{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:19:26Z","timestamp":1772025566283,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12999-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T20:15:45Z","timestamp":1614111345000},"page":"32027-32034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Atrazine-induced cell-mediated immunotoxicity in rabbits and the\nameliorating role of glycyrrhizic acid"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mona K.","family":"Galal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf M.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"12999_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2016.1216722","volume":"38","author":"SM Abd El-Twab","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abd El-Twab SM, Hozayen WG, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM (2016)\n18\u03b2-Glycyrrhetinic acid protects against methotrexate-induced kidney injury by\nup-regulating the Nrf2\/ARE\/HO-1 pathway and endogenous antioxidants. Renal\nFailure 38(9):1516\u20131527","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"key":"12999_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2362","volume":"22","author":"MN Asi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Asi MN, Hosseinzadeh H (2008) Review of pharmacological effects of\nglycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytotherapy Research\n22:709\u2013724","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"12999_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2040154.077","volume":"24","author":"JY Ban","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ban JY, Park HK, Kim KS (2020) Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on\nscopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Int Neurourol J 24(Suppl\n1):S48\u2013S55 Published online 2020 May\\ 31","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"12999_CR4","unstructured":"Bancroft JD, Stevans A, Turner DR (1996) Theory and practice of\nhistopathological techniques, fourth edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh,\nLondon, Melbourne, New York"},{"key":"12999_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9255","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.15.9255","volume":"273","author":"JH Bauer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bauer JH, Liu K, You D, Lai Y, S. Y. and Goldsmith, M. A. (1998)\nHeteromerization of the \u03b3e chain with the interleukin-9\nreceptor alpha subunit leads to STAT activation and prevention of apoptosis. J.\nBiol. Chem. 273:9255\u20139260","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"12999_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blahova, J.; Modra, H.; Sevcikova, M.; Marsalek, P.; Zelnickova,\nL.; Skoric, M. and Svobodova, Z. (2014). Evaluation of biochemical,\nhaematological, and histopathological responses and recovery ability of common\ncarp (cyprinus carpio l.) after acute exposure to ATR herbicide. Bio. Med.\nResearch International, 1-8.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/980948"},{"issue":"9","key":"12999_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092113","volume":"20","author":"S Chakraborty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakraborty S, Kubatzky KF, Mitra DK (2019) An update on\ninterleukin-9 from its cellular source and signal transduction to its role in\nimmunopathogensis. Int J Mol Sci 20(9):2113","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"12999_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2013.777308","volume":"48","author":"JY Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen JY, Song Y, Zhang LS (2013) Immunotoxicity of atrazine in\nBalb\/c mice. J. Environ. Sci. Health, B 48:637\u2013645","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health, B"},{"key":"12999_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang Y, Ni C, Dong Y, Li H, Wu S, Li X, Lv Y, Huang T, Lian Q, Ge R\n(2018) In utero exposure to atrazine disrupts rat fetal testis development.\nFront Pharmacol 9:1391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.0139","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.0139"},{"key":"12999_CR10","unstructured":"Feldman BV, Zinkl JG, Jian NC (2000) Schalm\u2019s veterinary\nhematology, 5th edn. Lea & Fibiger, Philadelphia, pp\n1120\u20131124"},{"key":"12999_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao S, Wang Z, Zhang C, Jia L and Zhang Y. Oral exposure to\natrazine induces oxidative stress and calcium homeostasis disruption in spleen\nof mice oxidative medicine and cellular longevity volume 2016, Article ID\n7978219, 9 pages","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7978219"},{"key":"12999_CR12","first-page":"8","volume":"11","author":"HX Gao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gao HX, Shao SH, Wang GQ (2004) Research progress of radix\nglycyrrhizae. J. Jinggangshan Med. Coll. 11:8\u201311","journal-title":"J. Jinggangshan Med. Coll."},{"key":"12999_CR13","volume-title":"2020 effect of thymoquinone on acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in BALB\/c mice, Biomed research international volume","author":"L Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo L, Liu S, Yang Q, Liu H, Xu L, Hao Y, Qing X. 2020 effect of\nthymoquinone on acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in BALB\/c mice, Biomed\nresearch international volume 2020."},{"issue":"24","key":"12999_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i24.3781","volume":"19","author":"X Guo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guo X, Liang B, Wang X, Fan F, Jin J, Lan R, Yang J, Wang X, Jin L,\nCao Q (2013) Glycyrrhizic acid attenuates CCl4-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in\nrats via a p53-mediated pathway. World J. Gastroenterol.\n19(24):3781\u20133791","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"12999_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07833-1","volume":"7","author":"S Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han S, Sun L, He F, Che H (2017) Anti-allergic activity of\nglycyrrhizic acid on IgE-mediated allergic reaction by regulation of allergy\nrelated immune cells. Scientific Reports 7:7222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-07833-1","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"12999_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2018-0007","volume":"9","author":"G Kak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kak G, Raza M, Tiwari BK (2018) Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3): exploring\nits implications in infectious diseases. BioMol Concepts\n9:64\u201379","journal-title":"BioMol Concepts"},{"issue":"2","key":"12999_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056020","volume":"8","author":"R Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan R, Khan AQ, Lateef A, Rehman MU, Tahir M, Ali F, Hamiza OO,\nSultana S (2013) Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses the development of precancerous\nlesions via regulating the hyperproliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis and\napoptosis in the colon of Wistar rats. PLoS ONE 8(2):e56020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12999_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2011.155","volume":"19","author":"IN Lavrik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lavrik IN, Krammer PH (2012) Regulation of CD95\/Fas signaling at\nthe DISC. Cell Death Differ. 19:36\u201341","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"12999_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression\ndata using real-time quantitative PCR and the 22DDCT. Methods.\n25:402\u2013408","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"12999_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.028","volume":"96","author":"AM Morgan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morgan AM, Ibrahim MA, Hussien AM (2017) The potential protective\nrole of Akropower against Atrazine-induced humoral immunotoxicity in rabbits.\nBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 96:710\u2013715","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"34","key":"12999_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34924","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06604-x","volume":"26","author":"AM Morgan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morgan AM, Ibrahim MA, Hussien AM (2019) Glycyrrhizic acid\nmodulates the atrazine-induced apoptosis in rabbit spleen. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.\n26(34):34924\u201334930","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int."},{"key":"12999_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ocampo CL, G\u00f3mez-Verduzco G, Tapia-Perez G, Gutierrez OL, Sumano LH\n(2016) Effects of glycyrrhizic acid on productive and immune parameters of\nbroilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science \/ v.18 \/ n.3 \/\n435-442","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2015-0135"},{"key":"12999_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600865549","volume":"34","author":"G Pearse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pearse G (2006) Normal structure, function and histology of the\nthymus. Toxicol Pathol 34:504\u2013514","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"12999_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01948.x","volume":"113","author":"M Potestio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Potestio M, D\u2019Agostino P, Romano GC, Milano S, Ferlazzo V, Aquino\nA, Di Bella G, Caruso R, Gambino G, Vitale G (2004) CD41 CCR51 and CD41 CCR31\nlymphocyte subset and monocyte apoptosis in patients with acute visceral\nleishmaniasis. Immunology 113:260\u2013268","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"12999_CR25","first-page":"453","volume":"3","author":"M Ramesh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramesh M, Srinivasan R, Saravanan M (2009) Effect of atrazine\n(Herbicide) on blood parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii:\nCypriniformes) African Journal of. Environmental Science and Technology\n3(12):453\u2013458","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"12999_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/08923970701675044","volume":"30","author":"TJ Raphael","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raphael TJ, Kuttan G (2008) Effect of naturally occurring\ntriterpenoids ursolic acid and Glycyrrhizic acid on the cell-mediated immune\nresponses of metastatic tumor-bearing animals. Immunopharmacology and\nImmunotoxicology 30:243\u2013255","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology"},{"key":"12999_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)80045-4","volume":"11","author":"C Scaffidi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Scaffidi C, Kirchhoff S, Krammer PH, Peter ME (1999) Apoptosis\nsignaling in lymphocytes. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:277\u2013285","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"12999_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-017-0665-8","volume":"16","author":"S Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh S, Kumar V, Chauhan A, Datta S, Wani A, Singh N, Sing J\n(2018) Toxicity, degradation and analysis of the herbicide atrazine. Environ\nChem Lett 16:211\u2013237","journal-title":"Environ Chem Lett"},{"key":"12999_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(75)90123-4","volume":"32","author":"JC Street","year":"1975","unstructured":"Street JC, Sharma H (1975) Alteration of induced cellular and\nhumoral immune responses by pesticides and chemicals of environmental concern:\nquantitative studies of immunosuppression by DDT, Aroclor 1254, Carbaryl,\nCarbofuran and methyl parathion. Tox. Appl. Pharmacol.\n32:587\u2013602","journal-title":"Tox. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"12999_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00538-5","volume":"18","author":"J Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan J, Wu Y, Ji X, Huang L, Cai W, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H (2020) IL-9\nand IL-9-producing cells in tumor immunity. Cell Commun Signal 18:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-020-00538-5","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"10","key":"12999_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1700506","volume":"19","author":"B Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang B, Mao Y, Gong L, Xu X, Jiang S, Wang Y, Li W (2018)\nGlycyrrhizic acid activates chicken macrophages and enhances their\nSalmonella-killing capacity in vitro. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed &\nBiotechnol) 19(10):785\u2013795","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol)"},{"key":"12999_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu L, Jin W, Li X, and Zhang Y (2018) Optimization of bioactive\ningredient extraction from Chinese herbal medicine glycyrrhiza glabra: a\ncomparative study of three optimization models evidence-based complementary and\nalternative medicine, 13 pages.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6391414"},{"issue":"6","key":"12999_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0179861","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179861","volume":"12","author":"B Yuan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuan B, Liang S, Jin YX, Zhang MJ, Zhang JB, Kim NH (2017) Toxic\neffects of atrazine on porcine oocytes and possible mechanisms of action. PLoS\nONE. 12(6):e0179861","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"12999_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-117","volume":"9","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang M, Gao S, Ren R, Zheng J, Zhang Y (2011)\nAtrazine-induced apoptosis of splenocytes in BALB\/C mice. BMC Medicine\n9:117","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"12999_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155415610168","volume":"64","author":"H Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhao M, Wang Y, Li F, Zhang Z (2016) Glycyrrhizic acid\nprevents sepsis-induced acute lung injury and mortality in rats. Journal of\nHistochemistry & Cytochemistry 64(2):125\u2013137","journal-title":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"12999_CR36","first-page":"1163","volume":"44","author":"J Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao J, Liu J, Zhang M, Wu S (2018) Immunotoxicity of herbicide\natrazine and its effect on immune function of rats. Journal of Jilin University\nMedicine 44(6):1163\u20131168","journal-title":"Journal of Jilin University Medicine"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32102-w","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705708800000},"record-id":"53159"},{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32102-w","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705708800000}}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12999-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12999-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12999-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T14:10:52Z","timestamp":1706019052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12999-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["12999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12999-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-32102-w","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-32102-w","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The local ethics committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,\nCairo University, approved the design of the experiments and the\nprotocol.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}