{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:54:16Z","timestamp":1793364856879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14923-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T07:55:33Z","timestamp":1634111733000},"page":"16233-16249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Temporal variations, regional contribution, and cluster analyses of ozone and NOx in a middle eastern megacity during summertime over 2017\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Zohdirad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Montazeri Namin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khosro","family":"Ashrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebnem","family":"Aksoyoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Stephan Henry","family":"Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"14923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.032","volume":"429","author":"JA Adame","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adame JA, Notario A, Villanueva F, Albaladejo J (2012) Application of cluster analysis to surface ozone, NO2 and SO2 daily patterns in an industrial area in Central-Southern Spain measured with a DOAS system. Sci Total Environ 429:281\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.032","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR2","unstructured":"Ahadi S, Roshani M, Shahbazi H, and Bateni Z\u00a0 (2019) Ozone status report in Tehran city. Tehran Air Quality Control Company (AQCC)"},{"key":"14923_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.07.003","volume":"141","author":"O Alizadeh-Choobari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alizadeh-Choobari O, Bidokhti AA, Ghafarian P, Najafi MS (2016) Temporal and spatial variations of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the urban area of Tehran. Atmos Environ 141:443\u2013453","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32970","volume":"6","author":"H Amini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amini H, Taghavi-Shahri S-M, Henderson SB, Hosseini V, Hassankhany H, Naderi M, Ahadi S, Schindler C, K\u00fcnzli N, Yunesian M (2016) Annual and seasonal spatial models for nitrogen oxides in Tehran, Iran. Sci Rep 6:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep32970","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"14923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.027","volume":"226","author":"H Amini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amini H, Hosseini V, Schindler C, Hassankhany H, Yunesian M, Henderson SB, K\u00fcnzli N (2017) Spatiotemporal description of BTEX volatile organic compounds in a Middle Eastern megacity: Tehran Study of Exposure Prediction for Environmental Health Research (Tehran SEPEHR). Environ Pollut 226:219\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.027","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"14923_CR6","first-page":"706","volume":"28","author":"J-L An","year":"2007","unstructured":"An J-L, Wang Y-S, Li X, Sun Y, Shen S-H, Shi L-Q (2007) Analysis of the relationship between NO, NO2 and O3 concentrations in Beijing. Huanjing KexueEnvironmental Sci 28:706\u2013711","journal-title":"Huanjing KexueEnvironmental Sci"},{"key":"14923_CR7","unstructured":"Anderberg MR (2014) Cluster analysis for applications: probability and mathematical statistics: a series of monographs and textbooks. Academic press"},{"key":"14923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1504\/IJPQM.2013.055553","volume":"12","author":"A Azadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Azadeh A, Sheikhalishahi M, Saberi M, Mostaghimi MH (2013) An intelligent multivariate approach for optimum forecasting of daily ozone concentration in large metropolitans with incomplete inputs. Int J Product Qual Manag 12:209\u2013225","journal-title":"Int J Product Qual Manag"},{"key":"14923_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101988","volume":"54","author":"V Barzeghar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barzeghar V, Sarbakhsh P, Hassanvand MS, Faridi S, Gholampour A (2020) Long-term trend of ambient air PM10, PM2. 5, and O3 and their health effects in Tabriz city, Iran, during 2006\u20132017. Sustain Cities Soc 54:101988","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"14923_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108547","volume":"176","author":"R Bayat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Shafiepour Motlagh M, Hassanvand MS, Daroudi R, Fink G, K\u00fcnzli N (2019) Health impact and related cost of ambient air pollution in Tehran. Environ Res 176:108547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108547","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"14923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.02.012","volume":"106","author":"Y Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi Y, Souri AH (2015) Seasonal behavior and long-term trends of tropospheric ozone, its precursors and chemical conditions over Iran: a view from space. Atmos Environ 106:232\u2013240","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(01)00378-8","volume":"35","author":"LJ Clapp","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clapp LJ, Jenkin ME (2001) Analysis of the relationship between ambient levels of O3, NO2 and NO as a function of NOx in the UK. Atmos Environ 35:6391\u20136405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(01)00378-8","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1126\/science.186.4168.1037","volume":"186","author":"WS Cleveland","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cleveland WS, Graedel TE, Kleiner B, Warner JL (1974) Sunday and workday variations in photochemical air pollutants in New Jersey and New York. Science 186:1037\u20131038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.186.4168.1037","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"14923_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-014-3783-9","volume":"186","author":"D Dom\u00ednguez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez-L\u00f3pez D, Adame JA, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ceballos MA, Vaca F, De la Morena BA, Bol\u00edvar JP (2014) Spatial and temporal variation of surface ozone, NO and NO2 at urban, suburban, rural and industrial sites in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Environ Monit Assess 186:5337\u20135351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-014-3783-9","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"14923_CR15","unstructured":"EPA (1998) Guideline on data handling conventions for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS."},{"key":"14923_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.04.059","volume":"103","author":"K Ezimand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ezimand K, Kakroodi AA (2019) Prediction and spatio\u2013temporal analysis of ozone concentration in a metropolitan area. Ecol Indic 103:589\u2013598","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"14923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20922","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7258-0","volume":"23","author":"RF Fard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fard RF, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nodehi RN, Dehghani MH, Hassanvand MS (2016) The assessment of health impacts and external costs of natural gas-fired power plant of Qom. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:20922\u201320936","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"14923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.026","volume":"114","author":"S Faridi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, K\u00fcnzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, Malkawi M, Momeniha F, Gholampour A, Hassanvand MS (2018) Long-term trends and health impact of PM2. 5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006\u20132015. Environ Int 114:37\u201349","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"14923_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.099","volume":"603","author":"W Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao W, Tie X, Xu J, Huang R, Mao X, Zhou G, Chang L (2017) Long-term trend of O3 in a mega City (Shanghai), China: characteristics, causes, and interactions with precursors. Sci Total Environ 603:425\u2013433","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.11.017","volume":"177","author":"JS Garc\u00eda-Yee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Yee JS, Torres-Jard\u00f3n R, Barrera-Huertas H, Castro T, Peralta O, Garc\u00eda M, Guti\u00e9rrez W, Robles M, Torres-Jaramillo JA, Ort\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez A, Ruiz-Su\u00e1rez LG (2018) Characterization of NOx-Ox relationships during daytime interchange of air masses over a mountain pass in the Mexico City megalopolis. Atmos Environ 177:100\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.11.017","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.05.045","volume":"42","author":"F Geng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geng F, Tie X, Xu J, Zhou G, Peng L, Gao W, Tang X, Zhao C (2008) Characterizations of ozone, NOx, and VOCs measured in Shanghai, China. Atmos Environ 42:6873\u20136883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.05.045","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.04.039","volume":"75","author":"R Givehchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Givehchi R, Arhami M, Tajrishy M (2013) Contribution of the Middle Eastern dust source areas to PM10 levels in urban receptors: case study of Tehran, Iran. Atmos Environ 75:287\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.04.039","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hadei M, Yarahmadi M, Jonidi Jafari A, Farhadi M, Hashemi Nazari SS, Emam B, Namvar Z, Shahsavani A (2019) Effects of meteorological variables and holidays on the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO in Tehran (2014-2018). Journal of Air Pollution and Health 4(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/japh.v4i1.599","DOI":"10.18502\/japh.v4i1.599"},{"key":"14923_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2017.09.005","volume":"9","author":"Y Hajizadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hajizadeh Y, Mokhtari M, Faraji M, Mohammadi A, Nemati S, Ghanbari R, Abdolahnejad A, Fard RF, Nikoonahad A, Jafari N, Miri M (2018) Trends of BTEX in the central urban area of Iran: a preliminary study of photochemical ozone pollution and health risk assessment. Atmospheric Pollut Res 9:220\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apr.2017.09.005","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollut Res"},{"key":"14923_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2010.07.0055","volume":"11","author":"S Han","year":"2011","unstructured":"Han S, Bian H, Feng Y, Liu A, Li X, Zeng F, Zhang X (2011) Analysis of the relationship between O3, NO and NO2 in Tianjin, China. Aerosol Air Qual Res 11:128\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4209\/aaqr.2010.07.0055","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"14923_CR26","volume-title":"State of global air 2019","author":"Health Effects Institute (HEI)","year":"2019","unstructured":"Health Effects Institute (HEI) (2019) State of global air 2019. Special report., Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA"},{"key":"14923_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1080\/00210862.2016.1241587","volume":"49","author":"V Hosseini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosseini V, Shahbazi H (2016) Urban air pollution in Iran. Iran Stud 49:1029\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00210862.2016.1241587","journal-title":"Iran Stud"},{"key":"14923_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-0944-3","volume":"165","author":"F Hosseinibalam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hosseinibalam F, Hassanzadeh S, Alizadeh R (2010) Analysis and assessment of ground-level ozone measured at two stations in Tehran. Environ Monit Assess 165:275\u2013281","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"14923_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.12.046","volume":"70","author":"X-M Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu X-M, Klein PM, Xue M, Zhang F, Doughty DC, Forkel R, Joseph E, Fuentes JD (2013) Impact of the vertical mixing induced by low-level jets on boundary layer ozone concentration. Atmos Environ 70:123\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.12.046","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.05.026","volume":"180","author":"A Karimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karimi A, Shirmardi M, Hadei M, Birgani YT, Neisi A, Takdastan A, Goudarzi G (2019) Concentrations and health effects of short-and long-term exposure to PM2. 5, NO2, and O3 in ambient air of Ahvaz city, Iran (2014\u20132017). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 180:542\u2013548","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"14923_CR31","first-page":"58","volume":"8","author":"N Khanjani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khanjani N, Ranadeh Kalankesh L, Mansouri F (2012) Air pollution and respiratory deaths in Kerman, Iran (from 2006 till 2010). Iran J Epidemiol 8:58\u201365","journal-title":"Iran J Epidemiol"},{"key":"14923_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(88)90187-X","volume":"50","author":"SV Krupa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Krupa SV, Manning WJ (1988) Atmospheric ozone: formation and effects on vegetation. Environ Pollut 50:101\u2013137","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"14923_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-012-0656-z","volume":"132","author":"J-S Landry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landry J-S, Neilson ET, Kurz WA, Percy KE (2013) The impact of tropospheric ozone on landscape-level merchantable biomass and ecosystem carbon in Canadian forests. Eur J For Res 132:71\u201381","journal-title":"Eur J For Res"},{"key":"14923_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(95)00407-6","volume":"30","author":"DS Lee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lee DS, Holland MR, Falla N (1996) The potential impact of ozone on materials in the UK. Atmos Environ 30:1053\u20131065","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11030295","volume":"11","author":"H Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin H, Wang M, Duan Y, Fu Q, Ji W, Cui H, Jin D, Lin Y, Hu K (2020) O3 Sensitivity and contributions of different NMHC sources in O3 formation at urban and suburban sites in Shanghai. Atmosphere 11:295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos11030295","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"14923_CR36","first-page":"775","volume":"20","author":"M Masoudi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Masoudi M, Behzadi F, Sakhaei M (2014) Status and prediction of ozone as an air pollutant in Tehran, Iran. Ecol Environ Conserv 20:775\u2013780","journal-title":"Ecol Environ Conserv"},{"key":"14923_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.09.030","volume":"63","author":"I Mavroidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mavroidis I, Ilia M (2012) Trends of NOx, NO2 and O3 concentrations at three different types of air quality monitoring stations in Athens, Greece. Atmos Environ 63:135\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.09.030","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.01.029","volume":"39","author":"NA Mazzeo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mazzeo NA, Venegas LE, Choren H (2005) Analysis of NO, NO2, O3 and NOx concentrations measured at a green area of Buenos Aires City during wintertime. Atmos Environ 39:3055\u20133068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.01.029","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(96)00127-6","volume":"31","author":"IG McKendry","year":"1997","unstructured":"McKendry IG, Steyn DG, Lundgren J, Hoff RM, Strapp W, Anlauf K, Froude F, Martin JB, Banta RM, Olivier LD (1997) Elevated ozone layers and vertical down-mixing over the Lower Fraser Valley, BC. Atmos Environ 31:2135\u20132146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(96)00127-6","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR40","first-page":"217","volume":"18","author":"V Mehdipour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehdipour V, Memarianfard M (2019) Temporal prediction of tropospheric ozone considering photochemical precursors and meteorological parameters. Modares Civ Eng J 18:217\u2013226","journal-title":"Modares Civ Eng J"},{"key":"14923_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.07.039","volume":"151","author":"M Miri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miri M, Derakhshan Z, Allahabadi A, Ahmadi E, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Aval HE (2016) Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis, Iran. The AirQ model approach. Environ Res 151:451\u2013457","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"14923_CR42","first-page":"9610","volume":"7","author":"N Mirzaei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirzaei N, Arfaeinia H, Moradi M, Mohammadi Moghadam F, Velayati A, Sharafi K (2015) The statistical analysis of seasonal and time variations on trend of important air pollutants (SO2, O3, NOx, CO, PM10)-in western Iran: a case study. Int J Pharm Technol 7:9610\u20139622","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"14923_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2015.07.0434","volume":"16","author":"A Mohammadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohammadi A, Azhdarpoor A, Shahsavani A, Tabatabaee H (2015) Investigating the health effects of exposure to criteria pollutants using AirQ2. 2.3 in Shiraz, Iran. Aerosol Air Qual Res 16:1035\u20131043","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"14923_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1735-2746-9-28","volume":"9","author":"K Naddafi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naddafi K, Hassanvand MS, Yunesian M, Momeniha F, Nabizadeh R, Faridi S, Gholampour A (2012) Health impact assessment of air pollution in megacity of Tehran, Iran. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 9:28","journal-title":"Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng"},{"key":"14923_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.10.008","volume":"104\u2013105","author":"A Notario","year":"2012","unstructured":"Notario A, Bravo I, Adame JA, D\u00edaz-de-Mera Y, Aranda A, Rodr\u00edguez A, Rodr\u00edguez D (2012) Analysis of NO, NO2, NOx, O3 and oxidant (OX=O3+NO2) levels measured in a metropolitan area in the southwest of Iberian Peninsula. Atmos Res 104\u2013105:217\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.10.008","journal-title":"Atmos Res"},{"key":"14923_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-1187-2005","volume":"5","author":"C Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez C, Mathis H, Furger M, Henne S, H\u00fcglin C, Staehelin J, Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t ASH (2005) Changes of daily surface ozone maxima in Switzerland in all seasons from 1992 to 2002 and discussion of summer 2003. Atmos Chem Phys 5:1187\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-5-1187-2005","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"14923_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pay MT, P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda Pando C, Guevara M, Jorba O, Napelenok S, Querol X (2020) Unravelling the Origin of High Ozone Concentrations in Southwestern Europe. Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI ITM 2018 Springer Proceedings in Complexity Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22055-6_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22055-6_3"},{"key":"14923_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00308-3","volume":"35","author":"V Pont","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pont V, Fontan J (2001) Comparison between weekend and weekday ozone concentration in large cities in France. Atmos Environ 35:1527\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00308-3","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.01.035","volume":"38","author":"Y Qin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qin Y, Tonnesen GS, Wang Z (2004) Weekend\/weekday differences of ozone, NOx, Co, VOCs, PM10 and the light scatter during ozone season in southern California. Atmos Environ 38:3069\u20133087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.01.035","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2011.07.0102","volume":"12","author":"Y Sadanaga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sadanaga Y, Sengen M, Takenaka N, Bandow H (2012) Analyses of the ozone weekend effect in Tokyo, Japan: regime of oxidant (O3 + NO2) production. Aerosol Air Qual Res 12:161\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4209\/aaqr.2011.07.0102","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"14923_CR51","unstructured":"Seinfeld JH and Pandis SN (2016) Atmospheric Chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"14923_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s40825-015-0031-x","volume":"2","author":"H Shahbazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shahbazi H, Reyhanian M, Hosseini V, Afshin H (2016) The relative contributions of mobile sources to air pollutant emissions in Tehran, Iran: an Emission Inventory Approach. Emiss Control Sci Technol 2:44\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40825-015-0031-x","journal-title":"Emiss Control Sci Technol"},{"key":"14923_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.08.001","volume":"57","author":"H Shahbazi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahbazi H, Ganjiazad R, Hosseini V, Hamedi M (2017) Investigating the influence of traffic emission reduction plans on Tehran air quality using WRF\/CAMx modeling tools. Transp Res Part Transp Environ 57:484\u2013495","journal-title":"Transp Res Part Transp Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shamsipour M, Hassanvand MS, Gohari K, Yunesian M, Fotouhi A, Naddafi K, Sheidaei A, Faridi S, Akhlaghi AA, Rabiei K, Mehdipour P, Mahdavi M, Amini H, Farzadfar F (2019) National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016. Environ Pollut 255(113173). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113173"},{"key":"14923_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00345-8","volume":"33","author":"S Sillman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sillman S (1999) The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments. Atmos Environ 33:1821\u20131845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00345-8","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solberg S, Hov \u00d8, S\u00f8vde A, Isaksen ISA, Coddeville P, De Backer H, Forster C, Orsolini Y, Uhse K (2008) European surface ozone in the extreme summer 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113(D7)","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009098"},{"key":"14923_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-3063-2013","volume":"13","author":"DS Stevenson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevenson DS, Young PJ, Naik V, Lamarque J-F, Shindell DT, Voulgarakis A, Skeie RB, Dalsoren SB, Myhre G, Berntsen TK (2013) Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). Atmos Chem Phys 13:3063\u20133085","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"14923_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-008-0088-2","volume":"51","author":"W Tang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tang W, Zhao C, Geng F, Peng L, Zhou G, Gao W, Xu J, Tie X (2008) Study of ozone \u201cweekend effect\u201d in Shanghai. Sci China Ser D Earth Sci 51:1354\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11430-008-0088-2","journal-title":"Sci China Ser D Earth Sci"},{"key":"14923_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-6099-2007","volume":"7","author":"OA Tarasova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tarasova OA, Brenninkmeijer CAM, J\u00f6ckel P, Zvyagintsev AM, Kuznetsov GI (2007) A climatology of surface ozone in the extra tropics: cluster analysis of observations and model results. Atmos Chem Phys 7:6099\u20136117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-7-6099-2007","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"14923_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2019.11.015","volume":"11","author":"S Torbatian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torbatian S, Hoshyaripour A, Shahbazi H, Hosseini V (2020) Air pollution trends in Tehran and their anthropogenic drivers. Atmospheric Pollut Res 11:429\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apr.2019.11.015","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollut Res"},{"key":"14923_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-009-0137-5","volume":"52","author":"X Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang X, Li J, Zhang Y, Xie S, Tang X (2009a) Ozone source attribution during a severe photochemical smog episode in Beijing, China. Sci China Ser B Chem 52:1270\u20131280","journal-title":"Sci China Ser B Chem"},{"key":"14923_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10919","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-10919-2017","volume":"17","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang H, Guo H, Lyu X, Cheng H, Ling Z, Louie PK, Simpson IJ, Meinardi S, Blake DR (2017) Long-term O3\u2013precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation. Atmos Chem Phys 17:10919\u201310935","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"14923_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2009.01.004","volume":"24","author":"YQ Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang YQ, Zhang XY, Draxler RR (2009b) TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data. Environ Model Softw 24:938\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2009.01.004","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"14923_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.047","volume":"551\u2013552","author":"M Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie M, Zhu K, Wang T, Chen P, Han Y, Li S, Zhuang B, Shu L (2016) Temporal characterization and regional contribution to O3 and NOx at an urban and a suburban site in Nanjing, China. Sci Total Environ 551\u2013552:533\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.047","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"14923_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xue LK, Wang T, Gao J, Ding AJ, Zhou XH, Blake DR, Wang XF, Saunders SM, Fan SJ, and Zuo HC (2014) Ground-level ozone in four Chinese cities: precursors, regional transport and heterogeneous processes, Atmospheric Chem. Phys., 14, 13175\u201313188. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-14-13175-2014","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-13175-2014"},{"key":"14923_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56578-6","volume":"10","author":"F Yousefian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousefian F, Faridi S, Azimi F, Aghaei M, Shamsipour M, Yaghmaeian K, Hassanvand MS (2020) Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012\u20132017. Sci Rep 10:292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-56578-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"14923_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40201-015-0218-7","volume":"13","author":"SM Zarandi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zarandi SM, Alimohammadi M, Moghaddam VK, Hasanvand MS, Miranzadeh MB, Rabbani D, Mostafaii GR, Sarsangi V, Hajiketabi S, Tehrani AM (2015) Long-term trends of Nitrogen oxides and surface ozone concentrations in Tehran city, 2002\u20132011. J Environ Health Sci Eng 13:63","journal-title":"J Environ Health Sci Eng"},{"key":"14923_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.03.025","volume":"42","author":"YH Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang YH, Hu M, Zhong LJ, Wiedensohler A, Liu SC, Andreae MO, Wang W, Fan SJ (2008) Regional integrated experiments on air quality over Pearl River Delta 2004 (PRIDE-PRD2004): overview. Atmos Environ 42:6157\u20136173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.03.025","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14923-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14923-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14923-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:44:55Z","timestamp":1673484295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14923-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["14923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14923-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}