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The treated water could be reused, after appropriate dilution, contributing to the circular economy perspective and reducing the need for both chemical fertilizer addition and freshwater supply. The effect of different specific ultrasonic energies and ozone doses was assessed on a bench-top system, composed of an ultrasonic reactor and a semi-batch ozonation vessel. The results showed that the combined US-O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> process produces a good removal efficiency regarding soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand, sCOD (ca. 60%), anionic surfactants (ca. 50%), and formaldehyde (ca. 50%), and an optimal abatement for Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS,\u00a0&gt; 90%). The process also reached high disinfection performances, obtaining 4 logs for <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 5 log abatement for Total Coliforms. The high removal efficiency is matched by an outstanding retention of nutrients (total nitrogen and orthophosphate) highlighting a high potential value for agricultural reuse of the treated primary effluent, with possible significant saving of chemical fertilizers. It was concluded that low-frequency ultrasound pre-treatment, combined with ozonation, could be a useful process for primary effluent recovery for several purposes. Further studies are expected to be planned and executed to evaluate system scale-up feasibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10467-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T20:14:02Z","timestamp":1597954442000},"page":"700-710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Combined ultrasound-ozone treatment for reutilization of primary effluent\u2014a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Giada","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matia","family":"Mainardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Aneggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda K.","family":"Weavers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Goi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1-3","key":"10467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(02)01085-8","volume":"152","author":"D Abdessemed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abdessemed D, Nezzal G (2003) Treatment of primary effluent by coagulation-adsorption-ultrafiltration for reuse. 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