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The aim of this research was to develop a method based on solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse multi-class antibiotics, including macrolides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines, in waters. Several parameters affecting the extraction such as the sample pH, type of sorbent and cartridge, elution volume and breakthrough volume were optimized. The method was validated in real samples, and matrix effect was assessed, demonstrating that the use of isotopically labelled surrogate compounds was mandatory to avoid standard addition calibration for each individual samples. Urban and hospital wastewater samples, as well as natural waters, were analysed, confirming the presence of 12 of the 14 target compounds at concentrations up to 3.5\u00a0\u00b5g L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Non-target analysis based on data-independent workflow was also performed, enabling the identification of 94 pollutants. Preliminary photodegradation experiments were also assessed, revealing the total removal of many target compounds after the first 5\u201310\u00a0min of UVC irradiation. In addition, 20 by-products formed after photolysis could be identified using a non-target approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22130-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T12:02:45Z","timestamp":1659614565000},"page":"1871-1888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Complementarity of two approaches based on the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of multi-class antibiotics in water. 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