{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:48:34Z","timestamp":1790873314527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13600-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:04:25Z","timestamp":1618963465000},"page":"45853-45866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of ambient air pollution on emergency room visits of children for acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi, India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Nagori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Lodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushil Kumar","family":"Kabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetika","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra Kumar","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal Kumar","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana Ram","family":"Jat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan P.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalaivani","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Mrigpuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randeep","family":"Guleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra Mohan","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupinder Singh","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"13600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-4935-3","volume":"114","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Jayaraman G, Anand S, Marimuthu P (2006) Assessing respiratory morbidity through pollution status and meteorological conditions for Delhi. Environ Monit Assess 114(1\u20133):489\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-006-4935-3","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"13600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-6-9","volume":"6","author":"SM Babin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Babin SM, Burkom HS, Holtry RS, Tabernero NR, Stokes LD, Davies-Cole JO, DeHaan K, Lee DH (2007) Pediatric patient asthma-related emergency department visits and admissions in Washington, DC, from 2001\u20132004, and associations with air quality, socio-economic status and age group. Environ Health 6:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069X-6-9","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"13600_CR3","unstructured":"Balakrishnan K, Ganguli B, Ghosh S, Sankar S, Thanasekaraan V, Rayudu VN, Caussy H, HEI Health Review Committee (2011) Part 1. Short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: results from a time-series analysis in Chennai, India. Res Rep Health Eff Inst (157):7\u201344"},{"key":"13600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3376-3","volume":"16","author":"R Bono","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bono R, Romanazzi V, Bellisario V, Tassinari R, Trucco G, Urbino A, Cassardo C, Siniscalco C, Marchetti P, Marcon A (2016) Air pollution, aeroallergens and admissions to pediatric emergency room for respiratory reasons in Turin, northwestern Italy. BMC Public Health 16:722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-3376-3","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"13600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00043709","volume":"35","author":"C Canova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Canova C, Torresan S, Simonato L, Scapellato ML, Tessari R, Visentin A, Lotti M, Maestrelli P (2010) Carbon monoxide pollution is associated with decreased lung function in asthmatic adults. Eur Respir J 35(2):266\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00043709","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"13600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9809042","volume":"159","author":"C Cassino","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cassino C, Ito K, Bader I, Ciotoli C, Thurston G, Reibman J (1999) Cigarette smoking and ozone-associated emergency department use for asthma by adults in New York City. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159(6):1773\u20131779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9809042","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR7","first-page":"58","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen H, Goldberg MS (2009) The effects of outdoor air pollution on chronic illnesses. McGill J Med MJM 12(1):58\u201364","journal-title":"McGill J Med MJM"},{"key":"13600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.07.003","volume":"118","author":"R Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen R, Huang W, Wong C-M, Wang Z, Thach TQ, Chen B, Kan H, CAPES Collaborative Group (2012) Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and daily mortality in 17 Chinese cities: the China air pollution and health effects study (CAPES). Environ Res 118:101\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2012.07.003","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20","volume":"7","author":"Z Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Z, Salam MT, Eckel SP, Breton CV, Gilliland FD (2015) Chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health in Southern California children: findings from the Southern California Children\u2019s Health Study. J Thorac Dis 7(1):46\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"13600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30100-6","volume":"1","author":"G Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen G, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Li D, Wei X, He Y, Bell ML, Williams G, Marks GB, Jalaludin B, Abramson MJ, Guo Y (2017a) Effects of ambient PM1 air pollution on daily emergency hospital visits in China: an epidemiological study. Lancet Planet Health 1(6):e221\u2013e229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30100-6","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"13600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.05.026","volume":"228","author":"G Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Li S, Williams G, Marks GB, Jalaludin B, Abramson MJ, Luo F, Yang D, Su X, Lin Q, Liu L, Lin J, Guo Y (2017b) Attributable risks of emergency hospital visits due to air pollutants in China: a multi-city study. Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987 228:43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.05.026","journal-title":"Environ Pollut Barking Essex"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1862OC","volume":"196","author":"R Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen R, Yin P, Meng X, Liu C, Wang L, Xu X, Ross JA, Tse LA, Zhao Z, Kan H, Zhou M (2017c) Fine particulate air pollution and daily mortality. A Nationwide Analysis in 272 Chinese Cities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196(1):73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201609-1862OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"13600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu234","volume":"180","author":"LA Darrow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, Mulholland JA, Tolbert PE, Strickland MJ (2014) Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0\u20134 years of age: an 18-year time-series study. Am J Epidemiol 180(10):968\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwu234","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"13600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032196","volume":"155","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delfino RJ, Murphy-Moulton AM, Burnett RT, Brook JR, Becklake MR (1997) Effects of air pollution on emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses in Montreal, Quebec. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155(2):568\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032196","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"13600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9141","volume":"114","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Gillen D, Tjoa T, Sioutas C, Fung K, George SC, Kleinman MT (2006) Personal and ambient air pollution is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 114(11):1736\u20131743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.9141","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"13600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5572\/ajae.2015.9.2.101","volume":"9\u20132","author":"AK Gorai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gorai AK, Goyal P (2015) A review on air quality indexing system. Asian J Atmospheric Environ 9\u20132:101\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5572\/ajae.2015.9.2.101","journal-title":"Asian J Atmospheric Environ"},{"key":"13600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30261-4","volume":"3","author":"India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Air Pollution Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Air Pollution Collaborators (2018) The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Planet Health 3:e26\u2013e39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30261-4","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"13600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.8.1060","volume":"81","author":"JJ Jaakkola","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jaakkola JJ, Paunio M, Virtanen M, Heinonen OP (1991) Low-level air pollution and upper respiratory infections in children. Am J Public Health 81(8):1060\u20131063","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"13600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayaraman G, Nidhi N (2008) Air pollution and associated respiratory morbidity in Delhi. Health Care Manag Sci 11(2):132\u2013138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-007-9050-7"},{"key":"13600_CR20","first-page":"563","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of machine learning","author":"X Jin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jin X, Han J (2010) K-Means Clustering. In: Sammut C, Webb GI (eds) Encyclopedia of machine learning. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 563\u2013564"},{"issue":"9","key":"13600_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5696\/2156-9614-5-9.47","volume":"5","author":"CN Kesavachandran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kesavachandran CN, Bihari V, Pangtey BS, Kamal R, Singh A, Srivastava AK (2015) Gender disparity in lung function abnormalities among a population exposed to particulate matter concentration in ambient air in the National Capital Region, India. J Health Pollut 5(9):47\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5696\/2156-9614-5-9.47","journal-title":"J Health Pollut"},{"key":"13600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.288","volume":"646","author":"R Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan R, Konishi S, Ng CFS, Umezaki M, Kabir AF, Tasmin S, Watanabe C (2019) Association between short-term exposure to fine particulate matter and daily emergency room visits at a cardiovascular hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 646:1030\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.288","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"13600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000463","volume":"24","author":"GC Khilnani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khilnani GC, Tiwari P (2018) Air pollution in India and related adverse respiratory health effects: past, present, and future directions. Curr Opin Pulm Med 24(2):108\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000463","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"13600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3200\/AEOH.62.2.75-80","volume":"62","author":"R Kumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kumar R, Nagar JK, Kumar H, Kushwah AS, Meena M, Kumar P, Raj N, Singhal MK, Gaur SN (2007) Association of indoor and outdoor air pollutant level with respiratory problems among children in an industrial area of Delhi, India. Arch Environ Occup Health 62(2):75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3200\/AEOH.62.2.75-80","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"13600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuo C-Y, Chan C-K, Wu C-Y, Phan D-V, Chan C-L (2019) The short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on childhood asthma hospitalization in Taiwan: a national study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16020203","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16020203"},{"issue":"9","key":"13600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02555.x","volume":"36","author":"SL Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee SL, Wong WHS, Lau YL (2006) Association between air pollution and asthma admission among children in Hong Kong. Clin Exp Allergy J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol 36(9):1138\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02555.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy J Br Soc Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"13600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117621","volume":"234","author":"Y Liao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao Y, Sun J, Qian Z(M), Mei S, Li Y, Lu Y, SE MM, Lin H, Lang L (2020) Modification by seasonal influenza and season on the association between ambient air pollution and child respiratory diseases in Shenzhen, China. Atmos Environ 234:117621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117621","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"13600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1999.00210.x","volume":"13","author":"CA Lin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lin CA, Martins MA, Farhat SC, Pope CA, Concei\u00e7\u00e3o GM, Anast\u00e1cio VM, Hatanaka M, Andrade WC, Hamaue WR, B\u00f6hm GM, Saldiva PH (1999) Air pollution and respiratory illness of children in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 13(4):475\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1999.00210.x","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.1.50","volume":"57","author":"M Lin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin M, Chen Y, Burnett R, Villeneuve P, Krewski D (2003) Effect of short-term exposure to gaseous pollution on asthma hospitalisation in children: a bi-directional case-crossover analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 57(1):50\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.57.1.50","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"13600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120903456810","volume":"20","author":"C Linares","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linares C, Diaz J (2010) Short-term effect of PM(2.5) on daily hospital admissions in Madrid (2003-2005). Int J Environ Health Res 20(2):129\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603120903456810","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"13600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp11813","volume":"117","author":"L Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu L, Poon R, Chen L, Frescura A-M, Montuschi P, Ciabattoni G, Wheeler A, Dales R (2009) Acute effects of air pollution on pulmonary function, airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in asthmatic children. Environ Health Perspect 117(4):668\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp11813","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"13600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2012.701246","volume":"68","author":"H-Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu H-Y, Bartonova A, Schindler M, Sharma M, Behera SN, Katiyar K, Dikshit O (2013) Respiratory disease in relation to outdoor air pollution in Kanpur, India. Arch Environ Occup Health 68(4):204\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19338244.2012.701246","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"13600_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.029","volume":"227","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xie S, Yu Q, Huo X, Ming X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Peng Z, Zhang H, Cui X, Xiang H, Huang X, Zhou T, Chen W, Shi T (2017) Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yichang city, China. Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987 227:116\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.029","journal-title":"Environ Pollut Barking Essex"},{"key":"13600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113638","volume":"1987","author":"P Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu P, Zhang Y, Lin J, Xia G, Zhang W, Knibbs LD, Morgan GG, Jalaludin B, Marks G, Abramson M, Li S, Guo Y (2019) Multi-city study on air pollution and hospital outpatient visits for asthma in China. Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987:113638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113638","journal-title":"Environ Pollut Barking Essex"},{"key":"13600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.11.044","volume":"150","author":"S Maji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maji S, Ahmed S, Siddiqui WA, Ghosh S (2017) Short term effects of criteria air pollutants on daily mortality in Delhi, India. Atmos Environ 150:210\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.11.044","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"13600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2018.1487045","volume":"28","author":"S Maji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maji S, Ghosh S, Ahmed S (2018) Association of air quality with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity rate in Delhi, India. Int J Environ Health Res 28(5):471\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2018.1487045","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"13600_CR37","first-page":"138","volume":"44","author":"M Mansourian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mansourian M, Javanmard SH, Poursafa P, Kelishadi R (2010) Air pollution and hospitalization for respiratory diseases among children in Isfahan, Iran. Ghana Med J 44(4):138\u2013143","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR38","first-page":"13","volume":"44","author":"JN Pande","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pande JN, Bhatta N, Biswas D, Pandey RM, Ahluwalia G, Siddaramaiah NH, Khilnani GC (2002) Outdoor air pollution and emergency room visits at a hospital in Delhi. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 44(1):13\u201320","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"13600_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10398","volume":"37","author":"A Preutthipan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preutthipan A, Udomsubpayakul U, Chaisupamongkollarp T, Pentamwa P (2004) Effect of PM10 pollution in Bangkok on children with and without asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 37(3):187\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.10398","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003027","volume":"17","author":"J Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi J, Ruan Z, Qian ZM, Yin P, Yang Y, Acharya BK, Wang L, Lin H (2020) Potential gains in life expectancy by attaining daily ambient fine particulate matter pollution standards in mainland China: a modeling study based on nationwide data. PLoS Med 17(1):e1003027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003027","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"13600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2003.11.003","volume":"30","author":"Z Qian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qian Z, Chapman RS, Hu W, Wei F, Korn LR, Zhang J(J) (2004) Using air pollution based community clusters to explore air pollution health effects in children. Environ Int 30(5):611\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2003.11.003","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"13600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.60.4.481","volume":"60","author":"Z Qian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qian Z, Lin H-M, Stewart WF, Kong L, Xu F, Zhou D, Zhu Z, Liang S, Chen W, Shah N, Stetter C, He Q (2010) Seasonal pattern of the acute mortality effects of air pollution. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1995 60(4):481\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3155\/1047-3289.60.4.481","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manage Assoc"},{"key":"13600_CR43","unstructured":"Rajarathnam U, Sehgal M, Nairy S, Patnayak RC, Chhabra SK, null K, KVS R, HEI Health Review Committee (2011) Part 2. Time-series study on air pollution and mortality in Delhi. Res Rep Health Eff Inst (157):47\u201374"},{"key":"13600_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Roa NY, Blanco-Becerra LC, Herrera-Galindo VM, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ni\u00f1o JA (2018) Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory and circulatory morbidity in Colombia 2011\u22122014: a multi-city, time-series analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15081610","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081610"},{"issue":"3","key":"13600_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11030677","volume":"11","author":"C Segala","year":"1998","unstructured":"Segala C, Fauroux B, Just J, Pascual L, Grimfeld A, Neukirch F (1998) Short-term effect of winter air pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic children in Paris. Eur Respir J 11(3):677\u2013685","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1365-7","volume":"15","author":"A Sinha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sinha A, Desiraju K, Aggarwal K, Kutum R, Roy S, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Ghosh B, Sethi T, Agrawal A (2017) Exhaled breath condensate metabolome clusters for endotype discovery in asthma. J Transl Med 15(1):262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-017-1365-7","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0716-3","volume":"18","author":"J Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song J, Lu M, Zheng L, Liu Y, Xu P, Li Y, Xu D, Wu W (2018) Acute effects of ambient air pollution on outpatient children with respiratory diseases in Shijiazhuang, China. BMC Pulm Med 18(1):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0716-3","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"13600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.9.760","volume":"52","author":"J Sunyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sunyer J, Spix C, Qu\u00e9nel P, Ponce-de-Le\u00f3n A, P\u00f6nka A, Barumandzadeh T, Touloumi G, Bacharova L, Wojtyniak B, Vonk J, Bisanti L, Schwartz J, Katsouyanni K (1997) Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma in four European cities: the APHEA Project. Thorax 52(9):760\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.52.9.760","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"13600_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tapia V, Steenland K, Sarnat SE, Vu B, Liu Y, S\u00e1nchez-Ccoyllo O, Vasquez V, Gonzales GF (2019) Time-series analysis of ambient PM2.5 and cardiorespiratory emergency room visits in Lima, Peru during 2010-2016. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-019-0189-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-019-0189-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21154-x","volume":"8","author":"Y Tian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tian Y, Xiang X, Juan J, Song J, Cao Y, Huang C, Li M, Hu Y (2018) Short-term effect of ambient ozone on daily emergency room visits in Beijing, China. Sci Rep 8(1):2775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21154-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"13600_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002738","volume":"16","author":"Y Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian Y, Liu H, Si Y, Cao Y, Song J, Li M, Wu Y, Wang X, Xiang X, Juan J, Chen L, Wei C, Gao P, Hu Y (2019) Association between temperature variability and daily hospital admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular disease in urban China: a national time-series study. PLoS Med 16(1):e1002738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002738","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"13600_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500625","volume":"17","author":"PE Tolbert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tolbert PE, Klein M, Peel JL, Sarnat SE, Sarnat JA (2007) Multipollutant modeling issues in a study of ambient air quality and emergency department visits in Atlanta. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17(Suppl 2):S29\u2013S35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jes.7500625","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"13600_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-6-40","volume":"6","author":"PJ Villeneuve","year":"2007","unstructured":"Villeneuve PJ, Chen L, Rowe BH, Coates F (2007) Outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma among children and adults: a case-crossover study in northern Alberta, Canada. Environ Health 6:40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069X-6-40","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"13600_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08050723","volume":"8","author":"E Von Mutius","year":"1995","unstructured":"Von Mutius E, Sherrill DL, Fritzsch C, Martinez FD, Lebowitz MD (1995) Air pollution and upper respiratory symptoms in children from East Germany. Eur Respir J 8(5):723\u2013728","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"13600_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-109","volume":"13","author":"M Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu M, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Westerdahl D, Mo Y, Liang F, Pan X (2014) Spatiotemporal analysis of particulate air pollution and ischemic heart disease mortality in Beijing, China. Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source 13:109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069X-13-109","journal-title":"Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source"},{"issue":"4","key":"13600_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153099","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153099","volume":"11","author":"Q Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu Q, Li X, Wang S, Wang C, Huang F, Gao Q, Wu L, Tao L, Guo J, Wang W, Guo X (2016) Fine particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for respiratory disease in urban areas in Beijing, China, in 2013. PLoS One 11(4):e0153099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153099","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"13600_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yang Y, Li Y, Qian ZM, Xiao W, Wang X, Rolling CA, Liu E, Xiao J, Zeng W, Liu T, Li X, Yao Z, Wang H, Ma W, Lin H (2019) Short-term and long-term effects of PM2.5 on acute nasopharyngitis in 10 communities of Guangdong, China. Sci Total Environ 688:136\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.470"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13600-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13600-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13600-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T18:00:04Z","timestamp":1671904804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13600-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["13600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13600-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.11.17.20223701","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards at respective institutions (All India Institute of Medical Sciences Institute ethics committee (Ref IEC\/88\/09.12.2015, RP-22\/2015) and Kalawati Saran Children Hospital (LHMC\/ECHR\/2016\/02)). The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All necessary participant\/guardian consent has been obtained prior to participation in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication was obtained from the parent\/guardian of the participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}