{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:37:37Z","timestamp":1787996257252,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VO 1794\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VO 1794\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05K16PX1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05K16PX1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phosphorus (P) fertilizers from secondary resources became increasingly important in the last years. However, these novel P-fertilizers can also contain toxic pollutants such as chromium in its hexavalent state (Cr(VI)). This hazardous form of chromium is therefore regulated with low limit values for agricultural products even though the correct determination of Cr(VI) in these fertilizers may be hampered by redox processes, leading to false results. Thus, we applied the novel diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique for Cr(VI) in fertilizers and compared the results with the standard wet chemical extraction method (German norm DIN EN 15192) and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We determined an overall good correlation between the wet chemical extraction and the DGT method. DGT was very sensitive and for most tested materials selective for the analysis of Cr(VI) in P-fertilizers. However, hardly soluble Cr(VI) compounds cannot be detected with the DGT method since only mobile Cr(VI) is analyzed. Furthermore, Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy showed that the DGT binding layer also adsorbs small amounts of mobile Cr(III) so that Cr(VI) values are overestimated. Since certain types of the P-fertilizers contain mobile Cr(III) or partly immobile Cr(VI), it is necessary to optimize the DGT binding layers to avoid aforementioned over- or underestimation. Furthermore, our investigations showed that the Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy technique is unsuitable to determine small amounts of Cr(VI) in fertilizers (below approx. 1% of Cr(VI) in relation to total Cr).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08761-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T04:02:31Z","timestamp":1587182551000},"page":"24320-24328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Chromium (VI) in phosphorus fertilizers determined with the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie C.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Murzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Caliebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"8761_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00061a026","volume":"65","author":"S Bajt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bajt S, Clark SB, Sutton SR, Rivers ML, Smith JV (1993) Synchrotron X-ray microprobe determination of chromate content using X-ray absorption near-edge structure. 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Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions on the 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials for the EU"},{"key":"8761_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12171","DOI":"10.1021\/jp902604p","volume":"113","author":"J Frommer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frommer J, Nachtegaal M, Czekaj I, Weng TC, Kretzmar R (2009) X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy of CrIII (hydr)oxides Analysis of the K-pre-edge region. J Phys Chem A 113:12171\u201312178","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"key":"8761_CR7","unstructured":"German Fertiliser Ordinance, (2012). In German language: Verordnung \u00fcber das Inverkehrbringen von D\u00fcngemitteln, Bodenhilfsstoffen, Kultursubstraten und Pflanzenhilfsmitteln (D\u00fcngemittelverordnung \u2013 D\u00fcMV) vom 05. Dezember 2012, (BGB1. I S. 2482), die zuletzt durch Artikel 1 der Verordnung vom 2. Oktober 2019 (BGB1 I S. 1414) ge\u00e4ndert worden ist"},{"key":"8761_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.059","volume":"542","author":"H Herzel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herzel H, Kr\u00fcger O, Hermann L, Adam C (2016) Sewage sludge ash \u2014 a promising secondary phosphorus source for fertilizer production. Sci Total Environ 542:1136\u20131143","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"8761_CR9","unstructured":"ISO 11268-2, (2012). 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