{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T13:03:16Z","timestamp":1781701396561,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-026-03720-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:43:35Z","timestamp":1780411415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["STOP-BANG\u2013Defined high OSA risk is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in obese adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5147-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayhan","family":"Cosgun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huseyin","family":"Oren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0360","volume":"137","author":"A Romero-Corral","year":"2010","unstructured":"Romero-Corral A, Caples SM, Lopez-Jimenez F, Somers VK (2010) Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for treatment. Chest 137(3):711\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.09-0360","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"3720_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.092","volume":"62","author":"WJ Paulus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paulus WJ, Tsch\u00f6pe C (2013) A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(4):263\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.092","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3720_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.83","volume":"11","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borlaug BA (2014) The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol 11(9):507\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.83","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3720_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jase.2016.01.011","volume":"29","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP et al (2016) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 29(4):277\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jase.2016.01.011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"3720_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00679-9","volume":"19","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iacobellis G (2022) Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol 19(9):593\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-022-00679-9","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3720_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.03.019","volume":"153","author":"HS Sacks","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sacks HS, Fain JN (2007) Human epicardial adipose tissue: A review. Am Heart J 153(6):907\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.03.019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"3720_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.09.089","volume":"278","author":"S Carbone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carbone S, Canada JM, Billingsley HE et al (2019) Epicardial adipose tissue, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 278:254\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.09.089","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"3720_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087481.62209.8F","volume":"108","author":"T Mazurek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A et al (2003) Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation 108(20):2460\u20132466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087481.62209.8F","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"3720_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.12.015","volume":"61","author":"M Cetin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cetin M, Kocaman SA, Durakoglugil ME et al (2013) Effect of epicardial adipose tissue thickness on diastolic function and left atrial enlargement. J Cardiol 61(5):359\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.12.015","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3720_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.12.159","volume":"11","author":"T Bhat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhat T, Teli S, Rijal J et al (2013) Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: a review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 11(1):55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/erc.12.159","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"3720_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933913","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.933913","volume":"9","author":"Z Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye Z, Hu T, Wang J et al (2022) Systemic immune-inflammation index as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:933913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.933913","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"3720_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.17.2230","volume":"289","author":"PV Tishler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tishler PV, Larkin EK, Schluchter MD, Redline S (2003) Incidence of sleep-disordered breathing in an urban adult population: the relative importance of risk factors in the development of sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA 289(17):2230\u20132237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.17.2230","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"3720_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","volume":"3","author":"R Heinzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heinzer R, Vat S, Marques-Vidal P et al (2015) Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study. Lancet Respir Med 3(4):310\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"3720_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","volume":"342","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J (2000) Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 342(19):1378\u20131384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"3720_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829","volume":"283","author":"FJ Nieto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK (2000) Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. JAMA 283(14):1829\u20131836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"3720_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000988","volume":"144","author":"Y Yeghiazarians","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR et al (2021) Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 144(3):e56\u2013e67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"3720_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189420","volume":"118","author":"VK Somers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Somers VK, White DP, Amin R et al (2008) Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: An American Heart Association scientific statement. Circulation 118(10):1080\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189420","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9657","key":"3720_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61622-0","volume":"373","author":"TD Bradley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bradley TD, Floras JS (2009) Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 373(9657):82\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61622-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"3720_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0903","volume":"149","author":"F Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung F, Abdullah HR, Liao P (2016) STOP-Bang questionnaire: a practical approach to screen for obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 149(3):631\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.15-0903","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"3720_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","volume":"93","author":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1996) Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 93(5):1043\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3720_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13708","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13708","volume":"32","author":"M Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhao J, Li S et al (2023) Heart rate variability in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 32(1):e13708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13708","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"3720_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","volume":"353","author":"HK Yaggi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, Lichtman JH, Brass LM, Mohsenin V (2005) Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 353(19):2034\u20132041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9464","key":"3720_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7","volume":"365","author":"JM Marin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AG (2005) Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnea\u2013hypopnea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. Lancet 365(9464):1046\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"3720_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4","volume":"108","author":"F Chung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, Chung SA, Vairavanathan S, Islam S et al (2008) STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology 108(5):812\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"3720_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143697","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143697","volume":"10","author":"M Nagappa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagappa M, Liao P, Wong J, Auckley D, Ramachandran SK, Memtsoudis S et al (2015) Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea among different populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 10(12):e0143697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0143697","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"24","key":"3720_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306766","volume":"370","author":"DJ Gottlieb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gottlieb DJ, Craig SE, Lorenzi-Filho G et al (2014) CPAP versus oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 370(24):2276\u20132285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1306766","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3720_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.001","volume":"189","author":"EF Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis EF, Hollenberg NK, Williams GH et al (2017) Effect of continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen on health status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: The HeartBEAT study. Am Heart J 189:63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"3720_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029400","volume":"136","author":"LF Drager","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drager LF, McEvoy RD, Barbe F, Lorenzi-Filho G, Redline S (2017) Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: Lessons from recent trials and need for team science. Circulation 136(19):1840\u20131850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029400","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3720_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0093","volume":"7","author":"AD Calvin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Calvin AD, Albuquerque FN, Lopez-Jimenez F, Somers VK (2009) Obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 7(4):271\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2008.0093","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3720_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901801.","volume":"122","author":"DJ Gottlieb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gottlieb DJ, Yenokyan G, Newman AB et al (2010) Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Circulation 122(4):352\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901801.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3720_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.05.013","volume":"60","author":"OD Lyons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lyons OD, Bradley TD (2012) Heart failure and sleep apnea. J Cardiol 60(2):78\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2012.05.013","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3720_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4654","volume":"38","author":"KM Hla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hla KM, Young T, Hagen EW et al (2015) Coronary heart disease incidence in sleep disordered breathing: The Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep 38(5):677\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.4654","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3720_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000848","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000848","volume":"8","author":"M Hwang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang M, Zhang K, Nagappa M, Saripella A, Englesakis M, Chung F (2021) Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res 8(1):e000848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000848","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3720_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.7326\/L15-5093-2","volume":"162","author":"GS Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KGM (2015) Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD). Ann Intern Med 162(10):735\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/L15-5093-2","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03720-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03720-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03720-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:26:25Z","timestamp":1781699185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03720-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03720-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (Approval Number: TABED-2\u201325-1886) (TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Sehir Hastanesi \u00c7ANKAYA, ANKARA, Turkey) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors would like to acknowledge the use of artificial intelligence\u2013based language assistance for English language editing and stylistic refinement of the manuscript. The tool was used solely to improve clarity, grammar, and academic expression, and did not influence the study design, data collection, data analysis, or interpretation of results. All scientific content, data integrity, and final editorial decisions remain the full responsibility of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"AI assistance statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"174"}}