{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:49:44Z","timestamp":1786981784011,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19761-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T11:03:52Z","timestamp":1651489432000},"page":"65699-65722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and multivariate statistical analysis case study: East Matrouh, Northwestern coast, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rasha A.","family":"El-Kholy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Zaghlool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Isawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed A.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa M. H.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel-hameed M.","family":"El-Aassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moustafa M.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"19761_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"N Adimalla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adimalla N, Wang H (2018) Distribution, contamination, and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface soils from northern Telangana. India Arab J Geosci 11(21):1\u201315","journal-title":"India Arab J Geosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"19761_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1546550","volume":"25","author":"N Adimalla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adimalla N, Wu J (2019) Groundwater quality and associated health risks in a semi-arid region of south India: implication to sustainable groundwater management. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 25(1\u20132):191\u2013216","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J"},{"issue":"1","key":"19761_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-1884-2","volume":"182","author":"D Alexakis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alexakis D (2011) Assessment of water quality in the Messolonghi-Etoliko and Neochorio region (West Greece) using hydrochemical and statistical analysis methods. Environ Monit Assess 182(1):397\u2013413","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"19761_CR4","unstructured":"Ali, A., Oweis, T., Rashid, M., El-Naggar, S., & Aal, A. A. (2007). Water harvesting options in the drylands at different spatial scales. Land Use and Water Resources Research, 7(1732\u20132016\u2013140274).\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR5","unstructured":"Al-Sayed E., El-Qady G., El-Kenawy A., (2016). Ground water exploration and mapping the seawater intrusion at Matruh area, North Coast, Egypt. Conference: The 7th International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments (2016) At: Saudi Arabia."},{"key":"19761_CR6","unstructured":"American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM], (2002). Water and Environmental Technology, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, U.S.A. Sect.11.Vols.11.01, And 11.02, Conshohocken."},{"issue":"6","key":"19761_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.3390\/w12061584","volume":"12","author":"TD Banda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banda TD, Kumarasamy M (2020) Application of multivariate statistical analysis in the development of a surrogate water quality index (WQI) for South African watersheds. Water 12(6):1584","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"19761_CR8","unstructured":"Barseem, M. S. (2006).\u00a0Geophysical contribution to groundwater exploration in carbonate rocks, West Sidi Barani area, northwestern coast, Egypt\u00a0(Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University).\u200f"},{"issue":"4","key":"19761_CR9","first-page":"3244","volume":"9","author":"M Barseem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barseem M, El Tamamy AM, Masoud M (2013) Hydrogeophysical evaluation of water occurrences in El Negila area, Northwestern coastal zone\u2013Egypt. J Appl Sci Res 9(4):3244\u20133262","journal-title":"J Appl Sci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s40974-016-0019-6","volume":"2","author":"R Bhutiani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhutiani R, Kulkarni DB, Khanna DR, Gautam A (2017) Geochemical distribution and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of an industrial area and its surroundings, Haridwar, India. Energy Ecol Environ 2(2):155\u2013167","journal-title":"Energy Ecol Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"19761_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-016-0451-y","volume":"7","author":"M Bora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bora M, Goswami DC (2017) Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index (WQI): case study of the Kolong River, Assam. India Appl Water Sci 7(6):3125\u20133135","journal-title":"India Appl Water Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-013-0138-6","volume":"4","author":"K Brindha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brindha K, Vaman KN, Srinivasan K, Babu MS, Elango L (2014) Identification of surface water-groundwater interaction by hydrogeochemical indicators and assessing its suitability for drinking and irrigational purposes in Chennai. South India Appl Water Sci 4(2):159\u2013174","journal-title":"South India Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"19761_CR13","unstructured":"Brown, R. M., McClelland, N. I., Deininger, R. A., & Tozer, R. G. (1970). A water quality index\u2014do we dare. Water and sewage works, 117(10).\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR14","unstructured":"Butzer, K. W. (1959). Environment and human ecology in Egypt during predynastic and early dynastic times. Reprinted from Bulletin de la Societ\u0301\u00e9 de G\u00e9ographie d'Egypte, t. 32.\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR15","unstructured":"CLAC, (2015). Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate website. http:\/\/ www. calc.edu.eg."},{"issue":"12","key":"19761_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-7100-x","volume":"190","author":"S Dutta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dutta S, Dwivedi A, Kumar MS (2018) Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river. Environ Monit Assess 190(12):1\u201317","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-195002000-00004","volume":"69","author":"FM Eaton","year":"1950","unstructured":"Eaton FM (1950) Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters. Soil Sci 69(2):123\u2013134","journal-title":"Soil Sci"},{"key":"19761_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edokpayi, J. N., Odiyo, J. O., & Durowoju, O. S. (2017). Impact of wastewater on surface water quality in developing countries: a case study of South Africa.\u00a0Water quality, 401\u2013416.\u200f","DOI":"10.5772\/66561"},{"key":"19761_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eissaa M. A., de Dreuzyb Jean-R., B. Parker (2018). Integrative management of saltwater intrusion in poorly-constrained semiarid coastal aquifer at Ras El-Hekma, Northwestern Coast, Egypt. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Volume 6, March 2018, Pages 57\u201370.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2017.10.002"},{"key":"19761_CR20","unstructured":"El Bastawesy, M. A., NASR, A., & Ali, R. R. (2008). The use of remote sensing and GIS for catchment delineation in northwestern coast of Egypt: an assessment of water resources and soil potential.\u00a0Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences,\u00a011.\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR21","unstructured":"El Shazly, M. M. (1964). Geology, pedology and hydrogeology of Mersa Matruh area, Western Mediterranean littoral. PhD Thesis, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."},{"key":"19761_CR22","unstructured":"Fishman, M. J., & Friedman, L. C. (1989).\u00a0Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments. US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey.\u200f"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-2005-y","volume":"184","author":"A Gamble","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gamble A, Babbar-Sebens M (2012) On the use of multivariate statistical methods for combining in-stream monitoring data and spatial analysis to characterize water quality conditions in the White River Basin, Indiana, USA. Environ Monit Assess 184(2):845\u2013875","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"7","key":"19761_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-012-0533-6","volume":"6","author":"D Gamvroula","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gamvroula D, Alexakis D, Stamatis G (2013) Diagnosis of groundwater quality and assessment of contamination sources in the Megara basin (Attica, Greece). Arab J Geosci 6(7):2367\u20132381","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2009.00649.x","volume":"48","author":"E Gim\u00e9nez-Forcada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Forcada E (2010) Dynamic of sea water interface using hydrochemical facies evolution diagram. Groundwater 48(2):212\u2013216","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"issue":"7","key":"19761_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/w8070285","volume":"8","author":"G Guesdon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guesdon G, Santiago-Mart\u00edn D, Raymond S, Messaoud H, Michaux A, Roy S, Galvez R (2016) Impacts of salinity on Saint-Augustin Lake, Canada: Remediation measures at watershed scale. Water 8(7):285","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"19761_CR27","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"JE Hair","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hair JE, William CB, Barry JB, Rolph EA, Tatham RL (2006) Multivariate data analysis, 6th edn. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey","edition":"6"},{"key":"19761_CR28","volume-title":"The geology of water supplies in Ras El Hekma area","author":"FA Hammad","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hammad FA (1966) The geology of water supplies in Ras El Hekma area. Thesis, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, M.Sc"},{"key":"19761_CR29","unstructured":"Hammad, F. A. (1972). The geology of soils and water resources in the area between Ras El Hekma and Ras El Rum (Western Mediterranean Littoral Zone, Egypt). Ph.D. Dissertation, Fac. Sci., Cairo University."},{"issue":"3","key":"19761_CR30","first-page":"300","volume":"37","author":"RK Horton","year":"1965","unstructured":"Horton RK (1965) An index number system for rating water quality. J Water Pollut Control Fed 37(3):300\u2013306","journal-title":"J Water Pollut Control Fed"},{"issue":"1","key":"19761_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291575","volume":"39","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kaiser HF (1974) An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika 39(1):31\u201336","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"19761_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/21553769.2014.933716","volume":"8","author":"N Khatri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khatri N, Tyagi S (2015) Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater quality in rural and urban areas. Frontiers in Life Science 8(1):23\u201339","journal-title":"Frontiers in Life Science"},{"key":"19761_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C. W., Lin, K. H., & Kuo, Y. M. (2003). Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan.\u00a0Science of the total environment,\u00a0313(1\u20133), 77\u201389. London.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00683-6"},{"key":"19761_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b11794","volume-title":"Water chemistry: green science and technology of nature's most renewable resource","author":"SE Manahan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manahan SE (2010) Water chemistry: green science and technology of nature\u2019s most renewable resource. CRC Press"},{"key":"19761_CR35","volume-title":"Assessment of surface runoff in Marsa Matrouh area, Northwestern Coastal Zone, Egypt (Doctoral dissertation","author":"MHZ Masoud","year":"2000","unstructured":"Masoud MHZ (2000) Assessment of surface runoff in Marsa Matrouh area, Northwestern Coastal Zone, Egypt (Doctoral dissertation. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt), M.Sc"},{"key":"19761_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.01.042","volume":"476","author":"I Matiatos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matiatos I, Alexopoulos A, Godelitsas A (2014) Multivariate statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical and isotopic composition of the groundwater resources in northeastern Peloponnesus (Greece). Sci Total Environ 476:577\u2013590","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(01)00111-7","volume":"115","author":"CDA McLay","year":"2001","unstructured":"McLay CDA, Dragten R, Sparling G, Selvarajah N (2001) Predicting groundwater nitrate concentrations in a region of mixed agricultural land use: a comparison of three approaches. Environ Pollut 115(2):191\u2013204","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"19761_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.09.053","volume":"126","author":"S Mitra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitra S, Ghosh S, Satpathy KK, Bhattacharya BD, Sarkar SK, Mishra P, Raja P (2018) Water quality assessment of the ecologically stressed Hooghly River Estuary, India: a multivariate approach. Mar Pollut Bull 126:592\u2013599","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"19761_CR39","first-page":"113","volume":"1","author":"A Mohamed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mohamed A, El Sabri SH, Masoud MHZ, Kamal Dahab A (2011) Water budget assessment for some wadis west Marsa Matruh and possibilities of sea water intrusion. Sedimentology of Egypt 1:113\u2013125","journal-title":"Sedimentology of Egypt"},{"key":"19761_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-014-4182-y","volume":"187","author":"I Mohamed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohamed I, Othman F, Ibrahim AIN, Alaa-Eldin ME, Yunus RM (2015) Assessment of water quality parameters using multivariate analysis for Klang River basin. Malaysia Environ Monit Assess 187:4182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-014-4182-y","journal-title":"Malaysia Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR41","first-page":"283","volume":"31","author":"SV Mohan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mohan SV, Nithila P, Reddy SJ (1996) Estimation of heavy metals in drinking water and development of heavy metal pollution index. J Environ Sci Health Part A 31(2):283\u2013289","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health Part A"},{"issue":"4","key":"19761_CR42","first-page":"BC05","volume":"10","author":"K Mohankumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohankumar K, Hariharan V, Rao NP (2016) Heavy metal contamination in groundwater around industrial estate vs residential areas in Coimbatore India. J Clin Diagn Res: JCDR 10(4):BC05","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res: JCDR"},{"issue":"2016","key":"19761_CR43","first-page":"365e381","volume":"121","author":"A Mustafa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mustafa A, Eissa MA, Mahmoud HH, Shouakar Stash O, El-Shiekh A, Parker B (2016) Geophysical and geochemical studies to delineate seawater intrusion in Bagoush area, Northwestern coast, Egypt. J African Earth Sci 121(2016):365e381","journal-title":"J African Earth Sci"},{"key":"19761_CR44","unstructured":"National Authority for Remote Sensing & Space Sciences (NARSS), (2005). Environmental evaluation of land resources in the Northwestern Coast of Egypt, using space data and land information systems, phase II: area from Sedi Abd El-Rahman to Marsa El-Assi. Fainal Report No. 101\/SR\/ ENV\/04\u20130. Cairo: NARSS."},{"key":"19761_CR45","unstructured":"Obeidat, M. M., Awawdeh, M., Al-Rub, F. A., & Al-Ajlouni, A. (2012). An innovative nitrate pollution index and multivariate statistical investigations of groundwater chemical quality of Umm Rijam Aquifer (B4), North Yarmouk River Basin, Jordan. Vouddouris K, Voutsa D. Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment. Croatia: InTech, 169\u2013188.\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR46","first-page":"916","volume-title":"Analytical chemistry","author":"M Otto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Otto M (1998) Multivariate methods. In: Kellner R, Mermet JM, Otto M, Widmer HM (eds) Analytical chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 916"},{"key":"19761_CR47","first-page":"179","volume":"1","author":"TY Oweis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oweis TY, Hachum AY (2003) 11 Improving water productivity in the dry areas of West Asia and North Africa. Water Product Agric: Limits Oppor Improv 1:179","journal-title":"Water Product Agric: Limits Oppor Improv"},{"issue":"3","key":"19761_CR48","first-page":"33","volume":"6","author":"BP Panigrahy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Panigrahy BP, Singh PK, Tiwari AK, Kumar B, Kumar A (2015) Assessment of heavy metal pollution index for groundwater around Jharia coalfield region, India. J Biodivers Environ Sci 6(3):33\u201339","journal-title":"J Biodivers Environ Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"19761_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1029\/TR025i006p00914","volume":"25","author":"AM Piper","year":"1944","unstructured":"Piper AM (1944) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 25(6):914\u2013928","journal-title":"EOS Trans Am Geophys Union"},{"issue":"3","key":"19761_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-012-0042-5","volume":"2","author":"SV Prasanth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prasanth SV, Magesh NS, Jitheshlal KV, Chandrasekar N, Gangadhar KJAWS (2012) Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal stretch of Alappuzha District, Kerala. India Applied Water Science 2(3):165\u2013175","journal-title":"India Applied Water Science"},{"key":"19761_CR51","unstructured":"Raghunath, H. M. (1987). Ground water: hydrogeology, ground water survey and pumping tests, rural water supply and irrigation systems. New Age International.\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR52","unstructured":"Rainwater, F. H., & Thatcher, L. L. (1960).\u00a0Methods for collection and analysis of water samples\u00a0(No. 1454\u20131458). US Government Printing Office.\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao, N. S., & Chaudhary, M. (2019). Hydrogeochemical processes regulating the spatial distribution of groundwater contamination, using pollution index of groundwater (PIG) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA): a case study.\u00a0Groundwater for Sustainable Development,\u00a09, 100238.\u200f","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.100238"},{"issue":"2","key":"19761_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00393-5","volume":"42","author":"NS Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rao NS, Sunitha B, Adimalla N, Chaudhary M (2020) Quality criteria for groundwater use from a rural part of Wanaparthy District, Telangana State, India, through ionic spatial distribution (ISD), entropy water quality index (EWQI) and principal component analysis (PCA). Environ Geochem Health 42(2):579\u2013599","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"19761_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.8456","volume":"26","author":"SN Rao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rao SN (2012) PIG: a numerical index for dissemination of groundwater contamination zones. Hydrol Process 26(22):3344\u20133350","journal-title":"Hydrol Process"},{"key":"19761_CR56","unstructured":"Raslan, S. M. (1995). Geomorphological and hydrogeological studies on some localities along the Northwestern Coast of Egypt.\u00a0Menofia, Egypt.\u200f"},{"issue":"1","key":"19761_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1399-2","volume":"173","author":"P Ravikumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ravikumar P, Somashekar RK, Angami M (2011) Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State. India Environ Monitor Assess 173(1):459\u2013487","journal-title":"India Environ Monitor Assess"},{"key":"19761_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards, L. A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Handbook, 60. USDA, Washington, USA.","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-195408000-00012"},{"key":"19761_CR59","unstructured":"Sewidan, A. S. (1978).\u00a0Water budget analysis for the northwestern coastal zone of the Arab Republic of Egypt\u00a0(Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Sci., Cairo Univ., Egypt).\u200f"},{"issue":"4","key":"19761_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-005-0081-4","volume":"49","author":"M Sherif","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sherif M, Mahmoudi AE, Garamoon H, Kacimov A, Akram S, Ebraheem A, Shetty A (2006) Geoelectrical and hydrogeochemical studies for delineating seawater intrusion in the outlet of Wadi Ham. UAE Environmental Geology 49(4):536\u2013551","journal-title":"UAE Environmental Geology"},{"issue":"4","key":"19761_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2006.02.001","volume":"22","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shrestha S, Kazama F (2007) Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin. Japan Environ Model Softw 22(4):464\u2013475","journal-title":"Japan Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"19761_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh EJK, Gupta A, Singh NR (2013) Groundwater quality in Imphal west district, Manipur, India, with multivariate statistical analysis of data. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:2421\u20132434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-012-1127-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1127-2"},{"issue":"12","key":"19761_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"190","author":"D Smita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smita D, Dwivedi A, Suresh Kumar M (2018) Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river. Environ Monit Assess 190(12):1\u201317","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"19761_CR64","unstructured":"Solomon, S., Manning, M., Marquis, M., & Qin, D. (2007).\u00a0Climate change 2007\u2014the physical science basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC\u00a0(Vol. 4). Cambridge University Press.\u200f"},{"issue":"1","key":"19761_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2013.08.001","volume":"26","author":"K Srinivasamoorthy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath M, Chidambaram S, Vasanthavigar M, Sarma VS (2014) Hydrochemical characterization and quality appraisal of groundwater from Pungar sub basin, Tamilnadu. India J King Saud University-Sci 26(1):37\u201352","journal-title":"India J King Saud University-Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"19761_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2118\/951376-G","volume":"3","author":"HA Stiff","year":"1951","unstructured":"Stiff HA (1951) The interpretation of chemical water analysis by means of patterns. J Petrol Technol 3(10):15\u201323","journal-title":"J Petrol Technol"},{"key":"19761_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subba Rao N, Sunitha B, Rambabu R, Rao PN, Rao PS, Spandana BD, Marghade D (2018) Quality and degree of pollution of groundwater, using PIG from a rural part of Telangana State, India. Appl Water Sci 8(8):1\u201313","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-018-0864-x"},{"key":"19761_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taiwo, A. M., Michael, J. O., Gbadebo, A. M., & Oladoyinbo, F. O. (2019). Pollution and health risk assessment of road dust from Osogbo metropolis, Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria.\u00a0Human and ecological risk assessment: an international journal.\u200f","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1563478"},{"key":"19761_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.025","volume":"96","author":"M Tripathi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tripathi M, Singal SK (2019) Use of principal component analysis for parameter selection for development of a novel water quality index: a case study of river Ganga India. Ecol Ind 96:430\u2013436","journal-title":"Ecol Ind"},{"key":"19761_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ustao\u011flu, F., Tepe, Y., & Ta\u015f, B. (2020). Assessment of stream quality and health risk in a subtropical Turkey river system: a combined approach using statistical analysis and water quality index. Ecological indicators, 113, 105815.\u200f","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105815"},{"issue":"12","key":"19761_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00138-9","volume":"32","author":"M Vega","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vega M, Pardo R, Barrado E, Deb\u00e1n L (1998) Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Res 32(12):3581\u20133592","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"19761_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1643-9","volume":"177","author":"R Vijay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vijay R, Khobragade P, Mohapatra PK (2011) Assessment of groundwater quality in Puri City, India: an impact of anthropogenic activities. Environ Monit Assess 177(1):409\u2013418","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"19761_CR73","volume-title":"Guidelines for drinking water quality","author":"WHO","year":"2017","unstructured":"WHO (2017) Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva","edition":"3"},{"key":"19761_CR74","unstructured":"Wilcox, L. (1955). Classification and use of irrigation waters (No. 969). US Department of Agriculture.\u200f"},{"key":"19761_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-009-0132-3","volume":"59","author":"SM Yidana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yidana SM, Yidana A (2010) Assessing water quality using water quality index and multivariate analysis. Environ Earth Sci 59:1461\u20131473","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"19761_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-014-1522-8","volume":"8","author":"M Yousif","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yousif M (2015) Integration of the geomorphologic and geologic studies for water potentialities development in El Zarraqa and El Harraqa basins, East Matrouh, northwestern coast. Egypt Arab J Geosci 8(7):4603\u20134626","journal-title":"Egypt Arab J Geosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"19761_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11053-014-9252-x","volume":"23","author":"M Yousif","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yousif M, Oguchi T, Anazawa K, Ohba T (2014) Geospatial information and environmental isotopes for hydrogeological evaluation: Ras Alam El Rum, Northwestern Coast of Egypt. Nat Resour Res 23(4):423\u2013445","journal-title":"Nat Resour Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"19761_CR78","first-page":"407","volume":"1","author":"FE Zeuner","year":"1959","unstructured":"Zeuner FE (1959) Jurassic beetles from Grahamland. Antarctica Palaeontology 1(4):407\u2013409","journal-title":"Antarctica Palaeontology"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19761-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19761-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19761-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T02:29:28Z","timestamp":1663295368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19761-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["19761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-19761-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}