{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:50:09Z","timestamp":1762033809070,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCHU2271\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHU2271\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["57299294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57299294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During its aquatic life cycle, nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) may interact with natural organic matter (NOM) ultimately altering the ecotoxicity of co-occurring chemical stressors such as heavy metals (e.g. copper (Cu)). In this context, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) aging of nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>along with Cu reduces Cu toxicity, (2) nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>agglomerates have a lower potential to reduce Cu toxicity and (3) aging of nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>in presence of NOM reduces Cu toxicity further. A multifactorial test design crossing three nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>levels (0.0, 0.6 and 3.0\u00a0mg\/L) with two levels of NOM (0 versus 8\u00a0mg total organic carbon (TOC)\/L) and seven nominal Cu concentrations (ranging from 0 to 1536\u00a0\u03bcg\/L) aged in ASTM medium for 0, 1, 3 and 6\u00a0days was realised, while two aging scenarios were applied (type 1: nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>jointly aged with Cu; type 2: Cu added after nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>aging). Subsequently, Cu toxicity was assessed using the immobility of<jats:italic>Daphnia magna<\/jats:italic>after 48\u00a0h of exposure as response variable. The experiments revealed that neither aging duration nor the extent of agglomeration (type 1 vs. type 2 aging) has a substantial impact on Cu induced toxicity. Moreover, it was confirmed that the presence of NOM substantially reduced Cu induced toxicity, independent of the aging scenario and duration. More importantly, the data suggest the ingestion of Cu loaded nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>as additional exposure pathway contributing to Cu toxicity. In conclusion, it seems unlikely that nTiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>concentrations currently detected in or predicted for aquatic ecosystems, which are at least one order of magnitude below the concentration tested here, influence Cu toxicity meaningfully.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11578-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T03:55:36Z","timestamp":1605671736000},"page":"13991-13999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of copper in Daphnia are modulated by nanosized titanium dioxide and natural organic matter: what is the impact of aging duration?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rajdeep","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"L\u00fcderwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asawer","family":"Alawi Ahmed Maknoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Metreveli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Bundschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"11578_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0813-z","volume":"21","author":"HA Al-Reasi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Reasi HA, Scott Smith D, Wood CM (2012) Evaluating the ameliorative effect of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality on copper toxicity to Daphnia magna: improving the BLM. Ecotoxicology 21:524\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-011-0813-z","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"11578_CR2","unstructured":"ASTM (2007) E729-96 standard guide for conducting acute toxicity tests on test materials with fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians. ASTM International,\u00a0West Conshohocken, PA, 2007,\u00a0www.astm.org"},{"key":"11578_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2007.01.005","volume":"87","author":"H Ayd\u0131n","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n H, Bulut Y, Yerlikaya \u00c7 (2008) Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto low-cost adsorbents. J Environ Manag 87:37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2007.01.005","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"11578_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2005.04.025","volume":"252","author":"W Baiqi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baiqi W, Liqiang J, Yichun Q, Shudan L, Baojiang J, Libin Y, Baifu X, Honggang F (2006) Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles by surface-capping DBS groups. Appl Surf Sci 252:2817\u20132825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2005.04.025","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"11578_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2015.03.010","volume":"111","author":"L Canesi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canesi L, Ciacci C, Balbi T (2015) Interactive effects of nanoparticles with other contaminants in aquatic organisms: friend or foe? Mar Environ Res 111:128\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2015.03.010","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"11578_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0500535","volume":"107","author":"X Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen X, Mao SS (2007) Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. Chem Rev 107:2891\u20132959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr0500535","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"11578_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4492-9","volume":"22","author":"J Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen J, Qian Y, Li H, Cheng Y, Zhao M (2015) The reduced bioavailability of copper by nano-TiO2 attenuates the toxicity to Microcystis aeruginosa. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:12407\u201312414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4492-9","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"11578_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2855","volume":"34","author":"D Cupi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cupi D, Hartmann NB, Baun A (2015) The influence of natural organic matter and aging on suspension stability in guideline toxicity testing of silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles with Daphnia magna: natural organic matter and aging on nanoparticle. Environ Toxicol Chem 34:497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.2855","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"11578_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020112","volume":"6","author":"A Dabrunz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dabrunz A, Duester L, Prasse C, Seitz F, Rosenfeldt R, Schilde C, Schaumann GE, Schulz R (2011) Biological surface coating and molting inhibition as mechanisms of TiO2 nanoparticle toxicity in Daphnia magna. PLoS One 6:e20112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0020112","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"11578_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.11.030","volume":"159","author":"W Fan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fan W, Cui M, Liu H, Wang C, Shi Z, Tan C, Yang X (2011) Nano-TiO2 enhances the toxicity of copper in natural water to Daphnia magna. Environ Pollut 159:729\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.11.030","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"11578_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.08.060","volume":"105","author":"W Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan W, Peng R, Li X, Ren J, Liu T, Wang X (2016) Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on copper toxicity to Daphnia magna in water: role of organic matter. Water Res 105:129\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2016.08.060","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"11578_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.8.1179","volume":"205","author":"M Grosell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grosell M, Wood CM (2002) Copper uptake across rainbow trout gills. J Exp Biol 205:1179","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"11578_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(02)00085-6","volume":"133","author":"M Grosell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grosell M, Nielsen C, Bianchini A (2002) Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 133:287\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1532-0456(02)00085-6","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"11578_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2018.12.002","volume":"27","author":"X He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He X, Deng H, Hwang H (2019) The current application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture. J Food Drug Anal 27:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfda.2018.12.002","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal"},{"key":"11578_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2891","volume":"34","author":"B Jovanovi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107 B (2015) Review of titanium dioxide nanoparticle phototoxicity: developing a phototoxicity ratio to correct the endpoint values of toxicity tests: TiO2 nanoparticles phototoxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 34:1070\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.2891","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"11578_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1021\/ez400106t","volume":"1","author":"AA Keller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keller AA, Lazareva A (2014) Predicted releases of engineered nanomaterials: from global to regional to local. Environ Sci Technol Lett 1:65\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ez400106t","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"11578_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-1692-4","volume":"15","author":"AA Keller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keller AA, McFerran S, Lazareva A, Suh S (2013) Global life cycle releases of engineered nanomaterials. J Nanopart Res 15:1692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11051-013-1692-4","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"11578_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-010-0204-z","volume":"13","author":"S Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee S, Kim K, Shon HK, Kim SD, Cho J (2011) Biotoxicity of nanoparticles: effect of natural organic matter. J Nanopart Res 13:3051\u20133061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11051-010-0204-z","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"11578_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11121","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11121","volume":"5","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu L, Fan W, Lu H, Xiao W (2015) Effects of the interaction between TiO2 with different percentages of exposed {001} facets and Cu2+ on biotoxicity in Daphnia magna. Sci Rep 5:11121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep11121","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11578_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1039\/c3en00061c","volume":"1","author":"F Loosli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loosli F, Le Coustumer P, Stoll S (2014) Effect of natural organic matter on the disagglomeration of manufactured TiO2 nanoparticles. Environ Sci Nano 1:154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3en00061c","journal-title":"Environ Sci Nano"},{"key":"11578_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(01)00219-3","volume":"58","author":"JI Lorenzo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lorenzo JI, Nieto O, Beiras R (2002) Effect of humic acids on speciation and toxicity of copper to Paracentrotus lividus larvae in seawater. Aquat Toxicol 58:27\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-445X(01)00219-3","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"11578_CR22","volume-title":"Ecosystems and human well-being: opportunities and challenges for business and industry","author":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment","year":"2005","unstructured":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: opportunities and challenges for business and industry. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC"},{"key":"11578_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12193052","volume":"12","author":"Mohajerani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohajerani, Burnett, Smith et al (2019) Nanoparticles in construction materials and other applications, and implications of nanoparticle use. Materials 12:3052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12193052","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"11578_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.1021\/es7029637","volume":"42","author":"NC Mueller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mueller NC, Nowack B (2008) Exposure modeling of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 42:4447\u20134453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es7029637","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"11578_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.006","volume":"150","author":"B Nowack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nowack B, Bucheli TD (2007) Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment. Environ Pollut 150:5\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.006","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"11578_CR26","unstructured":"OECD (2004) Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2, OECD Publishing, Paris."},{"key":"11578_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2175","volume":"32","author":"K Pakarinen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pakarinen K, Petersen EJ, Alvila L, Waissi-Leinonen GC, Akkanen J, Lepp\u00e4nen MT, Kukkonen JVK (2013) A screening study on the fate of fullerenes (nC60) and their toxic implications in natural freshwaters: Fate and toxicity of nC60 by varying water characters. Environ Toxicol Chem 32:1224\u20131232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.2175","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"11578_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.09.058","volume":"47","author":"X Qu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qu X, Alvarez PJJ, Li Q (2013) Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. Water Res 47:3931\u20133946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2012.09.058","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"11578_CR29","unstructured":"R Core Team (2013) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 3.0.1 ed. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna"},{"key":"11578_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2010.09.011","volume":"48","author":"F Rashidi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rashidi F, Sarabi RS, Ghasemi Z, Seif A (2010) Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for the removal of lead (II) and copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions by nanocrystalline. Superlattice Microst 48:577\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spmi.2010.09.011","journal-title":"Superlattice Microst"},{"key":"11578_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ritz C, Streibig JC (2005) Bioassay analysis using R. J Stat Softw 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v012.i05","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v012.i05"},{"key":"11578_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6965","DOI":"10.1021\/es405396a","volume":"48","author":"RR Rosenfeldt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenfeldt RR, Seitz F, Schulz R, Bundschuh M (2014) Heavy metal uptake and toxicity in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a factorial approach using Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Technol 48:6965\u20136972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es405396a","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"11578_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1021\/es506243d","volume":"49","author":"RR Rosenfeldt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenfeldt RR, Seitz F, Senn L, Schilde C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M (2015a) Nanosized titanium dioxide reduces copper toxicity\u2014the role of organic material and the crystalline phase. Environ Sci Technol 49:1815\u20131822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es506243d","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"11578_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.05.011","volume":"165","author":"RR Rosenfeldt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenfeldt RR, Seitz F, Zubrod JP, Feckler A, Merkel T, L\u00fcderwald S, Bundschuh R, Schulz R, Bundschuh M (2015b) Does the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles reduce copper toxicity? A factorial approach with the benthic amphipod Gammarus fossarum. Aquat Toxicol 165:154\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.05.011","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"11578_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3325","volume":"35","author":"RR Rosenfeldt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenfeldt RR, Seitz F, Haigis A-C, H\u00f6ger J, Zubrod JP, Schulz R, Bundschuh M (2016) Nanosized titanium dioxide influences copper-induced toxicity during aging as a function of environmental conditions: toxicity of copper and nanosized TiO2 - the effect of aging. Environ Toxicol Chem 35:1766\u20131774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.3325","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"11578_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0126021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126021","volume":"10","author":"F Seitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seitz F, L\u00fcderwald S, Rosenfeldt RR, Schulz R, Bundschuh M (2015) Aging of TiO2 nanoparticles transiently increases their toxicity to the pelagic microcrustacean Daphnia magna. PLoS One 10:e0126021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0126021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"11578_CR37","unstructured":"S\u00fc\u00df A, Bischoff G, Mueller ACW, Buhr L (2006) Chemisch-biologisches Monitoring zu Pflanzenschutzmittel- belastungen und Lebensgemeinschaften in Gr\u00e4ben des Alten Landes.\u00a0Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 58:28-42"},{"key":"11578_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.12.024","volume":"409","author":"D Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu J, Irons DR, Wang J (2011) Synergistic toxic effect of nano-TiO2 and As(V) on Ceriodaphnia dubia. Sci Total Environ 409:1351\u20131356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.12.024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"11578_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010110","volume":"39","author":"R Weltens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weltens R, Goossens R, Van Puymbr S (2000) Ecotoxicity of contaminated suspended solids for filter feeders (Daphnia magna). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39:315\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002440010110","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"11578_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1897\/05-320R.1","volume":"25","author":"MW Wheeler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wheeler MW, Park RM, Bailer AJ (2006) Comparing median lethal concentration values using confidence interval overlap or ratio tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:1441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/05-320R.1","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"11578_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.06.021","volume":"63","author":"S Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu S, Liu J, Yin Y, Shen M (2018) Interactions between engineered nanoparticles and dissolved organic matter: a review on mechanisms and environmental effects. J Environ Sci 63:198\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2017.06.021","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-020-11578-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-020-11578-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-020-11578-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T14:34:19Z","timestamp":1669646059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-020-11578-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["11578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-11578-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0944-1344"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1614-7499"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"One of the authors (RS) is managing director of a small consultancy working in the field of ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment, while another co-author (SL) is now working in the private sector, namely the chemical industry. The authors, however, do not feel a conflict of interest as a consequence of this situation.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}