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A potential alarm for human health hazards was also assessed, and the results were compared to the provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) and the hazard quotient parameter (HQ). The results showed that meHg levels of 67 species ranged from 0.013 to 0.252\u00a0mg\/kg of wet weight (WW) with significant differences between different fish and seafood groups (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>KW<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200949.09;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Median concentrations of meHg in fish and seafood groups in descending orders are as follows: demersal fish (0.1006\u00a0mg\/kg WW)\u2009&gt;\u2009pelagic fish (0.0686\u00a0mg\/kg WW)\u2009&gt;\u2009freshwater fish 0.045\u00a0mg\/kg WW)\u2009&gt;\u2009cephalopods (0.0405\u00a0mg\/kg WW) crustaceans (0.0356\u00a0mg\/kg WW). The results revealed that older population (&gt;\u200940\u00a0years old) consumed significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.000) more fish compared to younger generations and the elderly consumed the highest amounts of fish (104.0\u2009\u00b1\u2009113.0\u00a0g\/day). The adolescents (10\u201317\u00a0years old) consumed more than double of amount for both cephalopod and crustacean compared to the older populations (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Malay ethnic (96.1\u2009\u00b1\u200999.6\u00a0g\/day) consumed significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.000) higher amounts of fish and seafood compared to other ethnicities, similar to male subjects (95.2\u2009\u00b1\u2009102\u00a0g\/day;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.026) when compared to the female (86\u2009\u00b1\u200996.3\u00a0g\/day). The estimated weekly intake (EWI) values showed results below 1.6\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg BW\/week, the tolerable levels recommended by the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for all different demographic factors except for higher consumers at 75th percentile and above. Consumption of marine fish contributed to a higher value of PTWI to all different demographic groups (the estimated weekly intake (EWI) range: 0.2988\u20130.6893\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg BW\/week) but for the adolescents, where from the consumption of crustaceans (0.3488\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg BW\/week or 21.8% of PTWI) and cephalopods (0.504\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg BW\/week or 31.5% of PTWI). The results from this study also revealed the HQ value for overall consumption of fish and seafood by the adolescents and elderly exceeded one. This was contributed from the consumption of demersal fish and cephalopods, thus indicating the nonacceptable level of noncarcinogenic adverse health effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17483-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T01:24:52Z","timestamp":1637889892000},"page":"24816-24832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exposure Assessment of methyl mercury from consumption of fish and seafood in Peninsular Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nurul Izzah","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Rozita Wan","family":"Mahiyuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Nurul Farah Wan","family":"Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruzanaz Syafira Ruzman","family":"Azlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafiza","family":"Shaharudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokman Hakim","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"17483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j\/m1rpolbul.2005.06.007","volume":"51","author":"T Agusa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agusa T, Kunito T, Yasunaga G, Iwata H, Subramanian A, Ismail A, Tanabe S (2005) Concentration of trace elements in marine fish and its risk assessment in Malaysia. 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