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Some cases are associated with the fact that Al is a neurotoxic substance that has been found in high levels in the brain tissues of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), epilepsy, and autism patients. Other cases are related to infants, especially premature infants and ones with renal failure, who are at the risk of developing the central nervous system (CNS) and bone toxicity. This risk is a result of infants\u2019 exposure to Al from milk formulas, intravenous-feeding solutions, and possibly from aluminum-containing vaccinations. Furthermore, most antiperspirants contain\u00a0 aluminum compounds that raise human exposure to toxic Al. This review paper is intended to discuss in detail the above concerns associated with aluminum, and hence urges the need for more studies exploring the effects of overexposure to Al and recommending mitigation actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14700-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T10:03:49Z","timestamp":1625133829000},"page":"44587-44597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Aluminum environmental pollution: the silent killer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Reema H.","family":"Alasfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9590-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima J.","family":"Isaifan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"14700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2019.1704939","volume":"70","author":"H Al-Thani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Thani H, Ko\u00e7 M, Fountoukis C, Isaifan RJ (2020) Evaluation of particulate matter emissions from non-passenger diesel vehicles in Qatar. 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