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Different ACs were synthesised via two activation steps: firstly, with phosphoric acid (designated PP) and then using potassium hydroxide (designated PK). The AC produced after the two activation steps showed a surface area as high as 833 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> with a pore volume of 0.44 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, where the raw material of PPW showed a surface area &lt; 4 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. This can help aid and facilitate the concept of the circular economy by effectively up-cycling and valorising waste lignocellulosic biomass such as potato peel waste to high surface area AC and subsequently, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Consequently, MWCNTs were prepared from the produced AC by mixing it with the nitrogen-based material melamine and iron precursor, iron (III) oxalate hexahydrate. This produced hydrophilic multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a water contact angle of \u03b8 = 14.97 \u00b0. Both AC and CNT materials were used in heavy metal removal (HMR) where the maximum lead absorption was observed for sample PK with a\u00a084% removal capacity after the first hour of testing. This result signifies that the synthesis of these up-cycled materials can have applications in areas such as wastewater treatment or other conventional AC\/CNT end uses with a rapid cycle time in a two-fold approach to improve the eco-friendly synthesis of such value-added products and the circular economy from a significant waste stream, i.e., PPW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06594-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T01:01:48Z","timestamp":1574211708000},"page":"37228-37241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Production and characterisation of activated carbon and carbon nanotubes from potato peel waste and their application in heavy metal removal."],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2788-7839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Blewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehad K.","family":"Abu-Dahrieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ala\u2019a H.","family":"Al-Muhtaseb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6594_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1080\/03602559.2015.1036444","volume":"54","author":"A Abdolmaleki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdolmaleki A, Mallakpour S, Rostami M (2015) Role of carboxylic acid-functionalized MWCNTs in potentially biodegradable poly(amide\u2013imide) nanocomposites based on N,N\u2032-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-S-valine: preparation, thermal and morphological properties. 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