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This study was conducted to assess the association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in the three big cities in South Africa and to determine the susceptible groups thereof. Cause-specific mortality data for all ages and PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    , NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg for the period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 were obtained. Statistical analyses were done to estimate the associations between air pollutants and cause-specific mortality. Susceptibility was therefore investigated in stratified analyses by sex and age (\u226560 years) and environmental conditions (heat and cold) followed by models with interaction terms. Our estimates showed independent associations between these air pollutants, environmental conditions, and susceptible groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13778-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T23:28:01Z","timestamp":1617751681000},"page":"42868-42876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg, South Africa: any susceptible groups?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nomsa Duduzile Lina","family":"Thabethe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuku","family":"Voyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"13778_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.57","volume":"26","author":"BA Alhanti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alhanti BA, Chang HH, Winquist A, Mulholland JA, Darrow LA, Sarnat SE (2016) Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma: a multi-city assessment of effect modification by age. 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Approval from the University of Pretoria Ethics Committee to conduct a research project with the 2004 to 2008 Johannesburg mortality data was obtained (Ethics reference number 101\/2013). Statistics South Africa supplied anonymous cause-specific mortality data of Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg for the period 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}