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Frequency and timing of nocturnal arousals and respiratory events also display age, sex, and comorbidity-based differences. Hence, it is plausible that resaturation parameters may present an alternative avenue for the assessment of nocturnal arousals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First visit data from the Sleep Heart Health Study was utilised to derive SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      parameters from 5804 participants. Participants missing SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      parameters, or with no desaturation events were excluded from final analysis. Manually scored arousals were linked to automatically scored SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      events and defined temporally as pre-event (arousal terminated\u2009\u2264\u200910\u00a0s prior to desaturation onset) or within-event (arousal began within the desaturation event or \u2264\u20095\u00a0s after desaturation offset).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      5,484 participants (49% female, median age 63 years) were included with 235,996 saturation events. 1.2% of events had pre-event arousals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092,850), while 47.6% had within-event arousals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009112,271). Pre-event arousals were associated with faster desaturation rates (standardized effect: 0.54\u20130.58) and shorter desaturation durations (by 25\u201336%). Within-event arousals were associated with lower nadirs, longer desaturation durations, and larger desaturation areas (standardized effects: 0.24\u20130.51). Both arousal types increased resaturation rates, but through different mechanisms: pre-event arousals shortened resaturation durations while within-event arousals increased resaturation height. These effects were amplified with respiratory events, with the strongest associations observed during apnoeas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Arousals significantly influence SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      event architecture, with differential changes seen between desaturation and resaturation parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-026-03797-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:37:20Z","timestamp":1789119440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential associations of arousals and respiratory events on oxygen desaturation and resaturation parameters in sleep"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Howarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Karhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmi Ben","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bahammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieli","family":"Luukinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purbanka","family":"Pahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serajeddin","family":"Ebrahimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pahari P, Korkalainen H, Karhu T, Rissanen M, Arnardottir ES, Hrubos-Str\u00f8m H et al Obstructive sleep apnea-related intermittent hypoxaemia is associated with impaired vigilance. 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