{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T11:43:58Z","timestamp":1769514238444,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12664-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T22:34:35Z","timestamp":1612823675000},"page":"40703-40714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Economic feasibility of phosphorus recovery through struvite from liquid anaerobic digestate of animal waste"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kyung Jin","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.2170200204","volume":"20","author":"F Abbona","year":"1985","unstructured":"Abbona F, Boistelle R (1985) Nucleation of struvite MgNH4PO4\u00b76H2O single crystals and aggregates. Cryst Res Technol 20(2):133\u2013140","journal-title":"Cryst Res Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12664_CR2","first-page":"163","volume":"9","author":"P Aleta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aleta P, Parikh S-J, Silchuk A-P, Kate M, Scow K-M, Park M, Kim S (2018) The effect of organic matter on the removal of phosphorus through precipitation as struvite and calcium phosphate in synthetic dairy wastewater. Membr Water Treat 9(3):163\u2013172","journal-title":"Membr Water Treat"},{"issue":"9","key":"12664_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332608618486","volume":"26","author":"P Battistoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Battistoni P, Boccadoro R, Fatone F, Pavan P (2005) Auto-nucleation and crystal growth of struvite in a demonstrative fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Environ Technol 26(9):975\u2013982","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"12664_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00498-X","volume":"35","author":"P Battistoni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Battistoni P, Deangalis A, Pavan P, Prisciandaro M, Cecchi F (2001) Phosphorus removal from a real anaerobic supernatant by struvite crystallization. Water Res 35(9):2167\u20132178","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2008.002","volume":"57","author":"M-I-H Bhuiyan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhuiyan M-I-H, Mavinic D-S, Koch F-A (2008) Phosphorus recovery from wastewater through struvite formation in fluidized bed reactors: a sustainable approach. Water Sci Technol 57(2):175\u2013181","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12664_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(00)00351-1","volume":"213","author":"N-C Bouropoulos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bouropoulos N-C, Koutsoukos P-G (2000) Spontaneous precipitation of struvite from aqueous solutions. J Cryst Growth 213(3):381\u2013388","journal-title":"J Cryst Growth"},{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.28121","volume":"37","author":"J-R Buchanan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Buchanan J-R, Mote C-R, Robinson R-B (1994) Thermodynamics of struvite formation. Trans ASAE 37(2):617\u2013621","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"1","key":"12664_CR8","first-page":"79","volume":"11","author":"W Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi W, Yu J, Kim J, Jeong S, Direstiyani L-C, Lee T (2020) The effectiveness of step feeding strategies in sequencing batch reactor for a single-stage deammonification of high strength ammonia wastewater. Membr Water Treat 11(1):79\u201385","journal-title":"Membr Water Treat"},{"issue":"16","key":"12664_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00126-4","volume":"36","author":"J-D Doyle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Doyle J-D, Parsons S-A (2002) Struvite formation, control and recovery. Water Res 36(16):3925\u20133940","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"12664_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332008616861","volume":"20","author":"J Driver","year":"1999","unstructured":"Driver J, Lijmbach D, Ste\u00e8n I (1999) Why recover phosphorus for recycling and how? Environ Technol 20(7):651\u2013662","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12664_CR11","first-page":"113","volume":"4","author":"S El Rafie","year":"2013","unstructured":"El Rafie S, Hawash S, Shalaby M-S (2013) Evaluation of struvite precipitated from chemical fertilizer industrial effluents. Adv Appl Sci Res 4(1):113\u2013123","journal-title":"Adv Appl Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12664_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2166\/wpt.2013.013","volume":"8","author":"C Garcia-Belinch\u00f3na","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia-Belinch\u00f3na C, Rieckb T, Bouchya L, Gal\u00eda A, Roug\u00e9c P, F\u00e0bregas C (2013) Struvite recovery: pilot-scale results and economic assessment of different scenarios. Water Pract Technol 8(1):119\u2013130","journal-title":"Water Pract Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"12664_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332108618050","volume":"21","author":"M-R Gaterell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gaterell M-R, Gay R, Wilson R, Gochin R-J, Lester J-N (2000) An economic and environmental evaluation of the opportunities for substituting phosphorus recovered from wastewater treatment works in existing UK fertiliser markets. Environ Technol 21(9):1067\u20131084","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12664_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.060","volume":"61","author":"H Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang H, Xiao X, Yang L, Yan B (2010) Recovery of nitrogen from saponification wastewater by struvite precipitation. Water Sci Technol 61(11):2741\u20132748","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"12664_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00391-8","volume":"36","author":"Y Jaffer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaffer Y, Clark T-A, Pearce P, Parsons S-A (2002) Potential phosphorus recovery by struvite formation. Water Res 36(7):1834\u20131842","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"12664_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2015.12.009","volume":"107","author":"S Kataki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kataki S, West H, Clarke M, Baruah D-C (2016) Phosphorus recovery as struvite: Recent concerns for use of seed, alternative Mg source, nitrogen conservation and fertilizer potential. Resour Conserv Recycl 107:142\u2013156","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl"},{"issue":"55","key":"12664_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26751","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2016.1189697","volume":"57","author":"D Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim D, Min K-J, Yu M-S, Lee K, Kweon J, Park K-Y (2016) Use of concentrate water from seawater desalination plant as magnesium sources for struvite formation by using anaerobically digested effluent of swine wastewater. Desalination Water Treat 57(55):26751\u201326757","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1021\/cg049803e","volume":"5","author":"A-N Kofina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kofina A-N, Koutsoukos P (2005) Spontaneous precipitation of struvite from synthetic wastewater. Cryst Growth Des 5(2):489\u2013496","journal-title":"Cryst Growth Des"},{"key":"12664_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.08.036","volume":"210","author":"R Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar R, Pal P (2012) Response surface-optimized Fenton\u2019s pre-treatment for chemical precipitation of struvite and recycling of water through downstream nanofiltration. Chem Eng J 210:33\u201344","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"12664_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.01.001","volume":"43","author":"R Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar R, Pal P (2013) Turning hazardous waste into value-added products: production and characterization of struvite from ammoniacal waste with new approaches. J Clean Prod 43:59\u201370","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"22","key":"12664_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5450-2","volume":"22","author":"R Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar R, Pal P (2015) Assessing the feasibility of N and P recovery by struvite precipitation from nutrient-rich wastewater: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(22):17453\u201317464","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12664_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.04.026","volume":"169","author":"J-E Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee J-E, Rahman M-M, Ra C-S (2009) Dose effects of Mg and PO4 sources on the composting of swine manure. J Hazard Mater 169(1):801\u2013807","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"33","key":"12664_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34332","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05522-2","volume":"26","author":"K-J Min","year":"2019","unstructured":"Min K-J, Kim D, Lee J, Lee K, Park K-Y (2019) Characteristics of vegetable crop cultivation and nutrient releasing with struvite as a slow-release fertilizer. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(33):34332\u201334344","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0122","volume":"49","author":"J-B Neethling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neethling J-B, Benisch M (2004) Struvite control through process and facility design as well as operation strategy. Water Sci Technol 49(2):191\u2013199","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"12664_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:8(730)","volume":"125","author":"K-N Ohlinger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ohlinger K-N, Young T-M, Schroeder E-D (1999) Kinetics effects on preferential struvite accumulation in wastewater. J Environ Eng 125(8):730\u2013737","journal-title":"J Environ Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.6000\/1929-6037.2015.04.02.3","volume":"4","author":"P Pal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pal P, Abrar I, Kumar R (2015) Managing hazardous municipal wastewater: a membrane-integrated hybrid approach for fast and effective treatment in low temperature environment. J Membr Sep Technol 4(2):53\u201365","journal-title":"J Membr Sep Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"12664_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0303870","volume":"52","author":"M Quintana","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quintana M, Colmenarejo M-F, Barrera J, Garcia G, Garcia E, Bustos A (2004) Use of a byproduct of magnesium oxide production to precipitate phosphorusand nitrogen as struvite from wastewater treatment liquors. J Agric Food Chem 52(2):294\u2013299","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"4-6","key":"12664_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1991.0516","volume":"23","author":"T Schulze-Rettmer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schulze-Rettmer T (1991) The simultaneous chemical precipitation of ammonium and phosphate in the form of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate. Water Sci Technol 23(4-6):659\u2013667","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12664_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/09593331908616682","volume":"19","author":"H-S Shin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shin H-S, Lee M-S (1997) Removal of nutrients in wastewater by using magnesium salts. Environ Technol 19(3):283\u2013290","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"12664_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332208618196","volume":"22","author":"Y Ueno","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ueno Y, Fujii M (2001) Three years experience of operating and selling recovered struvite from Full-Scale Plant. Environ Technol 22(11):1373\u20131381","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12664_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00236-0","volume":"35","author":"E Von M\u00fcnch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Von M\u00fcnch E, Barr K (2001) Controlled struvite crystallisation for removing phosphorus from anaerobic digester sidestreams. Water Res 35(1):151\u2013159","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"12664_CR32","first-page":"35","volume":"176","author":"X Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang X, Qiu Z, Lu S, Ying W (2005) Characteristics of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus species released from ultrasonic treatment of waste activated sludge. J Hazard Mater 176(1):35\u201340","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"12664_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(11)60969-8","volume":"24","author":"H Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu H, He P, Gu W, Wang G, Shao L (2012) Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash. J Environ Sci 24:1533\u20131538","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"key":"12664_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.01.015","volume":"132","author":"R Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu R, Geng J, Ren H, Wang Y, Xu K (2013) Struvite pyrolysate recycling combined with dry pyrolysis for ammonium removal from wastewater. Bioresour Technol 132:154\u2013159","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"20","key":"12664_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.08.054","volume":"43","author":"T Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang T, Ding D, Ren H, Xiong X (2009) Ammonium nitrogen removal from coking wastewater by chemical precipitation recycle technology. Water Res 43(20):5209\u20135215","journal-title":"Water Res"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12664-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12664-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12664-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T10:48:50Z","timestamp":1628506130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12664-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["12664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12664-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}