{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:04:57Z","timestamp":1785197097101,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14947-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T07:02:51Z","timestamp":1624258971000},"page":"60095-60110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Vertical environmental protection pressure, fiscal pressure, and local environmental regulations: evidence from China\u2019s industrial sulfur dioxide treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6913-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po","family":"Kou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.91.4.877","volume":"91","author":"W Antweiler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Antweiler W, Copeland BR, Taylor MS (2001) Is free trade good for the environment? Am Econ Rev 91(4):877\u2013908","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"14947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-018-0269-1","volume":"73","author":"J Bai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bai J, Lu J, Li S (2018) Fiscal pressure, tax competition and environmental pollution. Environ Resour Econ 73(2):431\u2013447","journal-title":"Environ Resour Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR3","first-page":"38","volume":"29","author":"G Bao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bao G, Guan B (2019) Does fiscal pressure reduce the environmental governance efficiency of local governments. China Popul, Resour Environ 29(4):38\u201348 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"China Popul, Resour Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2004.09.001","volume":"50","author":"RA Becker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Becker RA (2005) Air pollution abatement costs under the Clean Air Act: evidence from the PACE survey. J Environ Econ Manag 50(1):144\u2013169","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"14947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11127-012-9916-1","volume":"156","author":"T Bernauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bernauer T, Koubi V (2012) Are bigger governments better providers of public goods? Evidence from air pollution. Public Choice 156(3-4):593\u2013609","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"key":"14947_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2015.01.002","volume":"76","author":"H Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai H, Chen Y, Gong Q (2016) Polluting thy neighbor: unintended consequences of China\u2019s pollution reduction mandates. J Environ Econ Manag 76:86\u2013104","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2012.04.011","volume":"23","author":"E Caldeira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caldeira E (2012) Yardstick competition in a federation: theory and evidence from China. China Econ Rev 23(4):878\u2013897","journal-title":"China Econ Rev"},{"issue":"33","key":"14947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41928","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10046-1","volume":"27","author":"Y Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao Y, Liu J, Yu Y, Wei G (2020) Impact of environmental regulation on green growth in China\u2019s manufacturing industry-based on the Malmquist-Luenberger index and the system GMM model. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(33):41928\u201341945","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"14947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31946","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09522-5","volume":"27","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X, Chang CP (2020) Fiscal decentralization, environmental regulation, and pollution: a spatial investigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(25):31946\u201331968","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"14947_CR10","first-page":"20","volume":"53","author":"S Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen S, Chen D (2018) Air pollution, government regulations and high-quality economic development. Econ Res J 53:20\u201333 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Econ Res J"},{"issue":"3","key":"14947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2005.05.003","volume":"88","author":"Y Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen Y, Li H, Zhou LA (2005) Relative performance evaluation and the turnover of provincial leaders in China. Econ Lett 88(3):421\u2013425","journal-title":"Econ Lett"},{"key":"14947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2018.01.010","volume":"88","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Z, Kahn ME, Liu Y, Wang Z (2018) The consequences of spatially differentiated water pollution regulation in China. J Environ Econ Manag 88:468\u2013485","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/02185371003669379","volume":"18","author":"SS Chien","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chien SS (2010) Economic freedom and political control in Post-Mao China: a perspective of upward accountability and asymmetric decentralization. Asian J Polit Sci 18(1):69\u201389","journal-title":"Asian J Polit Sci"},{"key":"14947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.02.086","volume":"156","author":"D Chong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chong D, Sun N (2020) Explore emission reduction strategy and evolutionary mechanism under central environmental protection inspection system for multi-agent based on evolutionary game theory. Comput Commun 156:77\u201390","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR15","first-page":"28","volume":"7","author":"MA Cole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cole MA, Elliott RJ (2007) Do environmental regulations cost jobs? An industry-level analysis of the UK. BE J Econ Anal Pol 7(1):28\u201348","journal-title":"BE J Econ Anal Pol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2008.11.007","volume":"90","author":"JM Dean","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dean JM, Lovely ME, Wang H (2009) Are foreign investors attracted to weak environmental regulations? Evaluating the evidence from China. J Dev Econ 90(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"J Dev Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"14947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-124X.2012.01304.x","volume":"20","author":"H Deng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deng H, Zheng X, Huang N, Li F (2012) Strategic interaction in spending on environmental protection: spatial evidence from Chinese cities. China World Econ 20(5):103\u2013120","journal-title":"China World Econ"},{"issue":"3977","key":"14947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3977.1212","volume":"171","author":"PR Ehrlich","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ehrlich PR, Holdren JP (1971) Impact of population growth. Science 171(3977):1212\u20131217","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"14947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2014.05.003","volume":"68","author":"D Ghanem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghanem D, Zhang J (2014) \u2018Effortless perfection:\u2019 do Chinese cities manipulate air pollution data? J Environ Econ Manag 68(2):203\u2013225","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"14947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.1110.0700","volume":"31","author":"A Ghose","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghose A, Ipeirotis PG, Li B (2012) Designing ranking systems for hotels on travel search engines by mining user-generated and crowdsourced content. Mark Sci 31(3):493\u2013520","journal-title":"Mark Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"14947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.104.10.3038","volume":"104","author":"M Greenstone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenstone M, Hanna R (2014) Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in India. Am Econ Rev 104(10):3038\u20133072","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"14947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.12.068","volume":"212","author":"S Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo S, Lu J (2019) Jurisdictional air pollution regulation in China: a tragedy of the regulatory anti-commons. J Clean Prod 212:1054\u20131061","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"22","key":"14947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8661","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228661","volume":"17","author":"S Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo S, Wen L, Wu Y, Yue X, Fan G (2020) Fiscal decentralization and local environmental pollution in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(22):8661","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"14947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.181","volume":"231","author":"T Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong T, Yu N, Mao Z (2019) Does environment centralization prevent local governments from racing to the bottom? \u2013evidence from China. J Clean Prod 231:649\u2013659","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"9","key":"14947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-019-01745-6","volume":"21","author":"S Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu S, Liu S (2019) Do the coupling effects of environmental regulation and R&D subsidies work in the development of green innovation? Empirical evidence from China. Clean Technol Environ 21(9):1739\u20131749","journal-title":"Clean Technol Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-750X(95)00160-E","volume":"24","author":"Y Huang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Huang Y (1996) Central-local relations in China during the reform era: the economic and institutional dimensions. World Dev 24(4):655\u2013672","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"14947_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"BS Javorcik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Javorcik BS, Wei SJ (2003) Pollution havens and foreign direct investment: dirty secret or popular myth? BE J Econ Anal Pol 3(2):1\u201334","journal-title":"BE J Econ Anal Pol"},{"key":"14947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.05.114","volume":"245","author":"K Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia K, Chen S (2019) Could campaign-style enforcement improve environmental performance? Evidence from China\u2019s central environmental protection inspection. J Environ Manag 245:282\u2013290","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"14947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.12.252","volume":"214","author":"K Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang K, You D, Merrill R, Li Z (2019) Implementation of a multi-agent environmental regulation strategy under Chinese fiscal decentralization: an evolutionary game theoretical approach. J Clean Prod 214:902\u2013915","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/1523908X.2013.763629","volume":"15","author":"G Kostka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kostka G, Mol APJ (2013) Implementation and participation in China\u2019s local environmental politics: challenges and innovations. J Environ Pol Plan 15(1):3\u201316","journal-title":"J Environ Pol Plan"},{"key":"14947_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118089","volume":"239","author":"P Kuai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuai P, Yang S, Tao A, Sa Z, Khan ZD (2019) Environmental effects of Chinese-style fiscal decentralization and the sustainability implications. J Clean Prod 239:118089","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"14947_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lou L, Li J, Zhong S (2020) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission reduction and its spatial spillover effect in high-tech industries: based on panel data from 30 provinces in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12755-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12755-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"14947_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.2001.1191","volume":"43","author":"RD Morgenstern","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morgenstern RD, Pizer WA, Shih J-S (2002) Jobs versus the environment: an industry-level perspective. J Environ Econ Manag 43(3):412\u2013436","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"14947_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-019-00427-z","volume":"22","author":"Y Nan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nan Y, Li Q, Yu J, Cai H, Zhou Q (2019) Has the emissions intensity of industrial sulphur dioxide converged? New evidence from China\u2019s prefectural cities with dynamic spatial panel models. Environ Dev Sustain 22(6):5337\u20135369","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"issue":"2","key":"14947_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-018-0237-5","volume":"22","author":"Z Nasrollahi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nasrollahi Z, Hashemi M-S, Bameri S, Mohamad Taghvaee V (2018) Environmental pollution, economic growth, population, industrialization, and technology in weak and strong sustainability: using STIRPAT model. Environ Dev Sustain 22(2):1105\u20131122","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"key":"14947_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.104777","volume":"88","author":"Y Nie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nie Y, Cheng D, Liu K (2020) The effectiveness of environmental authoritarianism: evidence from China\u2019s administrative inquiry for environmental protection. Energy Econ 88:104777","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/1523908X.2012.752186","volume":"15","author":"R Ran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ran R (2013) Perverse incentive structure and policy implementation gap in China\u2019s local environmental politics. J Environ Pol Plan 15(1):17\u201339","journal-title":"J Environ Pol Plan"},{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/026858098013004002","volume":"13","author":"EA Rosa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosa EA, Dietz T (1998) Climate change and society: speculation, construction and scientific investigation. Int Sociol 13(4):421\u2013455","journal-title":"Int Sociol"},{"key":"14947_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2020.03.003","volume":"107","author":"K Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan K, Shackley S, Doherty RM, Shi Z, Zhang P, Golding N (2020) Science-policy interplay on air pollution governance in China. Environ Sci Pol 107:150\u2013157","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pol"},{"issue":"3","key":"14947_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-018-1655-7","volume":"21","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zuo Y, Li W, Kang Y, Chen W, Zhao M, Chen H (2018) Does environmental regulation affect CO2 emissions? Analysis based on threshold effect model. Clean Technol Environ 21(3):565\u2013577","journal-title":"Clean Technol Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"14947_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jue.2008.12.005","volume":"65","author":"BR Weingast","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weingast BR (2009) Second generation fiscal federalism: the implications of fiscal incentives. J Urban Econ 65(3):279\u2013293","journal-title":"J Urban Econ"},{"key":"14947_CR42","first-page":"170","volume":"10","author":"P Xi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xi P, Liang R, Xie Z (2017) Tax sharing adjustments, fiscal pressure and industrial pollution. J World Econ 10:170\u2013191 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"J World Econ"},{"key":"14947_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2020.06.018","volume":"112","author":"C Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang C, van Gevelt T (2020) Central inspection teams and the enforcement of environmental regulations in China. Environ Sci Pol 112:431\u2013439","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14947_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014537013353","volume":"21","author":"Y Xing","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xing Y, Kolstad CD (2002) Do lax environmental regulations attract foreign investment. Environ Resour Econ 21(1):1\u201322","journal-title":"Environ Resour Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.49.4.1076","volume":"49","author":"C Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu C (2011) The fundamental institutions of China\u2019s reforms and development. J Econ Lit 49(4):1076\u20131151","journal-title":"J Econ Lit"},{"key":"14947_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141002","volume":"745","author":"T Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang T, Liao H, Wei YM (2020) Local government competition on setting emission reduction goals. Sci Total Environ 745:141002","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"14947_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-020-00989-1","volume":"65","author":"J Zang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zang J, Liu L (2020) Fiscal decentralization, government environmental preference, and regional environmental governance efficiency: evidence from China. Ann Reg Sci 65:439\u2013457","journal-title":"Ann Reg Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"14947_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jce.2006.08.006","volume":"34","author":"X Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang X (2006) Fiscal decentralization and political centralization in China: implications for growth and inequality. J Comp Econ 34(4):713\u2013726","journal-title":"J Comp Econ"},{"key":"14947_CR49","first-page":"74","volume":"7","author":"H Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang H (2016) Strategic interaction of regional environmental regulation: an explanation on the universality of incomplete enforcement of environmental regulation. China Industr Econ 7:74\u201390 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"China Industr Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"14947_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/13547860802131326","volume":"13","author":"J Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fu X (2008) FDI and environmental regulations in China. J Asia Pac Econ 13(3):332\u2013353","journal-title":"J Asia Pac Econ"},{"issue":"20","key":"14947_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25675","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09003-9","volume":"27","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Jin T, Meng X (2020) From race-to-the-bottom to strategic imitation: how does political competition impact the environmental enforcement of local governments in China? Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(20):25675\u201325688","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"14947_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Liang C, Zhang X (2020) Positive or negative externalities? Exploring the spatial spillover and industrial agglomeration threshold effects of environmental regulation on haze pollution in China. Environ Dev Sustain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-020-01114-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-01114-0"},{"issue":"12","key":"14947_CR53","first-page":"30","volume":"202","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Gao Y (2010) The involvement of financial pressure and official performance: research on the local government investment and financing platform. Macroeconomy 202(12):30\u201335 (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Macroeconomy"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14947-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14947-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14947-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T10:55:20Z","timestamp":1635245720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14947-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["14947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14947-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}