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Although it is still present in aquatic ecosystems, oxidative stress driven by TBT has been still poorly investigated in fish. The aim of the study was to examine the time-course stress responses in liver of rainbow trout that received a single intraperitoneal injection of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) or tributyltin ethoxide (TBTE), both at a dose of 0.05 and 0.5 mg\/kg. Levels of metallothioneins, total glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were evaluated at 3 and 6 days post-injection. Tin load was measured in the muscle of the same fish. Differences were observed in the time-course accumulation of tin with a clear dose-response relationship. Although individual oxidative stress biomarkers varied, the biomarker profile indicated different stress mechanisms caused by both TBTC and TBTE. The weak induction of metal-trapping metallothioneins and the changes of oxidative stress biomarkers suggested a stress-pressure in both TBT-treated trout, advising for an ecotoxicological risk for freshwater ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12984-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T22:02:25Z","timestamp":1614895345000},"page":"35012-35022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Metal load and oxidative stress driven by organotin compounds on rainbow trout"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Magara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7750-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia Concetta","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambrosius Josef Martin","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cesarina","family":"Abete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Brizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Caldaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Righetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Scoparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marino","family":"Prearo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"12984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20786","volume":"29","author":"ML a Marca Pereira","year":"2014","unstructured":"a Marca Pereira ML, Eppler E, Thorpe KL, Wheeler JR, Burkhardt-Holm P (2014) Molecular and cellular effects of chemicals disrupting steroidogenesis during early ovarian development of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). 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