{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:40:27Z","timestamp":1792456827196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Breath"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-026-03824-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:19:55Z","timestamp":1790943595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between weather variables and sleep architecture: A large-scale analysis using consumer sleep data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4962-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minji","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9384-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuntak","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1819-0796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seunghun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0736-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunyoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0289-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9207-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungeun","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Kyung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5528-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4660-6174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongheon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3995-8238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Young","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2022.04.008","volume":"5","author":"K Minor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minor K, Bjerre-Nielsen A, Jonasdottir SS, Lehmann S, Obradovich N (2022) Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally. One Earth 5(5):534\u2013549","journal-title":"One Earth"},{"key":"3824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.07.007","volume":"42","author":"DI Rifkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rifkin DI, Long MW, Perry MJ (2018) Climate change and sleep: a systematic review of the literature and conceptual framework. Sleep Med Rev 42:3\u20139","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2017.1376206","volume":"17","author":"M Quante","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quante M, Wang R, Weng J, Kaplan ER, Rueschman M, Taveras EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW, Redline S (2019) Seasonal and weather variation of sleep and physical activity in 12-14-year-old children. Behav Sleep Med 17(4):398\u2013410","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3824_CR4","first-page":"855","volume":"49","author":"I Karacan","year":"1978","unstructured":"Karacan I, Thornby JI, Anch AM, Williams RL, Perkins HM (1978) Effects of high ambient temperature on sleep in young men. Aviat Space Environ Med 49(7):855\u2013860","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.09.009","volume":"83","author":"K Okamoto-Mizuno","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okamoto-Mizuno K, Tsuzuki K, Mizuno K, Iwaki T (2005) Effects of partial humid heat exposure during different segments of sleep on human sleep stages and body temperature. Physiol Behav 83(5):759\u2013765","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"3824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101915","volume":"75","author":"G Chevance","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chevance G, Minor K, Vielma C, Campi E, O\u2019Callaghan-Gordo C, Basaga\u00f1a X, Ballester J, Bernard P (2024) A systematic review of ambient heat and sleep in a warming climate. Sleep Med Rev 75:101915","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601555","volume":"3","author":"N Obradovich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Obradovich N, Migliorini R, Mednick SC, Fowler JH (2017) Nighttime temperature and human sleep loss in a changing climate. Sci Adv 3(5):e1601555","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"3824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1589","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00492.2004","volume":"288","author":"RJ Raymann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raymann RJ, Swaab DF, Van Someren EJ (2005) Cutaneous warming promotes sleep onset. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288(6):R1589-1597","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"3824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm315","volume":"131","author":"RJ Raymann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raymann RJ, Swaab DF, Van Someren EJ (2008) Skin deep: enhanced sleep depth by cutaneous temperature manipulation. Brain 131(Pt 2):500\u2013513","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02059.x","volume":"30","author":"JRRC Jennings","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jennings JRRC, Bryant DS, Berman SR, Buysse DJ, Dahl RE, Hoch CC, Monk TH (1993) Peripheral thermal responsivity to facial cooling during sleep. Psychophysiology 30:374\u2013382","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"3824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.4.948","volume":"51","author":"EHPJ Haskell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Haskell EHPJ, Walker JM, Berger RJ, Heller HC (1981) Metabolism and thermoregulation during stages of sleep in humans exposed to heat and cold. J Appl Physiol 51:948\u2013954","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1880-6805-31-14","volume":"31","author":"K Okamoto-Mizuno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okamoto-Mizuno K, Mizuno K (2012) Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm. J Physiol Anthropol 31:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-019-00215-x","volume":"23","author":"C Blume","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blume C, Garbazza C, Spitschan M (2019) Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood. Somnologie (Berl) 23(3):147\u2013156","journal-title":"Somnologie (Berl)"},{"key":"3824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott H, Lechat B, Sansom K, Pinilla L, Manners J, Phillips AJK, Nguyen DP, Bailly S, Pepin JL, Escourrou P et al (2025) Variations in sleep duration and timing: Weekday and seasonal variations in sleep are common in an analysis of 73 million nights from an objective sleep tracker. Sleep","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf099"},{"key":"3824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1105233","volume":"17","author":"A Seidler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seidler A, Weihrich KS, Bes F, de Zeeuw J, Kunz D (2023) Seasonality of human sleep: polysomnographic data of a neuropsychiatric sleep clinic. Front Neurosci 17:1105233","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00435-2","volume":"4","author":"SM Mattingly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mattingly SM, Grover T, Martinez GJ, Aledavood T, Robles-Granda P, Nies K, Striegel A, Mark G (2021) The effects of seasons and weather on sleep patterns measured through longitudinal multimodal sensing. NPJ Digit Med 4(1):76","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.4.948","volume":"51","author":"E Haskell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Haskell E, Palca J, Walker J, Berger R, Heller H (1981) Metabolism and thermoregulation during stages of sleep in humans exposed to heat and cold. J Appl Physiol 51(4):948\u2013954","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02255-2014","volume":"46","author":"G Weinreich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weinreich G, Wessendorf TE, Pundt N, Weinmayr G, Hennig F, Moebus S, M\u00f6hlenkamp S, Erbel R, J\u00f6ckel K-H, Teschler H (2015) Association of short-term ozone and temperature with sleep disordered breathing. Eur Respir J 46(5):1361\u20131369","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3824_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60218-1","volume":"16","author":"B Lechat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lechat B, Manners J, Pinilla L, Reynolds AC, Scott H, Vena D, Bailly S, Fitton J, Toson B, Kaambwa B et al (2025) Global warming may increase the burden of obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Commun 16(1):5100","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"33","key":"3824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50755","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-18922-8","volume":"29","author":"WT Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu WT, Wang YH, Chang LT, Wu CD, Wu D, Tsai CY, Lo CC, Lo K, Chung KF, Chang TY et al (2022) The impacts of ambient relative humidity and temperature on supine position-related obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 29(33):50755\u201350764","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3824_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1736","volume":"35","author":"F Valham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valham F, Sahlin C, Stenlund H, Franklin KA (2012) Ambient temperature and obstructive sleep apnea: effects on sleep, sleep apnea, and morning alertness. Sleep 35(4):513\u2013517","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"3824_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0493","volume":"142","author":"CM Cassol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassol CM, Martinez D, da Silva FABS, Fischer MK, Lenz MdCS, B\u00f3s \u00c2JG (2012) Is sleep apnea a winter disease?: meteorologic and sleep laboratory evidence collected over 1 decade. Chest 142(6):1499\u20131507","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3824_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00095","volume":"3","author":"JP Saboisky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saboisky JP, Butler JE, Gandevia SC, Eckert DJ (2012) Functional role of neural injury in obstructive sleep apnea. Front Neurol 3:95","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3824_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46216","volume":"25","author":"HH Tran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tran HH, Hong JK, Jang H, Jung J, Kim J, Hong J, Lee M, Kim J-W, Kushida CA, Lee D (2023) Prediction of sleep stages via deep learning using smartphone audio recordings in home environments: model development and validation. J Med Internet Res 25:e46216","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"3824_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/44818","volume":"25","author":"VL Le","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le VL, Kim D, Cho E, Jang H, Reyes RD, Kim H, Lee D, Yoon I-Y, Hong J, Kim J-W (2023) Real-time detection of sleep apnea based on breathing sounds and prediction reinforcement using home noises: algorithm development and validation. J Med Internet Res 25:e44818","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3824_CR26","first-page":"93","volume":"16","author":"J Barrett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barrett J, Lack L, Morris M (1993) The sleep-evoked decrease of body temperature. Sleep 16(2):93\u201399","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3824_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57781-y","volume":"16","author":"A Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li A, Luo H, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Liu B, Kan H, Jia H, Wu Z, Guo Y, Chen R (2025) Climate warming may undermine sleep duration and quality in repeated-measure study of 23 million records. Nat Commun 16(1):2609","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3824_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.11.008","volume":"15","author":"EC Harding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harding EC, Franks NP, Wisden W (2020) Sleep and thermoregulation. Curr Opin Physiol 15:7\u201313","journal-title":"Curr Opin Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3824_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1276","volume":"73","author":"TA Wehr","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wehr TA (1991) The durations of human melatonin secretion and sleep respond to changes in daylength (photoperiod). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73(6):1276\u20131280","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3824_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01016-0","volume":"5","author":"B Lechat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lechat B, Nguyen DP, Sansom K, Pinilla L, Scott H, Reynolds AC, Vakulin A, Manners J, Adams RJ, Pepin J-L et al (2025) Obstructive sleep apnea severity varies by season and environmental influences such as ambient temperature. Commun Med 5(1):314","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3824_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.29252\/nirp.bcn.9.2.147","volume":"9","author":"K Shahveisi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shahveisi K, Jalali A, Moloudi MR, Moradi S, Maroufi A, Khazaie H (2018) Sleep architecture in patients with primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Basic Clin Neurosci 9(2):147\u2013156","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3824_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad325","author":"M de Zambotti","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Zambotti M, Goldstein C, Cook J, Menghini L, Altini M, Cheng P, Robillard R (2024) State of the science and recommendations for using wearable technology in sleep and circadian research. Sleep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad325","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3824_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106506","volume":"131","author":"MW Chee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chee MW, Baumert M, Scott H, Cellini N, Goldstein C, Baron K, Imtiaz SA, Penzel T, Kushida CA (2025) World Sleep Society recommendations for the use of wearable consumer health trackers that monitor sleep. Sleep Med 131:106506","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3824_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11460","volume":"21","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Lee JY, Cho JH, Kang YJ, Choi JH (2025) Performance of consumer wrist-worn sleep tracking devices compared to polysomnography: a meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 21(3):573\u2013582","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["Sleep and Breathing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03824-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03824-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03824-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:03:08Z","timestamp":1792454588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03824-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-026-03824-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9512","1522-1709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9512","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital (IRB No. 2025\u201309-001) and conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest, or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"278"}}