{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:32:04Z","timestamp":1790677924102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]],"date-time":"2018-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2401-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,2]],"date-time":"2018-06-02T22:52:51Z","timestamp":1527979971000},"page":"23170-23194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Is skewed income distribution good for environmental quality? A comparative analysis among selected BRICS countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mantu Kumar","family":"Mahalik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrushikesh","family":"Mallick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemachandra","family":"Padhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagaban","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2401_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2014.11.001","volume":"15","author":"M Abid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abid M (2015) The close relationship between informal economic growth and carbon emissions in Tunisia since 1980: the (ir) relevance of structural breaks. Sustainable Cities and Society 15:11\u201321","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"2401_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2016.05.032","volume":"96","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Zhao Y, Shahbaz M, Bano S, Zhang Z, Wang S, Liu Y (2016) Carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: an aggregate and disaggregate analysis of the Indian economy. Energy Policy 96:131\u2013143","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR3","first-page":"465","volume":"4","author":"CS Akin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akin CS (2014) The impact of foreign trade, energy consumption and income on Co2 emissions. Int J Energy Econ Policy 4(3):465","journal-title":"Int J Energy Econ Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1086\/452171","volume":"43","author":"JM Antle","year":"1995","unstructured":"Antle JM, Heidebrink G (1995) Environment and development: theory and international evidence. Econ Dev Cult Chang 43(3):603\u2013625","journal-title":"Econ Dev Cult Chang"},{"key":"2401_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2015.07.003","volume":"35","author":"B Arvin-Mark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arvin-Mark B, Pradhan RP, Norman NR (2015) Transportation intensity, urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the G-20 countries. Util Policy 35:50\u201366","journal-title":"Util Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.07.097","volume":"62","author":"J Baek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baek J, Gweisah G (2013) Does income inequality harm the environment? Empirical evidence from the United States. Energy Policy 62:1434\u20131437","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR7","unstructured":"Baloch, A., Shah, S. Z., Noor, Z. M., & Magsi, H. B. (2017) The nexus between income inequality, economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan. Geo J 1\u201316"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9892.00091","volume":"19","author":"A Banerjee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Dolado J, Mestre R (1998) Error-correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single-equation framework. J Time Ser Anal 19(3):267\u2013283","journal-title":"J Time Ser Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9892.2012.00814.x","volume":"34","author":"C Bayer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bayer C, Hanck C (2013) Combining non-cointegration tests. J Time Ser Anal 34(1):83\u201395","journal-title":"J Time Ser Anal"},{"key":"2401_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.07.205","volume":"41","author":"RA Begum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Begum RA, Sohag K, Abdullah SMS, Jaafar M (2015) CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic and population growth in Malaysia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 41:594\u2013601","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8009(94)90198-8","volume":"11","author":"JK Boyce","year":"1994","unstructured":"Boyce JK (1994) Inequality as a cause of environmental degradation. Ecol Econ 11(3):169\u2013178","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR12","unstructured":"BRICS Energy Indicators (2016) http:\/\/www.mme.gov.br\/documents\/10584\/3580500\/06+-+BRIC+Energy+Indicators+%28year+-+2015%29+%28PDF%29\/470882ae-364b-4d37-8463-8f1220016315?version=1.2"},{"key":"2401_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, R. L., Durbin, J., & Evans, J. M. (1975) Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol 149\u2013192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1975.tb01532.x"},{"key":"2401_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellucci, L., D\u2019Amato, A., & Zoli, M. (2012) Environmental quality and income inequality: the impact of redistribution on direct household emissions in Italy. In Environmental taxes and fiscal reform (pp. 123\u2013141). Palgrave Macmillan UK","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230392403_5"},{"key":"2401_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.10.081","volume":"66","author":"WN Cowan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cowan WN, Chang T, Inglesi-Lotz R, Gupta R (2014) The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. Energy Policy 66:359\u2013368","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cushing L., Morello-Frosch R, Wander M, & Pastor M (2015) The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: the relationship between social inequality and environmental quality. Annual Review of Public Health, 36","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122646"},{"issue":"366","key":"2401_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2307\/2286348","volume":"74","author":"DA Dickey","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dickey DA, Fuller WA (1979) Distribution of the estimation for autoregressive time series with a unit root. J Am Stat Assoc 74(366):427\u2013431","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR18","first-page":"277","volume":"1","author":"T Dietz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dietz T, Rosa EA (1994) Rethinking the environmental impacts of population, affluence and technology. Hum Ecol Rev 1(2):277\u2013300","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.175","volume":"94","author":"T Dietz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dietz T, Rosa EA (1997) Effects of population and affluence on CO2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94(1):175\u2013179","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2401_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downey L (2015) Inequality, democracy, and the environment. NYU Press","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479850723.001.0001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1068\/a43307","volume":"43","author":"A Drabo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drabo A (2011) Impact of income inequality on health: does environment quality matter? Environ Plan A 43(1):146\u2013165","journal-title":"Environ Plan A"},{"issue":"42","key":"2401_CR22","first-page":"42","volume":"4","author":"P Ehrlich","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ehrlich P, Holdren J (1970) The people problem. Saturday Rev 4(42):42\u201343","journal-title":"Saturday Rev"},{"key":"2401_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2307\/1913236","volume":"55","author":"RF Engle","year":"1987","unstructured":"Engle RF, Granger CW (1987) Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica 55:251\u2013276","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023658725021","volume":"25","author":"C Eriksson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eriksson C, Persson J (2003) Economic growth, inequality, democratization, and the environment. Environ Resour Econ 25(1):1\u201316","journal-title":"Environ Resour Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.08.010","volume":"114","author":"LJ Esso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Esso LJ, Keho Y (2016) Energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emissions: cointegration and causality evidence from selected African countries. Energy 114:492\u2013497","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"20","key":"2401_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15663","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4767-1","volume":"22","author":"S Farhani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farhani S, Ozturk I (2015) Causal relationship between CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(20):15663\u201315676","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/17.2.107","volume":"17","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1932","unstructured":"Fisher RA, Immer FR, Tedin O (1932) The genetical interpretation of statistics of the third degree in the study of quantitative inheritance. Genetics 17(2):107\u2013124","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2401_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.12.117","volume":"71","author":"S Franco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franco S, Mandla VR, Rao KRM (2017) Urbanization, energy consumption and emissions in the Indian context a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 71:898\u2013907","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2307\/2118443","volume":"110","author":"GM Grossman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grossman GM, Krueger AB (1995) Economic growth and the environment. Q J Econ 110(2):353\u2013377","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2401_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3253","volume":"7","author":"S Hallegatte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hallegatte S, Rozenberg J (2017) Climate change through a poverty lens. Nat Clim Chang 7(4):250\u2013256","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1995.1007","volume":"28","author":"JT Hamilton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hamilton JT (1995) Pollution as news: media and stock market reactions to the toxics release inventory data. J Environ Econ Manag 28(1):98\u2013113","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"key":"2401_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.03.025","volume":"67","author":"Y Hao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hao Y, Chen H, Zhang Q (2016) Will income inequality affect environmental quality? Analysis based on China\u2019s provincial panel data. Ecol Indic 67:533\u2013542","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"2401_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.08.155","volume":"140","author":"Z He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He Z, Xu S, Shen W, Long R, Chen H (2017) Impact of urbanization on energy related CO2 emission at different development levels: regional difference in China based on panel estimation. J Clean Prod 140:1719\u20131730","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"12","key":"2401_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2009.07.044","volume":"37","author":"A Jalil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jalil A, Mahmud SF (2009) Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy 37(12):5167\u20135172","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.12.010","volume":"42","author":"K Jayanthakumaran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jayanthakumaran K, Verma R, Liu Y (2012) CO2 emissions, energy consumption, trade and income: a comparative analysis of China and India. Energy Policy 42:450\u2013460","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2011.03.288","volume":"5","author":"Y Jun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jun Y, Zhong-kui Y, Peng-fei S (2011) Income distribution, human capital and environmental quality: empirical study in China. Energy Procedia 5:1689\u20131696","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x","volume":"52","author":"S Johansen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johansen S, Juselius K (1990) Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration\u2014with applications to the demand for money. Oxf Bull Econ Stat 52(2):169\u2013210","journal-title":"Oxf Bull Econ Stat"},{"key":"2401_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2307\/2938278","volume":"59","author":"S Johansen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johansen S (1991) Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica 59:1551\u20131580","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2401_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.01.015","volume":"56","author":"K Kanjilal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanjilal K, Ghosh S (2013) Environmental Kuznet\u2019s curve for India: evidence from tests for cointegration with unknown structural breaks. Energy Policy 56:509\u2013515","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.10.099","volume":"142","author":"H Kasuga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kasuga H, Takaya M (2017) Does inequality affect environmental quality? Evidence from major Japanese cities. J Clean Prod 142:3689\u20133701","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"2401_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.07.025","volume":"74","author":"P Kivyiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kivyiro P, Arminen H (2014) Carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment: causality analysis for sub-Saharan Africa. Energy 74:595\u2013606","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"45","author":"S Kuznets","year":"1955","unstructured":"Kuznets S (1955) Economic growth and income inequality. Am Econ Rev 45(1):1\u201328","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(99)00115-9","volume":"32","author":"E Magnani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magnani E (2000) The environmental Kuznets curve, environmental protection policy and income distribution. Ecol Econ 32(3):431\u2013443","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2017.12.008","volume":"69","author":"H Mallick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mallick H, Mahalik MK, Sahoo M (2018) Is crude oil price detrimental to domestic private investment for an emerging economy? The role of public sector investment and financial sector development in an era of globalization. Energy Econ 69:307\u2013324","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR45","unstructured":"May, J. (1998) Experience and perceptions of poverty in South Africa. Praxis Publishing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR46","first-page":"262","volume":"3","author":"CE Nnaji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nnaji CE, Chukwu JO, Nnaji M (2013) Electricity supply, fossil fuel consumption, Co2 emissions and economic growth: implications and policy options for sustainable development in Nigeria. Int J Energy Econ Policy 3(3):262","journal-title":"Int J Energy Econ Policy"},{"issue":"17","key":"2401_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1080\/00036840500278103","volume":"37","author":"PK Narayan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Narayan PK (2005) The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Appl Econ 37(17):1979\u20131990","journal-title":"Appl Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2401_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355770X97000259","volume":"2","author":"T Panayotou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Panayotou T (1997) Demystifying the environmental Kuznets curve: turning a black box into a policy tool. Environ Dev Econ 2(4):465\u2013484","journal-title":"Environ Dev Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2010.09.041","volume":"36","author":"HT Pao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pao HT, Tsai CM (2011) Multivariate Granger causality between CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, FDI (foreign direct investment) and GDP (gross domestic product): evidence from a panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, and China) countries. Energy 36(1):685\u2013693","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2401_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(94)01697-6","volume":"71","author":"MH Pesaran","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pesaran MH, Shin Y (1996) Cointegration and speed of convergence to equilibrium. J Econ 71(1):117\u2013143","journal-title":"J Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.616","volume":"16","author":"MH Pesaran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pesaran MH, Shin Y, Smith RJ (2001) Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. J Appl Econ 16(3):289\u2013326","journal-title":"J Appl Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR52","unstructured":"Pesaran, M. H., & Pesaran, B. (1997) Working with Microfit 4.0: interactive econometric analysis; [Windows version]. Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.2.335","volume":"75","author":"PC Phillips","year":"1988","unstructured":"Phillips PC, Perron P (1988) Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika 75(2):335\u2013346","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"2401_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/52.4.651","volume":"52","author":"M Ravallion","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ravallion M, Heil M, Jalan J (2000) Carbon emissions and income inequality. Oxf Econ Pap 52(4):651\u2013669","journal-title":"Oxf Econ Pap"},{"key":"2401_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachs, J. D. (2015) The age of sustainable development. Columbia University Press","DOI":"10.7312\/sach17314"},{"key":"2401_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.05.054","volume":"73","author":"M Salahuddin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salahuddin M, Gow J (2014) Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Energy 73:44\u201358","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2401_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.07.033","volume":"39","author":"M Sebri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sebri M, Ben-Salha O (2014) On the causal dynamics between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and trade openness: fresh evidence from BRICS countries. Renew Sust Energ Rev 39:14\u201323","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"2401_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.118","volume":"52","author":"F Seker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seker F, Ertugrul HM, Cetin M (2015) The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: a bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renew Sust Energ Rev 52:347\u2013356","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1994.1031","volume":"27","author":"TM Selden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Selden TM, Song D (1994) Environmental quality and development: is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions? J Environ Econ Manag 27(2):147\u2013162","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"key":"2401_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/46.Supplement_1.757","volume":"46","author":"N Shafik","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shafik N (1994) Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis. Oxf Econ Pap 46:757\u2013773","journal-title":"Oxf Econ Pap"},{"key":"2401_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.05.022","volume":"45","author":"M Shahbaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahbaz M, Sbia R, Hamdi H, Ozturk I (2014) Economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation relationship in United Arab Emirates. Ecol Indic 45:622\u2013631","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"2401_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.12.025","volume":"52","author":"M Shahbaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahbaz M, Mallick H, Mahalik MK, Loganathan N (2015) Does globalization impede environmental quality in India? Ecol Indic 52:379\u2013393","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"2401_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2016.01.013","volume":"55","author":"M Shahbaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shahbaz M, Mallick H, Mahalik MK, Sadorsky P (2016) The role of globalization on the recent evolution of energy demand in India: implications for sustainable development. Energy Econ 55:52\u201368","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahbaz, M., Bhattacharya, M., & Mahalik, M. K. (2017) Finance and income inequality in Kazakhstan: evidence since transition with policy suggestions. Appl Econ 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2017.1305095"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2009.00614.x","volume":"90","author":"F Solt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solt F (2009) Standardizing the world income inequality database. Soc Sci Q 90(2):231\u2013242","journal-title":"Soc Sci Q"},{"key":"2401_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2015.01.013","volume":"55","author":"N Sim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sim N, Zhou H (2015) Oil prices, US stock return, and the dependence between their quantiles. J Bank Financ 55:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Bank Financ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2401_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.12295","volume":"97","author":"F Solt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Solt F (2016) The standardized world income inequality database. Soc Sci Q 97(5):1267\u20131281","journal-title":"Soc Sci Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(97)00177-8","volume":"25","author":"M Torras","year":"1998","unstructured":"Torras M, Boyce JK (1998) Income, inequality, and pollution: a reassessment of the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecol Econ 25(2):147\u2013160","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2401_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.23.2.29","volume":"23","author":"RS Tol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tol RS (2009) The economic effects of climate change. J Econ Perspect 23(2):29\u201351","journal-title":"J Econ Perspect"},{"issue":"7","key":"2401_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.04.063","volume":"39","author":"Y Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhu X, Lu G (2011) Energy consumption and economic growth in China: a multivariate causality test. Energy Policy 39(7):4399\u20134406","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2401_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.02.044","volume":"53","author":"C Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang C (2013) Differential output growth across regions and carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from US and China. Energy 53:230\u2013236","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2401_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.01.105","volume":"168","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li L, Kubota J, Han R, Zhu X, Lu G (2016a) Does urbanization lead to more carbon emission? Evidence from a panel of BRICS countries. Appl Energy 168:375\u2013380","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"2401_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.10.143","volume":"54","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Han R, Kubota J (2016b) Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for SO2 emissions? A semi-parametric panel data analysis for China. Renew Sust Energ Rev 54:1182\u20131188","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"2401_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.06.041","volume":"112","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen L, Kubota J (2016c) The relationship between urbanization, energy use and carbon emissions: evidence from a panel of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. J Clean Prod 112:1368\u20131374","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"2401_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.12.109","volume":"190","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang C, Lu A, Li L, He Y, ToJo J, Zhu X (2017) A disaggregated analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve for industrial CO2 emissions in China. Appl Energy 190:172\u2013180","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"2401_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.149","volume":"74","author":"Y Wolde-Rufael","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolde-Rufael Y, Idowu S (2017) Income distribution and CO2 emission: a comparative analysis for China and India. Renew Sust Energ Rev 74:1336\u20131345","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"2401_CR77","unstructured":"World Bank (2009) World development report 2009: reshaping economic geography. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/5991"},{"key":"2401_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.11.052","volume":"79","author":"L Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu L, Liu S, Liu D, Fang Z, Xu H (2015) Modelling and forecasting CO2 emissions in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries using a novel multi-variable grey model. Energy 79:489\u2013495","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2401_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.06.121","volume":"135","author":"Y Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu Y, Shen J, Zhang X, Skitmore M, Lu W (2016) The impact of urbanization on carbon emissions in developing countries: a Chinese study based on the U-Kaya method. J Clean Prod 135:589\u2013603","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2401_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(03)00188-5","volume":"46","author":"R York","year":"2003","unstructured":"York R, Rosa EA, Dietz T (2003) STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts. Ecol Econ 46(3):351\u2013365","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"key":"2401_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(15)00890-4","volume":"26","author":"GY Zakarya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zakarya GY, Mostefa BELMOKADDEM, Abbes SM, Seghir GM (2015) Factors affecting CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries: a panel data analysis. Proc Econ Finance 26:114\u2013125","journal-title":"Proc Econ Finance"},{"key":"2401_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.09.048","volume":"136","author":"C Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhao W (2014) Panel estimation for income inequality and CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China. Appl Energy 136:382\u2013392","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"2401_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Yu, K., & Chen, Z. (2017) How does urbanization affect carbon dioxide emissions? A cross-country panel data analysis. Energy Policy","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2017.03.072"},{"key":"2401_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.1992.10509904","volume":"10","author":"E Zivot","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zivot E, Andrews D (1992) Further evidence of great crash, the oil price shock and unit root hypothesis. J Bus Econ Stat 10:251\u2013270","journal-title":"J Bus Econ Stat"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-018-2401-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-018-2401-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-018-2401-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T03:28:18Z","timestamp":1720322898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-018-2401-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-018-2401-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}