{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:36:50Z","timestamp":1792737410005,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-18967-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T01:02:45Z","timestamp":1645750965000},"page":"49070-49091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Judging the sources of inferior groundwater quality and health risk problems through intake of groundwater nitrate and fluoride from a rural part of Telangana, India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0997-187X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakram","family":"Gugulothu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4686-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Subba Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmirekha","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laxman Kumar","family":"Duvva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratnakar","family":"Dhakate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"18967_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1458596","volume":"25","author":"A Abbasniaa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbasniaa A, Yousefia N, Mahvia AM, Nabizadeha R, Radfardc M, Yousefia M, Alimohammadi M (2018) Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index and its suitability for assessing water for drinking and irrigation purposes: case study of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran). Hum Eco Risk Assess 25:988\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2018.1458596","journal-title":"Hum Eco Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2018.04.120","volume":"18","author":"S Acharya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Acharya S, Sharma SK, Khandegar V (2019) Assessment of groundwater quality by water quality indices for irrigation and drinking in South West Delhi, India. Data Brief 18:2019\u20132028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2018.04.120","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"18967_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-2729-9","volume":"71","author":"MB Alaya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alaya MB, Saidi S, Zemni T, Zargouni F (2014) Suitability assessment of deep groundwater for drinking and irrigation use in the Djefara aquifers (Northern Gabes, south-eastern Tunisia). Environ Earth Sci 71:3387\u20133421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-013-2729-9","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR4","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA","year":"2012","unstructured":"APHA (2012) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th edn. American Public Association, Washington, DC","edition":"19"},{"key":"18967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-020-06103-1","volume":"13","author":"P Aravinthasamy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aravinthasamy P, Karunanidhi D, Subba Rao N, Subramani T, Srinivasamoorthy K (2020) Irrigation risk assessment of groundwater in a non-perennial river basin of South India: implication from irrigation water quality index (IWQI) and geographical information system (GIS) approaches. Arab J Geosci 13:1125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12517-020-06103-1","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"key":"18967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/w10060687","volume":"10","author":"N Badana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Badana N, Vetrimurugan E, Rajmohan N (2018) Coastal aquifer contamination and geochemical processes evaluation in Tugela catchment, South Africa-Geochemical and Statistical Approaches. Water 10:687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w10060687","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"18967_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100435","volume":"11","author":"A Badeenezhad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Badeenezhad A, Tabatabaee HR, Nikbakht HL, Radfard M, Abbasnia A, Baghapourf MA, Alhamd M (2020) Estimation of the groundwater quality index and investigation of the affecting factors their changes in Shiraz drinking groundwater, Iran. Groundwater Sustain Develop 11:100435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2020.100435","journal-title":"Groundwater Sustain Develop"},{"key":"18967_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2019.1655634","volume":"27","author":"A Badeenezhad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badeenezhad A, Radfard M, Passalari H, Parseh I, Abbasi F, Rostami S (2021) Factors affecting the nitrate concentration and its health risk assessment in drinking groundwater by application of Monte Carlo simulation and geographic information System. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 27:1458\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2019.1655634","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40677-020-00149-9","volume":"7","author":"A Barakat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barakat A (2020) Groundwater NO3 concentration and its potential health effects in Beni Moussa perimeter (Tadla plain, Morocco). Geoenviron Disasters 7:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40677-020-00149-9","journal-title":"Geoenviron Disasters"},{"key":"18967_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2019.1613631","volume":"26","author":"A Barakat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barakat A, Mouhtarim G, Saji R, Touhami F (2019) Health risk assessment of nitrates in the groundwater of Beni Amir irrigated perimeter, Tadla plain, Morocco. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:1864\u20131878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2019.1613631","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1088-3","volume":"30","author":"R Barzegar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barzegar R, Moghaddam AA, Baghban HA (2016) Supervised committee machine artificial intelligent for improving DRASTIC method to assess groundwater contamination risk: a case study from Tabriz plain aquifer, Iran. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 30:883\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-015-1088-3","journal-title":"Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR12","first-page":"10500","volume-title":"Indian standard drinking water specification, Second Revision Bureau of Indian Standards, Drinking Water Sectional Committee, FAD 25","author":"BIS","year":"2012","unstructured":"BIS (2012) Indian standard drinking water specification, Second Revision Bureau of Indian Standards, Drinking Water Sectional Committee, FAD 25. ISO, New Delhi, p 10500"},{"key":"18967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6069-7","volume":"23","author":"K Brindha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brindha K, Jagadeshan G, Kalpana L, Elango L (2016) Fluoride in weathered rock aquifers of southern India: managed Aquifer recharge for mitigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:8302\u20138316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-016-6069-7","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"18967_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2017.06.003","volume":"9","author":"WG Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao WG, Yang HF, Liu CL, Li YJ, Bai H (2018) Hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution of the aquifer systems of Gonghe Basin, Northern China. Geosci Front 9:907\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsf.2017.06.003","journal-title":"Geosci Front"},{"key":"18967_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-016-0231-9","volume":"9","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu H, Qian H, Gao Y (2017) Assessing nitrate and fluoride contaminants in drinking water and their health risk of rural residents living in a semi-arid region of Northwest China. Expo Health 9:183\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-016-0231-9","journal-title":"Expo Health"},{"key":"18967_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2015.02.004","volume":"56","author":"L Craig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Craig L, Stillings LL, Decker DL, Thomas JM (2015) Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana. Appl Geochem 56:50\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2015.02.004","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"key":"18967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5919","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-015-4616-z","volume":"74","author":"M Deepali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deepali M, Malpe DB, Subba Rao N (2015) Identification of controlling processes of groundwater quality in a developing urban area using principal component analysis. Environ Earth Sci 74:5919\u20135933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-015-4616-z","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1528862","volume":"26","author":"M Deepali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deepali M, Deepak BM, Subba Rao N, Sunitha B (2020) Geochemical assessment of fluoride enriched groundwater and health implications from a part of Yavtmal District, India. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:673\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2018.1528862","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00478-1","volume":"43","author":"M Deepali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deepali M, Malpe DB, Subba Rao N (2021) Applications of geochemical and multivariate statistical approaches for the evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risks in a semi-arid region of eastern Maharashtra, India. Environ Geochem Health 43:683\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-019-00478-1","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"18967_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7646-8","volume":"19","author":"H Demelash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Demelash H, Beyene A, Abebe Z, Addisu M (2019) Fluoride concentration in groundwater and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 19:1298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7646-8","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"18967_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00512-2","author":"L Ding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding L, Yang Q, Yang Y, Ma H, Martin JD (2020) Potential risk assessment of groundwater to address the agricultural and domestic challenges in Ordos Basin. Environ Geochem Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-019-00512-2","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"18967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-018-0289-7","volume":"11","author":"S He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He S, Wu J (2019) Hydrogeochemical characteristics, groundwater quality and health risks from hexavalent chromium and nitrate in groundwater of Huanhe Formation in Wuqi County, Northwest China. Expo Health 11:125\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-018-0289-7","journal-title":"Expo Health"},{"key":"18967_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1531693","volume":"25","author":"X He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He X, Wu J, He S (2019) Hydrochemical characteristics and quality evaluation of groundwater in terms of health risks in Luohe aquifer in Wuqi County of the Chinese Loess Plateau, Northwest China. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25:32\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2018.1531693","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR24","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254","author":"JD Hem","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hem JD (1991) Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254. Scientifc Publishers, Jodhpur, p 264"},{"key":"18967_CR25","unstructured":"ICMR (2009) Nutrient requirements and recommended dietary allowances for Indians. (Indian Council of Medical Research) A report of the expert group of the ICMR, Hyderabad, India, p 334"},{"key":"18967_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kadam A, Wagh V, Jacobs J, Patil S, Pawar N, Umrikar B, Sankhua R, Kumar S (2022) Integrated approach for the evaluation of groundwater quality through hydrogeochemistry and human health risk from Shivganga river basin, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:4311\u20134333.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-15554-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15554-2"},{"key":"18967_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2019.1568859","volume":"25","author":"D Karunanidhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karunanidhi D, Aravinthasamy P, Subramani T, Jianhua W, Srinivasamoorthy K (2019) Potential health risk assessment for fluoride and nitrate contamination in hard rock aquifers of Shanmuganadhi River basin, South India. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25:250\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2019.1568859","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-8059-y","volume":"192","author":"D Karunanidhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karunanidhi D, Aravinthasamy P, Priyadarsi DR, Praveenkumar RM, Prasanth K, Selvapraveen S (2020) Evaluation of non-carcinogenic risks due to fluoride and nitrate contaminations in a groundwater of an urban part (Coimbatore region) of South India. Environ Mon Assess 192:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-019-8059-y","journal-title":"Environ Mon Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113711","volume":"259","author":"L Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur L, Rishi MS, Siddiqui AU (2020) Deterministic and probabilistic health risk assessment techniques to evaluate non-carcinogenic human health risk (NHHR) due to fluoride and nitrate in groundwater of Panipat, Haryana, India. Environ Poll 259:113711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113711","journal-title":"Environ Poll"},{"key":"18967_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-014-3566-3","volume":"302","author":"T Keesari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keesari T, Mohokar HV, Sahoo BK, Mallesh G (2014) Assessment of environmental radioactive elements in groundwater in parts of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, South India using scintillation detection methods. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 302:1391\u20131398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10967-014-3566-3","journal-title":"J Radioanal Nucl Chem"},{"key":"18967_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11053-019-09550-0","volume":"29","author":"T Keesari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keesari T, Roy A, Mohokar H, Pant D, Sinha UK (2020) Characterization of mechanisms and processes controlling groundwater recharge and its quality in drought-prone region of Central India (Buldhana, Maharashtra) using isotope hydrochemical and end-member mixing modeling. Nat Resour Res 29:1951\u20131973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11053-019-09550-0","journal-title":"Nat Resour Res"},{"key":"18967_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keesari T, Pant D, Roy A, Sinha UK, Jaryal A, Singh M, Jain SK (2021a) Fluoride geochemistry and exposure risk through groundwater sources in northeastern parts of Rajasthan, India. Arch Environ Cont Toxicol 80:294\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-020-00794-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-020-00794-z"},{"key":"18967_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147860","volume":"789","author":"T Keesari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keesari T, Sinha UK, Saha D, Dwivedi SN, Shukla RR, Mohokar H, Roy A (2021b) Isotope and hydrochemical systematics of groundwater from a multi-tiered aquifer in the central parts of Indo-Gangetic Plains, India - implications for groundwater sustainability and security. Sci Total Environ 789:47860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147860","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"18967_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrh.2014.11.004","volume":"4","author":"H Kulkarni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kulkarni H, Shah M, Vijay Shankar PS (2015) Shaping the contours of groundwater governance in India. J Hydrol Reg Studies 4:172\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrh.2014.11.004","journal-title":"J Hydrol Reg Studies"},{"key":"18967_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-016-1516-6","volume":"25","author":"DJ Lapworth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lapworth DJ, Nkhuwa DCW, Okotto O, Pedley JS, Stuart ME, Tijani MN, Wright J (2017) Urban groundwater quality in sub-Saharan Africa: current status and implications for water security and public health. Hydrogeol J 25:1093\u20131116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-016-1516-6","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"18967_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.01.008","volume":"8","author":"D Laxman Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laxman Kumar D, Satyanarayana E, Dhakate R, Saxena PR (2019) Hydrochemical characteristics with respect to fluoride contamination in groundwater of Maheshwaram Mandal, RR district, Telangana State, India. Groundwater Sust Develop 8:474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.01.008","journal-title":"Groundwater Sust Develop"},{"key":"18967_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydres.2021.02.002","volume":"4","author":"D Laxman Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laxman Kumar D, Dhakate R, Sakram G, Saxena PR (2021) Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural utility in a granitic terrain of Maheshwaram area of Rangareddy district, Telnagana State, India. Hydroresearch 4:11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydres.2021.02.002","journal-title":"Hydroresearch"},{"issue":"2","key":"18967_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-019-00299-8","volume":"11","author":"P Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li P, Wu J (2019) Drinking water quality and public health. Expo Health 11(2):73\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-019-00299-8","journal-title":"Expo Health"},{"key":"18967_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-016-0237-3","volume":"9","author":"P Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li P, Feng W, Xue C, Rui T, Wang S (2017) Spatiotemporal variability of contaminants in Lake water and their risks to human health: a case study of the Shahu lake tourist area, Northwest China. Expo Health 9:213\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-016-0237-3","journal-title":"Expo Health"},{"key":"18967_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-018-0277-y","volume":"11","author":"P Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li P, Tian R, Liu R (2019) Solute geochemistry and multivariate analysis of water quality in the Guohua phosphorite mine, Guizhou Province, China. Expo Health 11:81\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-018-0277-y","journal-title":"Expo Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"18967_CR41","first-page":"675","volume":"92","author":"P Madhnure","year":"2007","unstructured":"Madhnure P, Sirsikar DY, Tiwari AN, Ranjan B, Malpe DB (2007) Occurrence of fluoride in the groundwaters of Pandharkawada area, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India. Curr Sci 92(5):675\u2013679","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2020.104766","volume":"195","author":"E Manikandan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manikandan E, Rajmohan N, Anbazhagan S (2020) Monsoon impact on groundwater chemistry and geochemical processes in the shallow hard rock aquifer. CATENA 195:104766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.catena.2020.104766","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"18967_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.027","volume":"613\u2013614","author":"AA Nadiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nadiri AA, Aghdam FS, Khatibi R, Moghaddam AA (2018a) The problem of identifying arsenic anomalies in the basin of Sahand dam through risk-based soft modelling. Sci Total Environ 613\u2013614:693\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.027","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"18967_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.04.011","volume":"217","author":"AA Nadiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nadiri AA, Sadeghfam S, Gharekhani M, Khatibi R, Akbari E (2018b) Introducing the risk aggregation problem to aquifers exposed to impacts of anthropogenic and geogenic origins on a modular basis using risk cells. J Environ Manag 217:654\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.04.011","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"18967_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1480353","volume":"25","author":"A Narsimha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Narsimha A, Li P (2019) Occurrence, health risks, and geochemical mechanisms of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater of the rock-dominant semi-arid region, Telangana State, India. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2018.1480353","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2019.125548","volume":"80","author":"A Narsimha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narsimha A, Qian H (2020) Spatial distribution and health risk assessment of fluoride contamination in groundwater of Telangana - a state-of-the-art. Geochem 80:125548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemer.2019.125548","journal-title":"Geochem"},{"key":"18967_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-020-00762-7","volume":"80","author":"A Narsimha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narsimha A, Qian H (2021) Geospatial distribution and potential noncarcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate contaminated groundwater in Southern India \u2013 a case study. Arch Environ Cont Toxi 80:107\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-020-00762-7","journal-title":"Arch Environ Cont Toxi"},{"key":"18967_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111548","volume":"208","author":"VP Nawale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nawale VP, Malpe DB, Deepali M, Rajshree Y (2021) Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment with source identification of nitrate and fluoride polluted groundwater of Wardha sub-basin, central India. Ecotox Environ Safety 208:111548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111548","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safety"},{"key":"18967_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1029\/TR025i006p00914","volume":"25","author":"AM Piper","year":"1944","unstructured":"Piper AM (1944) A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Trans Am Geophys Union 25:914\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/TR025i006p00914","journal-title":"Trans Am Geophys Union"},{"key":"18967_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7732-8","volume":"77","author":"M Qasemi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qasemi M, Afsharnia M, Farhang M, Bakhshizadeh A, Allahdadi M, Zarei A (2018) Health risk assessment of nitrate exposure in groundwater of rural areas of Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran. Environ Earth Sci 77:551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-018-7732-8","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9771-5_18","volume-title":"Emerging Issues in the Water Environment during Anthropocene","author":"N Rajmohan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajmohan N (2020) Groundwater Contamination Issues in the Shallow Aquifer, Ramganga Sub-basin, India. In: Kumar M, Snow D, Honda R (eds) Emerging Issues in the Water Environment during Anthropocene. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Berlin, pp 337\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-32-9771-5_18"},{"key":"18967_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2020.02.006","volume":"41","author":"A Ramachandran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramachandran A, Sivakumar K, Shanmugasundharamc A, Sangunathan U, Krishnamurthy RR (2021) Evaluation of potable groundwater zones identification based on WQI and GIS techniques in Adyar River basin, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Acta Ecol Sinica 41:285\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chnaes.2020.02.006","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sinica"},{"key":"18967_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18702","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11853-2","volume":"28","author":"S Razzagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Razzagh S, Nadiri AA, Khatibi R, Sadeghfam S, Senapathi V, Dekar S (2021) An investigation to human health risks from multiple contaminants and multiple origins by introducing \u2018Total Information Management.\u2019 Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:18702\u201318724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-020-11853-2","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"18967_CR54","first-page":"201","volume":"5","author":"M Reddy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reddy M, Sakram G (2014) Climate change and water resources - implications and mitigation. Inter J Recent Sci Res 5:201\u2013204","journal-title":"Inter J Recent Sci Res"},{"key":"18967_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1463510","volume":"25","author":"H Rezaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezaei H, Ali J, Bahram K, Mohammad S (2019) Health-risk assessment related to the fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite in the drinking water in the Sanandaj, Kurdistan County, Iran. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25:1242\u20131250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2018.1463510","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-018-0761-3","volume":"8","author":"A Roy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roy A, Keesari T, Mohokar H, Sinha UK, Bitra S (2018) Assessment of groundwater quality in hard rock aquifer of central Telangana state for drinking and agriculture purposes. Appl Water Sci 8:124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-018-0761-3","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.19080\/ijesnr.2017.01.555567","volume":"1","author":"PJ Sajil Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sajil Kumar PJ (2017) Fluoride in groundwater- sources, geochemical mobilization and treatment options. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res 1:555\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19080\/ijesnr.2017.01.555567","journal-title":"Int J Environ Sci Nat Res"},{"key":"18967_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-018-0787-6","volume":"8","author":"G Sakram","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakram G, Narsimha A (2018) Hydrogeochemical characterization and assessment of water suitability for drinking and irrigation in crystalline rocks of Mothkur region, Telangana State, South India. Appl Water Sci 8:143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-018-0787-6","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s40899-018-0258-0","volume":"5","author":"G Sakram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakram G, Kuntamalla S, Machender G, Dhakate R, Narsimha A (2019) Multivariate statistical approach for the assessment of fluoride and nitrate concentration in groundwater from Zaheerabad area, Telangana State, India. Sustain Water Resour Manag 5:785\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40899-018-0258-0","journal-title":"Sustain Water Resour Manag"},{"key":"18967_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-008-9466-x","volume":"81","author":"PR Salve","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salve PR, Maurya A, Kumbhare PS, Ramteke DS, Wate SR (2008) Assessment of groundwater quality with respect to fluoride. Bull Environ Cont Toxi 81:289\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00128-008-9466-x","journal-title":"Bull Environ Cont Toxi"},{"issue":"3","key":"18967_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-012-0042-5","volume":"2","author":"SV Sarath Prasanth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarath Prasanth SV, Magesh NS, Jitheshlal KV, Chandrasekar N (2012) Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal stretch of Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. Appl Water Sci 2(3):165\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-012-0042-5","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s12594-017-0597-8","volume":"89","author":"E Satyanarayana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Satyanarayana E, Dhakate R, Laxman Kumar D, Ravindar P, Muralidhar M (2017) Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater quality with special reference to fluoride concentration in parts of Mulugu-Venkatapur Mandal, Warangal District. J Geol Soc India 89:247\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12594-017-0597-8","journal-title":"J Geol Soc India"},{"key":"18967_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2020.106929","volume":"245","author":"S Selvam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Selvam S, Venkatramanan S, Hossain MB, Chung SY, Khatibi R, Nadiri AA (2020) A study of health risk from accumulation of metals in commercial edible fish species at Tuticorin coasts of southern India. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 245:106929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2020.106929","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.241","volume":"645","author":"F Serio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serio F, Miglietta PP, Lamastra L, Ficocelli S, Intini F, De Leo F, De Donno A (2018) Groundwater nitrate contamination and agricultural land use: A grey water footprint perspective in Southern Apulia Region (Italy). Sci Total Environ 645:1425\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.241","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"18967_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s42398-020-00148-4","volume":"4","author":"K Shankaraiah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shankaraiah K, Sakram G, Ratnkar D (2021) Spatial assessment of major ion geochemistry in the groundwater around Suryapet Region, Southern Telangana, India. Environ Sustain 4:107\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42398-020-00148-4","journal-title":"Environ Sustain"},{"key":"18967_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-021-09544-3","volume":"80","author":"M Shekhar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shekhar M, Dhakate Ratnakar, Venkata Ratnalu G, Machender G (2021) Hydrogeochemistry and Health Risk Assessment of groundwater and surface water in a fluoride affected area of Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri District, Telangana State, India. Environ Earth Sci 80:262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-021-09544-3","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58538-3-20-1","volume-title":"Handbook of Environmental Materials Management","author":"S Shukla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shukla S, Saxena A (2018) Global Status of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater: Its Occurrence, Health Impacts, and Mitigation Measures. In: Hussain C (ed) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-58538-3-20-1"},{"key":"18967_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-7149-9","volume":"76","author":"MMVG Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva MMVG, Gomes EMC, Isa\u00edas M, Azevedo JMM, Zeferino B (2017) Spatial and seasonal variations of surface and groundwater quality in a fast-growing city: Lubango, Angola. Environ Earth Sci 76:790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-017-7149-9","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-021-04521-8","volume":"3","author":"B Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh B, Craswell E (2021) Fertilizers and nitrate pollution of surface and ground water: an increasingly pervasive global problem. SN Appl Sci 3:518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42452-021-04521-8","journal-title":"SN Appl Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrh.2016.09.005","volume":"8","author":"RP Sishodia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sishodia RP, Shukla S, Graham WD, Wani SP, Garg KK (2016) Bi-decadal groundwater level trends in a semi-arid South Indian region - declines, causes and management. J Hydrol Regional Studies 8:43\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrh.2016.09.005","journal-title":"J Hydrol Regional Studies"},{"key":"18967_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-018-0094-z","volume":"40","author":"E Soldatova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soldatova E, Sun Z, Maier S, Drebot V, Gao B (2018) Shallow groundwater quality and associated non-cancer health risk in agricultural areas (Poyang Lake basin, China). Environ Geochem Health 40:2223\u20132242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-018-0094-z","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"18967_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12040-014-0430-3","volume":"123","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Subba Rao N (2014) Spatial control of groundwater contamination, using principal component analysis. J Earth Syst Sci 123:715\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12040-014-0430-3","journal-title":"J Earth Syst Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR73","unstructured":"Subba Rao N (2017a) Hydrogeology: Problems with solutions. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi"},{"key":"18967_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Subba Rao N (2017b) Controlling factors of fluoride in groundwater in a part of South India. Arab J Geosci 10:524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12517-017-3291-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-017-3291-7"},{"key":"18967_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-018-0665-2","volume":"80","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Subba Rao N (2018) Groundwater quality from a part of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. India Appl Water Sci 80:30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-018-0665-2","journal-title":"India Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-020-00621-3","volume":"43","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subba Rao N (2021) Spatial distribution of quality of groundwater and probabilistic non-carcinogenic risk from a rural dry climatic region of South India. Environ Geochem Health 43:971\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-020-00621-3","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"18967_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.100238","volume":"9","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Chaudhary M (2019) Hydrogeochemical processes regulating the spatial distribution of groundwater contamination, using pollution index of groundwater (PIG) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA): A case study. Groundwater Sustain Develop. 9:100238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.100238","journal-title":"Groundwater Sustain Develop."},{"key":"18967_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1306\/eg.02090504043","volume":"13","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, John Devadas D, Srinivasa Rao KV (2006) Interpretation of groundwater quality using principal component analysis from Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geosci 13:239\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1306\/eg.02090504043","journal-title":"Environ Geosci"},{"key":"18967_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-012-1590-6","volume":"67","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Subrahmanyam A, Ravi Kumar S, Srinivasulu N, Babu Rao G, Surya Rao P, Venktram Reddy G (2012) Geochemistry and quality of groundwater of Gummanampadu Sub-basin, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 67:1451\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-012-1590-6","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s12594-016-0497-3","volume":"88","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Dinakar A, Surya Rao P, Rao PN, Madhnure P, Prasad KM, Sudarshan G (2016) Geochemical processes controlling fluoride-bearing groundwater in the granitic aquifer of a semi-arid region. J Geol Soc India 88:350\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12594-016-0497-3","journal-title":"J Geol Soc India"},{"key":"18967_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-7093-8","volume":"76","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Deepali M, Dinakar A, Chandana I, Sunitha B, Ravindra B, Balaji T (2017) Geochemical characteristics and controlling factors of chemical composition of groundwater in a part of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 76:747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-017-7093-8","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2019.125568","volume":"80","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Sunitha B, Sun L, Deepthi Spandana B, Chaudhary M (2019) Mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry and assessment of potential health risk, A case study from South India. Geochem 80:125568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemer.2019.125568","journal-title":"Geochem"},{"key":"18967_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2020.1741338","volume":"26","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Ravindra B, Wu J (2020a) Geochemical and health risk evaluation of fluoride rich groundwater in Sattenapalle Region, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:2316\u20132348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2020.1741338","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00393-5","volume":"42","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Sunitha B, Adimalla N, Chaudhary M (2020b) Quality criteria for groundwater use from a rural part of Wanaparthy District, Telangana State, India, through ionic spatial distribution (ISD), entropy water quality index (EWQI) and principal component analysis (PCA). Environ Geochem Health 42:579\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-019-00393-5","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"18967_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111674","volume":"207","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Dinakar A, Karuna Kumari B (2021a) Appraisal of vulnerable zones of non-cancer-causing health risks associated with exposure of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater from a rural part of India. Environ Res 207:111674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111674","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"18967_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-020-00783-2","volume":"80","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Dinakar A, Karuna Kumari B, Karunanidhi D, Kamalesh T (2021b) Seasonal and spatial variation of groundwater quality vulnerable zones of Yellareddygudem watershed, Nalgonda district, Telangana State, India. Archs Environ Cont Toxi 80:1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-020-00783-2","journal-title":"Archs Environ Cont Toxi"},{"key":"18967_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12404-z","volume":"28","author":"N Subba Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Dinakar A, Sravanthi M, Karuna Kumari B (2021c) Geochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater evaluation for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes from a part of hard rock aquifer of South India. Environ Sci Pollut Research 28:31941\u201331961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12404-z","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Research"},{"key":"18967_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sujatha D, Reddy BR (2003) Quality characterization of groundwater in the south-eastern part of the Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 44:579\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-003-0794-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-003-0794-1"},{"key":"18967_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-013-1065-4","volume":"7","author":"C Thivya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thivya C, Chidambaram S, Thilagavathi R, Prasanna MV, Singaraja C, Nepolian M, Sundararajan M (2014) Identification of the geochemical processes in groundwater by factor analysis in hard rock aquifers of Madurai district, South India. Arab J Geosci 7:3767\u20133777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12517-013-1065-4","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"key":"18967_CR90","unstructured":"UNDESA (2013) World Population Prospects. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division Database. Detailed indicators 2012 Revision."},{"key":"18967_CR91","volume-title":"USEPA Region III risk-based concentration Table: Technical background information","author":"USEPA","year":"2006","unstructured":"USEPA (2006) USEPA Region III risk-based concentration Table: Technical background information. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC"},{"key":"18967_CR92","unstructured":"USEPA (1991) Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Vol 1: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary Remediation Goals). EPA9585.7\u201301B. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC."},{"key":"18967_CR93","unstructured":"USEPA (2014) Human health evaluation manual, supplemental guidance: Update of Standard Default Exposure Factors-OSWER Directive 9200.1\u2013120. PP.6."},{"issue":"26","key":"18967_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12058","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2015.1048740","volume":"57","author":"S Venkatramanan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Ramkumar T, Rajesh R, Gnanachandrasamy G (2016) Assessment of groundwater quality using GIS and CCME WQI techniques: a case study of Thiruthuraipoondi city in Cauvery deltaic region. Tamil Nadu, India, Desalin Water Treat 57(26):12058\u201312073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19443994.2015.1048740","journal-title":"Tamil Nadu, India, Desalin Water Treat"},{"key":"18967_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2017.1416455","volume":"24","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang H, Gu H, Lan S, Wang M, Chi B (2018) Human health risk assessment and sources analysis of nitrate in shallow groundwater of the Liujiang basin, China. Hum Ecol Risk Assess: Int J 24:1515\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2017.1416455","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess: Int J"},{"key":"18967_CR96","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO (2012) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization, Geneva","edition":"4"},{"key":"18967_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8575","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-015-4018-2","volume":"73","author":"J Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu J, Li P, Qian H (2015) Hadrochemical characterization of drinking groundwater with special reference to fluoride in an arid area of China and the control of aquifer leakage on its concentrations. Environ Earth Sci 73:8575\u20138588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-015-4018-2","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2019.1594156","volume":"26","author":"J Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu J, Li P, Wang D, Ren X, Wei M (2020a) Statistical and multivariate statistical techniques to trace the sources and affecting factors of groundwater pollution in a rapidly growing city on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:1603\u20131621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2019.1594156","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"18967_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2020.125607","volume":"80","author":"J Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhou H (2020b) Groundwater chemistry and groundwater quality index incorporating health risk weighting in Dingbian County, Ordos Basin of Northwest China. Geochem 80:125607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemer.2020.125607","journal-title":"Geochem"},{"key":"18967_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-009-0132-3","volume":"59","author":"SM Yidana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yidana SM, Yidana A (2010) Assessing water quality using water quality index and multivariate analysis. Environ Earth Sci 59:1461\u20131473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-009-0132-3","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"18967_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.11.010","volume":"137","author":"Y Zhai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhai Y, Zhao X, Teng Y, Li X, Zhang J, Wu J, Zuo R (2017) Groundwater nitrate pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area, NE China. Ecotox Environ Safety 137:130\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.11.010","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safety"},{"key":"18967_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7456-9","volume":"77","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu J, Xu B (2018) Human health risk assessment of groundwater nitrogen pollution in Jinghui canal irrigation area of the loess region, northwest China. Environ Earth Sci 77:273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-018-7456-9","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-18967-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-022-18967-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-18967-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T12:49:31Z","timestamp":1656938971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-022-18967-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["18967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-18967-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable to this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}