{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:50:18Z","timestamp":1791921018910,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017160","name":"Beni-Suef University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10637-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1598864576000},"page":"2019-2030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis via Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sally M.","family":"Khadrawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10637_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-30-49","volume":"30","author":"MT Abdel aziz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdel aziz MT, El Asmar MF, Atta HM, Mahfouz S, Fouad HH, Roshdy NK, Rashed LA, Sabry D, Hassouna AA, Taha FM (2011) Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in suppression of hepatocarcinorigenesis in rats: possible role of Wnt signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 30:49\u201349","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10637_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc.2014.7.2.87","volume":"7","author":"SK Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed SK, Mohammed SA, Khalaf G, Fikry H (2014) Role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of CCL4 induced liver fibrosis in albino rats: a histological and immunohistochemical study. Int J Stem Cells 7:87\u201397","journal-title":"Int J Stem Cells"},{"key":"10637_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080346","volume":"9","author":"SH Aladaileh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aladaileh SH, Abukhalil MH, Saghir SAM, Hanieh H, Alfwuaires MA, Almaiman AA, Bin-Jumah M, Mahmoud AM (2019) Galangin activates Nrf2 signaling and attenuates oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biomolecules 9:346","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10637_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.003","volume":"152","author":"SY An","year":"2017","unstructured":"An SY, Jang YJ, Lim HJ, Han J, Lee J, Lee G, Park JY, Park SY, Kim JH, Do BR, Han C, Park HK, Kim OH, Song MJ, Kim SJ, Kim JH (2017) Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8, secreted by mesenchymal stem cells, protects against liver fibrosis in mice. Gastroenterology 152:1174\u20131186","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10637_CR5","first-page":"882","volume":"61","author":"E Beutler","year":"1963","unstructured":"Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly BM (1963) Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med. 61:882\u2013888","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med."},{"key":"10637_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248\u2013254","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10637_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.12.006","volume":"299","author":"Q Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng Q, Li C, Yang C-f, Zhong Y-J, Wu D, Shi L, Chen L, Li Y-W, Li L (2019) Methyl ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad and NOX4\/ROS pathways. Chemico-Biological Interactions 299:131\u2013139","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"10637_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20235","volume":"39","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"2004","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA (2004) Progressive fibrosis during corticosteroid therapy of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 39:1631\u20131638","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10637_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04736-4","volume":"46","author":"DG Duman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duman DG, Zibandeh N, Ugurlu MU, Celikel C, Akkoc T, Banzragch M, Genc D, Ozdogan O, Akkoc T (2019) Mesenchymal stem cells suppress hepatic fibrosis accompanied by expanded intrahepatic natural killer cells in rat fibrosis model. Molecular biology reports 46:2997\u20133008","journal-title":"Molecular biology reports"},{"key":"10637_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502402102","volume":"102","author":"AL Eggler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggler AL, Liu G, Pezzuto JM, van Breemen RB, Mesecar AD (2005) Modifying specific cysteines of the electrophile-sensing human Keap1 protein is insufficient to disrupt binding to the Nrf2 domain Neh2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102:10070\u201310075","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10637_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.06.022","volume":"56","author":"SJ Forbes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Forbes SJ, Newsome PN (2012) New horizons for stem cell therapy in liver disease. Journal of hepatology 56:496\u2013499","journal-title":"Journal of hepatology"},{"key":"10637_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007","volume":"88","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman SL (2008a) Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver. Physiological reviews 88:125\u2013172","journal-title":"Physiological reviews"},{"key":"10637_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","volume":"134","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman SL (2008b) Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology 134:1655\u20131669","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10637_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"CR Gandhi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gandhi CR (2012) Oxidative stress and hepatic stellate cells: a paradoxical relationship. Trends Cell Mol. Biol. 7:1\u201310","journal-title":"Trends Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10637_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21477","volume":"45","author":"R Higashiyama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Higashiyama R, Inagaki Y, Hong YY, Kushida M, Nakao S, Niioka M, Watanabe T, Okano H, Matsuzaki Y, Shiota G, Okazaki I (2007) Bone marrow-derived cells express matrix metalloproteinases and contribute to regression of liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 45:213\u2013222","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"key":"10637_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.1.76","volume":"13","author":"K Itoh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, Ishii T, Igarashi K, Engel JD, Yamamoto M (1999) Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain. Genes & development 13:76\u201386","journal-title":"Genes & development"},{"key":"10637_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3431","volume":"28","author":"S Josan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Josan S, Billingsley K, Orduna J, Park JM, Luong R, Yu L, Hurd R, Pfefferbaum A, Spielman D, Mayer D (2015) Assessing inflammatory liver injury in an acute CCl4 model using dynamic 3D metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate. NMR in biomedicine 28:1671\u20131677","journal-title":"NMR in biomedicine"},{"key":"10637_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88881","volume":"127","author":"Y Koyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koyama Y, Brenner DA (2017) Liver inflammation and fibrosis. The Journal of clinical investigation 127:55\u201364","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"key":"10637_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13646","volume":"25","author":"EJ Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee EJ, C\u00e1rdenes N, \u00c1lvarez D, Sellar\u00e9s J, Sembrat J, Aranda P, Peng Y, Bullock J, Nouraie SM, Mora AL, Rojas M (2020) Mesenchymal stem cells reduce ER stress via PERK-Nrf2 pathway in an aged mouse model. Respirology 25:417\u2013426","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10637_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062363","volume":"8","author":"Q Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Q, Zhou X, Shi Y, Li J, Zheng L, Cui L, Zhang J, Wang L, Han Z, Han Y, Fan D (2013) In vivo tracking and comparison of the therapeutic effects of MSCs and HSCs for liver injury. PloS one 8:e62363","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10637_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5872","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06318-5","volume":"7","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li X, Wang L, Chen C (2017) Effects of exogenous thymosin \u03b24 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Scientific Reports 7:5872","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10637_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-6-19","volume":"6","author":"C Liedtke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liedtke C, Luedde T, Sauerbruch T, Scholten D, Streetz K, Tacke F, Tolba R, Trautwein C, Trebicka J, Weiskirchen R (2013) Experimental liver fibrosis research: update on animal models, legal issues and translational aspects. Fibrogenesis & tissue repair 6:19","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis & tissue repair"},{"key":"10637_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29189","volume":"66","author":"BL Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin BL, Chen JF, Qiu WH, Wang KW, Xie DY, Chen XY, Liu QL, Peng L, Li JG, Mei YY, Wing WZ, Peng YW, Cao HJ, Xie JQ, Xie SB, Xiang AP, Gao ZL (2017) Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 66:209\u2013219","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"key":"10637_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin Y, Luo H, Wang X, Zheng M, Jin Q, Chen H, Pan P, Zhang J (2018) Flavanones from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Alleviate CCl(4)-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Targeting TGF-\u03b21\/T\u03b2R\/Smad Pathway In Turn Inhibiting Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018:3080837","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3080837"},{"key":"10637_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402\u2013408","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"10637_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.047","volume":"86","author":"AM Mahmoud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahmoud AM, Germoush MO, Alotaibi MF, Hussein OE (2017a) Possible involvement of Nrf2 and PPARgamma up-regulation in the protective effect of umbelliferone against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 86:297\u2013306","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10637_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.09.015","volume":"277","author":"AM Mahmoud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahmoud AM, Mohammed HM, Khadrawy SM, Galaly SR (2017b) Hesperidin protects against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis via modulation of Nrf2\/ARE\/HO-1, PPARgamma and TGF-beta1\/Smad3 signaling, and amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 277:146\u2013158","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10637_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-00973-8","volume":"42","author":"AM Mahmoud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahmoud AM, Hozayen WG, Hasan IH, Shaban E, Bin-Jumah M (2019) Umbelliferone Ameliorates CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Upregulating PPARgamma and Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and TGF-beta1\/Smad3 Signaling. Inflammation 42:1103\u20131116","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10637_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(81)77030-7","volume":"77","author":"B Mannervik","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mannervik B, Guthenberg C (1981) Glutathione transferase (human placenta). Methods Enzymol 77:231\u2013235","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10637_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13682","volume":"38","author":"P Marcellin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marcellin P, Kutala BK (2018) Liver diseases: a major, neglected global public health problem requiring urgent actions and large-scale screening. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 38(Suppl 1):2\u20136","journal-title":"Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver"},{"key":"10637_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","volume":"47","author":"S Marklund","year":"1974","unstructured":"Marklund S, Marklund G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 47:469\u2013474","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem."},{"key":"10637_CR32","first-page":"7752","volume":"8","author":"S Ni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ni S, Wang D, Qiu X, Pang L, Song Z, Guo K (2015) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat by activating Nrf2 signaling. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 8:7752\u20137761","journal-title":"International journal of clinical and experimental pathology"},{"key":"10637_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical biochemistry 95:351\u2013358","journal-title":"Analytical biochemistry"},{"key":"10637_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan H, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu L, Mao L (2012) The absence of Nrf2 enhances NF-kappaB-dependent inflammation following scratch injury in mouse primary cultured astrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2012:217580","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/217580"},{"key":"10637_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satta S, Mahmoud AM, Wilkinson FL, Yvonne Alexander M, White SJ (2017) The role of Nrf2 in cardiovascular function and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:9237263\u00a0","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9237263"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10637_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.05.005","volume":"39","author":"D Schuppan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schuppan D (2015) Liver fibrosis: common mechanisms and antifibrotic therapies. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 39(Suppl 1):S51\u2013S59","journal-title":"Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology"},{"key":"10637_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60383-9","volume":"371","author":"D Schuppan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schuppan D, Afdhal NH (2008) Liver cirrhosis. Lancet (London, England) 371:838\u2013851","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10637_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28693","volume":"64","author":"KT Suk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suk KT et al (2016) Transplantation with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for alcoholic cirrhosis: Phase 2 trial. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 64:2185\u20132197","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"key":"10637_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.07.048","volume":"120","author":"J Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun J, Wu Y, Long C, He P, Gu J, Yang L, Liang Y, Wang Y (2018) Anthocyanins isolated from blueberry ameliorates CCl4 induced liver fibrosis by modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and stellate cell activation in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 120:491\u2013499","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10637_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.039","volume":"63","author":"F Tacke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tacke F, Trautwein C (2015) Mechanisms of liver fibrosis resolution. J Hepatol 63:1038\u20131039","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10637_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tai W, Deng S, Wu W, Li Z, Lei W, Wang Y, Vongphouttha C, Zhang T, Dong Z (2020) Rapamycin attenuates the paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through activating Nrf2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 235:1759\u20131768","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29094"},{"key":"10637_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150014","volume":"43","author":"JD Wardyn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wardyn JD, Ponsford AH, Sanderson CM (2015) Dissecting molecular cross-talk between Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB response pathways. Biochem Soc Trans. 43:621\u2013626","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans."},{"key":"10637_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Tsuchiya A, Seino S, Kawata Y, Kojima Y, Ikarashi S, Starkey Lewis PJ, Lu WY, Kikuta J, Kawai H, Yamagiwa S, Forbes SJ, Ishii M, Terai S (2019) Mesenchymal stem cells and induced bone marrow-derived macrophages synergistically improve liver fibrosis in mice. Stem Cells Rransl Med 8:271\u2013284","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0105"},{"key":"10637_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/713611034","volume":"33","author":"LW Weber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weber LW, Boll M, Stampfl A (2003) Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model. Crit Rev Toxicol 33:105\u2013136","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-020-10637-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-020-10637-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-020-10637-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T23:09:00Z","timestamp":1630364940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-020-10637-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-10637-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The experimental protocol and procedures were approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Beni-Suef University (2018\/0728).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}