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Participant and scientist sample preference, and participant pain were recorded. The transcutaneous offset from the corresponding arterial\/capillary sample, and the transcutaneous electrode drift over the night were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-five people consented and 44 had complete paired timepoint data. Both the capillary and arterial carbon dioxide values were higher than the transcutaneous (capillary evening mean -0.9 \u00b1 standard deviation 2.8, capillary morning -2.5 \u00b1 3.9, arterial evening -3.7 \u00b1 2.7, arterial morning -5.6 \u00b1 3.8 mmHg). Capillary and arterial measures were comparable for assessing transcutaneous carbon dioxide drift (mean difference -0.3 mmHg (95% confidence interval -1.3, 0.7). The failure rate for both techniques was equivalent. Patients and scientists both preferred the capillary method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Capillary blood gas sampling of carbon dioxide levels from the earlobe is feasible. Capillary sampling provides a comparable measure of transcutaneous carbon dioxide drift, but not absolute offset, during polysomnography to that observed with radial arterial sampling. Importantly, patients prefer the capillary technique as it is less painful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-026-03739-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:35:09Z","timestamp":1783510509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Capillary versus arterial blood gases. Accuracy, acceptability, and suitability for use during sleep studies to calibrate transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1847-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Sheers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8804-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Rautela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-4273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven James","family":"Lindstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2653-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisha","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1484-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5148-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny","family":"Brazzale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5668-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa San","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7668-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Rochford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine F.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2543-8722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Berlowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7772-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark E.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3739_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211466","volume":"74","author":"A Conway","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conway A, Tipton E, Liu WH, Conway Z, Soalheira K, Sutherland J, Fingleton J (2019) Accuracy and precision of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee (Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"211"}}