{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T17:23:26Z","timestamp":1762017806708},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4226-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T05:46:31Z","timestamp":1424411191000},"page":"10235-10241","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Legionella detection and subgrouping in water air-conditioning cooling tower systems in Kuwait"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Qadreyah","family":"Al-Matawah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Al-Zenki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al-Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahani","family":"Al-Waalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fadila","family":"Al-Salameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Ben","family":"Hejji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2012.45.1.1","volume":"45","author":"F Allerberger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allerberger F (2012) Molecular typing in public health laboratories from an academic indulgence to an infection control imperative. J Prev Med Public Health 45:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"4226_CR2","unstructured":"Al-Matawah Q, Al-Zenki S, Al-Azemi A, Ben Haji A, Al-Mutairi T (2008) Detection and monitoring of Legionella spp. in Kuwait waters. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Report No. KISR9424, Kuwait"},{"key":"4226_CR3","volume":"5","author":"QA Al-Matawah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Matawah QA, Al-Zenki SF, Qasem JA, Al-Waalan TE, Ben Haji AH (2012) Detection and quantification of Legionella pneumophila from water systems in Kuwait residential facilities. J Pathogens 5, 138389. doi: 10.1155\/2012\/138389","journal-title":"J Pathogens"},{"key":"4226_CR4","first-page":"59","volume":"38","author":"N Al-Terkait","year":"2006","unstructured":"Al-Terkait N, Sadak A (2006) A travel abroad-associated case of Legionella pneumonia. Kuwait Med J 38:59\u201360","journal-title":"Kuwait Med J"},{"key":"4226_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03699.x","volume":"49","author":"J Amemura-Maekawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Amemura-Maekawa J, Kura F, Chang B, Watanabe H (2005) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from cooling towers in Japan form a distinct genetic cluster. Microbiol Immunol 49:1027\u20131033","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"4226_CR6","unstructured":"AS\/NZS 3896 (1998) Waters-examination for Legionellae. Standards Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"key":"4226_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1159\/000085741","volume":"14","author":"N Behbehani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Behbehani N, Mahmood A, Mokaddas EM, Bittar Z, Jayakrishnan B, Khadadah M, Pacsa AS, Dhar R, Chugh TD (2005) Significance of atypical pathogens among community-acquired pneumonia adult patients admitted to hospital in Kuwait. Med Prin Pract 14:235\u2013240","journal-title":"Med Prin Pract"},{"key":"4226_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s002840010133","volume":"41","author":"RH Bentham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bentham RH (2000) Routine sampling and the control of Legionella spp. in cooling tower water systems. Curr Microbiol 41:271\u2013275","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2009.09.003","volume":"2","author":"C Bonura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonura C, Mammina C, Vella A, Belfiore S, Chiarinin A, Giammanco A (2009) A combined molecular typing approach does not discriminate Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains of a predominant sequence based type in Palermo, Italy. J Infect Public Health 2:184\u2013188","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"4226_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.7229808","volume":"18","author":"C Cazalet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cazalet C, Jarraud S, Ghavi-Helm Y, Kunst F, Glaser P, Etienne J, Buchrieser C (2008) Multi genome analysis identifies a worldwide distributed epidemic Legionella pneumophila clone that emerged within a highly diverse species. Genome Res 18:431\u2013441","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"4226_CR11","unstructured":"Conseil sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne publique de France (2005) Le risque li\u00e9 aux l\u00e9gionelles. Guide d\u2019investigation et d\u2019aide \u00e0 la gestion. Rapport du Conseil Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique de France Juillet 2005. Rapport du Conseil Sup\u00e9 rieur d\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique de France. http:\/\/www.sante.gouv.fr\/htm\/pointsur\/legionellose\/guid2005.pdf . Accessed Oct 2010"},{"key":"4226_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.458-460.2004","volume":"42","author":"A Doleans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doleans A, Aurell H, Reyrolle M, Lina G, Freney J, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Jaraud S (2004) Clinical and environmental distributions of Legionella strains in France are different. J Clin Microbiol 42:458\u2013460","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.050345","volume":"11","author":"B Faris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faris B, Faris C, Schousboe M, Heath CH (2005) Legionellosis from Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 13. Emerg Infect Dis 11:1405\u20131409","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4226_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2932-2939.2003","volume":"41","author":"V Gaia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gaia V, Fry NK, Harrison TG, Peduzzi R (2003) Sequence-based typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 offers the potential for true portability in legionellosis outbreak investigation. J Clin Microbiol 41:2932\u20132939","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2047-2052.2005","volume":"43","author":"V Gaia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gaia V, Fry NK, Afshar B, L\u00fc ck PC, Meugnier H, Etienne J, Peduzzi R, Harrison TG (2005) Consensus sequence-based scheme for epidemiological typing of clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol 43:2047\u20132052","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360040075028","volume":"254","author":"LP Garbe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Garbe LP, Davis JB, Weisfeld JS, Markowitz L, Miner P, Garrity F, Barbaree JM, Reingold AL (1985) Nosocomial legionnaires\u2019 disease: epidemiologic demonstration of cooling towers as a source. JAMA 254:521\u2013524","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4226_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.120216","volume":"18","author":"A Grottola","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grottola A, Forghieri F, Meacci M, Fabio A, Pozzi L, Marchegiano P (2012) Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 11, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 18:1911\u20131913","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4226_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01558.x","volume":"13","author":"TG Harrison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrison TG, Doshi N, Fry NK, Joseph CA (2007) Comparison of clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila obtained in the UK over 19 years. Clin Microbiol Infec 13:78\u201385","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infec"},{"key":"4226_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0705-9","volume":"28","author":"TG Harrison","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harrison TG, Afshar B, Doshi N, Fry NK, Lee JV (2009) Distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups, monoclonal antibody subgroups and DNA sequence types in recent clinical and environmental isolates from England and Wales (2000\u20132008). Eur J Clin Microbiol 28:781\u2013791","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.11.2841-2845.1997","volume":"35","author":"JH Helbig","year":"1997","unstructured":"Helbig JH, Kurtz JB, Pastoris MC, Pelaz C, Luck PC (1997) Antigenic lipopolysaccharide components of Legionella pneumophila recognized by monoclonal antibodies: possibilities and limitations for division of the species into serogroups. J Clin Microbiol 35:2841\u20132845","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0820-3","volume":"21","author":"J Helbig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Helbig J, Bernander S, CastellaniPastoris M, Etienne J, Gaia V et al (2002) Pan-European study on culture-proven Legionnaires\u2019 disease: distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups and monoclonal subgroups. Eur J Clin Microbiol 21:710\u2013716","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02410-08","volume":"47","author":"NA Kozak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kozak NA, Benson RF, Brown E, Alexander NT Jr, Taylor TH, Shelton BG, Fields BS (2009) Distribution of lag-1 alleles and sequence-based types among Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 clinical and environmental isolates in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 47:2525\u20132535","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00422-10","volume":"76","author":"LH Kyung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kyung LH, Shim JI, Kim HE, Yu JY, Kang YH (2010) Distribution of Legionella species from environmental water sources of public facilities and genetic diversity of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 in South Korea. Appl Environ Microb 76:6547\u20136554","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"4226_CR24","volume-title":"Annual statistical abstract","author":"MOP","year":"2009","unstructured":"MOP (2009) Annual statistical abstract. Central Statistical Bureau, Ministry of Planning, Kuwait"},{"key":"4226_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000109590","volume":"17","author":"JA Qasem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qasem JA, Mustafa AS, Khan ZU (2008) Legionella in clinical specimens and hospital water supply facilities: molecular detection and genotyping of the isolates. Med Prin Pract 17:49\u201355","journal-title":"Med Prin Pract"},{"key":"4226_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2012.12.002","volume":"6","author":"JA Qasem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qasem JA, Al-Khalaf BN, Qasem AA, Ghulam AH, Bidass G (2013) Application of three uniplex polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of atypical bacteria in asthmatic patients in Kuwait. J Infect Public Health 6:134\u2013141","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"4226_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00261-07","volume":"45","author":"S Ratzow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ratzow S, Gaia V, Helbig JH, Fry NK, Luck PC (2007) Addition of neuA, the gene encoding Nacylneuraminate cytidylyl transferase, increases the discriminatory ability of the consensus sequence-based scheme for typing Legionella pneumophila serogroup1 strains. J Clin Microbiol 45:1965\u20131968","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0840-3","volume":"29","author":"AR Reimer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reimer AR, Au S, Schindle S, Bernard KA (2010) Legionella pneumophila monoclonal antibody subgroups and DNA sequence types isolated in Canada between 1981 and 2009: laboratory component of national surveillance. Eur J Clin Microbiol 29:191\u2013205","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.07.022","volume":"67","author":"JM Rivera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rivera JM, Aguilar L, Granizo JJ, Vos-Arenilla A, Gimenez MJ, Aguiar JM, Prieto J (2007) Isolation of Legionella species\/serogroups from water cooling systems compared with potable water systems in Spanish healthcare facilities. J Hosp Infect 67:360\u2013366","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"4226_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.081689","volume":"16","author":"N Tijet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tijet N, Tang P, Romilowych M, Duncan C, Ng V, Fisman DN, Jamieson F, Low DE, Guyard C (2010) New endemic Legionella pneumophilaserogroup I clones, Ontario, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 16:447\u2013454","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4226_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.58.4.1394-1397.1992","volume":"58","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Sugiura M, Kusunoki S, Ezaki T, Ikedo M, Yabuuchi E (1992) Factors stimulating propagation of Legionellae in cooling tower water. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1394\u20131397","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4226_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1086\/341087","volume":"186","author":"VL Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu VL, Plouffe JF, Pastoris MC, Stout JE, Schousboe M, Widmer A, Summersgill J, File T, Heath CM, Patterson DL, Chereshsky A (2002) Distribution of Legionella species and serogroups isolated by culture in patients with sporadic community-acquired legionellosis: an international collaborative survey. J Infect Dis 186:127\u2013128","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4226-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4226-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4226-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T05:02:57Z","timestamp":1598763777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4226-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4226-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]]}}}