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However, the conclusions are controversial. Birth data of all term newborns born in Xi\u2019an city of Shaanxi, China, from 2015 to 2018 and whose mother lived in Xi\u2019an during pregnancy were selected form the Birth Registry Database. And the daily air quality data of Xi\u2019an city was collected from Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform. Generalized additive models (GAM) and 2-level binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure on term birth weight, the risk term low birth weight (TLBW), and macrosomia. Finally, 321521 term newborns were selected, including 4369(1.36%) TLBW infants and 24,960 (7.76%) macrosomia. The average pollution levels of PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    , PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in Xi\u2019an city from 2015 to 2018 were higher than national limits. During the whole pregnancy, maternal exposure to PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    , PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    , SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and CO all significantly reduced the term birth weight and increased the risk of TLBW. However, NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure have significantly increased the term birth weight, and O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    even increased the risk of macrosomia significantly. Those effects were also observed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. But during the third trimester, high level of air quality index (AQI) and maternal exposure to PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    , PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    , SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and CO increased the term birth weight and the risk of macrosomia, while O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure was contrary to this effect. The findings suggested that prenatal exposure to air pollution might cause adverse impacts on term birth weight, and the effects varied with trimesters and pollutants, which provides further pieces of evidence for the adverse effects of air pollution exposure in heavy polluted-area on term birth weight.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10705-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T23:52:58Z","timestamp":1599781978000},"page":"3296-3306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Impact of air pollution exposure during various periods of pregnancy on term birth weight: a large-sample, retrospective population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liren","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longtao","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuifang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leqian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Chun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"10705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12248","volume":"13","author":"TL Alderete","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alderete TL, Song AY, Bastain T, Habre R, Toledo-Corral CM, Salam MT, Lurmann F, Gilliland FD, Breton CV (2018) Prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposures, cord blood adipokines and infant weight. 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