Borreguero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garcia-Borreguero D, Patrick J, DuBrava S et al (2014) Pregabalin versus pramipexole: effects on sleep disturbance in restless legs syndrome. Sleep 4:635\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.3558","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3649_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.746217","volume":"1","author":"Y Inoue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inoue Y, Hirata K, Uchimura N, Kuroda K, Hattori N, Takeuchi M (2013) Gabapentin enacarbil in Japanese patients with restless legs syndrome: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Curr Med Res Opin 1:13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1185\/03007995.2012.746217","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"3649_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341770.91926.cc","volume":"5","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kushida CA, Becker PM, Ellenbogen AL, Canafax DM, Barrett RW, Group XPS (2009) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of XP13512\/GSK1838262 in patients with RLS. Neurology 5:439\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341770.91926.cc","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3649_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.2.159","volume":"2","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kushida CA, Walters AS, Becker P et al (2009) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of XP13512\/GSK1838262 in the treatment of patients with primary restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2:159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/32.2.159","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3649_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e318259eac8","volume":"4","author":"R Lal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lal R, Ellenbogen A, Chen D et al (2012) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study to assess the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of gabapentin enacarbil in subjects with restless legs syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 4:165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNF.0b013e318259eac8","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"3649_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5664\/JCSM.1074","volume":"3","author":"DO Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee DO, Ziman RB, Perkins AT, Poceta JS, Walters AS, Barrett RW, Group XPS (2011) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of gabapentin enacarbil in subjects with restless legs syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 3:282\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/JCSM.1074","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"3649_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181b3ab16","volume":"6","author":"AS Walters","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walters AS, Ondo WG, Kushida CA et al (2009) Gabapentin enacarbil in restless legs syndrome: a phase 2b, 2-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 6:311\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181b3ab16","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"3649_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23771","volume":"11","author":"JW Winkelman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Winkelman JW, Bogan RK, Schmidt MH, Hudson JD, DeRossett SE, Hill-Zabala CE (2011) Randomized polysomnography study of gabapentin enacarbil in subjects with restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 11:2065\u20132072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.23771","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3649_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2025.0092","volume":"4","author":"JS Sunwoo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sunwoo JS, Cho YW, Shin WC, Byun JI, Shin JW, Jung KY (2025) Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin for Restless Legs Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Neurol 4:325\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2025.0092","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"3649_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105485","volume":"5","author":"KC Richards","year":"2025","unstructured":"Richards KC, Fry LM, Lozano AJ et al (2025) Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome Improves Agitation and Sleep in Persons with Dementia: A Randomized Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 5:105485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105485","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"3649_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.08.001","volume":"11","author":"RP Allen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allen RP (2013) Minimal clinically significant change for the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale in clinical trials is a score of 3. Sleep Med 11:1229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.08.001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3649_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00484.1999","volume":"1","author":"M Amanzio","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amanzio M, Benedetti F (1999) Neuropharmacological dissection of placebo analgesia: expectation-activated opioid systems versus conditioning-activated specific subsystems. J Neurosci 1:484\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00484.1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3649_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.2.324","volume":"2","author":"S Stewart-Williams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stewart-Williams S, Podd J (2004) The placebo effect: dissolving the expectancy versus conditioning debate. Psychol Bull 2:324\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.130.2.324","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"3649_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90080-8","volume":"1","author":"NJ Voudouris","year":"1989","unstructured":"Voudouris NJ, Peck CL, Coleman G (1989) Conditioned response models of placebo phenomena: further support. Pain 1:109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90080-8","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"3649_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3923","volume":"3","author":"P Enck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Enck P, Bingel U, Schedlowski M, Rief W (2013) The placebo response in medicine: minimize, maximize or personalize? Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:191\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3923","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"3649_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1431","volume":"7","author":"H Fields","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fields H (2004) State-dependent opioid control of pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:565\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1431","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3649_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(02)00009-6","volume":"6","author":"MJ Millan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Millan MJ (2002) Descending control of pain. Prog Neurobiol 6:355\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301-0082(02)00009-6","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"3649_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2435","volume":"10","author":"F Benedetti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benedetti F, Amanzio M, Rosato R, Blanchard C (2011) Nonopioid placebo analgesia is mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med 10:1228\u20131230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2435","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3649_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.07.014","volume":"4","author":"F Eippert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eippert F, Bingel U, Schoell ED, Yacubian J, Klinger R, Lorenz J, Buchel C (2009) Activation of the opioidergic descending pain control system underlies placebo analgesia. Neuron 4:533\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.07.014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3649_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060937","volume":"5532","author":"R de la Fuente-Fernandez","year":"2001","unstructured":"de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Ruth TJ, Sossi V, Schulzer M, Calne DB, Stoessl AJ (2001) Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Science 5532:1164\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1060937","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3649_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.88","volume":"8","author":"SC Lidstone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lidstone SC, Schulzer M, Dinelle K et al (2010) Effects of expectation on placebo-induced dopamine release in Parkinson disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 8:857\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.88","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3649_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1854","volume":"1471","author":"RA Wise","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wise RA (2006) Role of brain dopamine in food reward and reinforcement. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1471:1149\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2006.1854","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"3649_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.008","volume":"11","author":"A Hrobjartsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hrobjartsson A, Kaptchuk TJ, Miller FG (2011) Placebo effect studies are susceptible to response bias and to other types of biases. J Clin Epidemiol 11:1223\u20131229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03649-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03649-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03649-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:24:57Z","timestamp":1779200697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03649-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03649-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the affiliated institutions, or of the U.S Department of Veterans Affairs.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}},{"value":"No Conflicts of Interest. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"108"}}