{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1793048548254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Science Centre NCN","award":["2017\/01\/X\/ST10\/00786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/01\/X\/ST10\/00786"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A sewage sludge incineration ash contains large amounts of phosphorus, which are considered as a novel anthropogenic waste\u2013based substitute for phosphorus natural resources. Phosphorus is accumulated at most in phosphate minerals of whitlockite structure, that contain Fe, Ca, and Mg and in the matrix composed of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na in various proportions. The goal of this study was to estimate phosphorus recovery potential. A four-stage sequential extraction, following the modified Golterman procedure, was applied. Separation of four independent fractions enabled to understand better the manner of phosphorus occurrence in the studied ash. The results of the extraction indicated the greatest release of phosphorus combined with organic matter using sulfuric acid. The release was on average at the level of 64%. The chelating Na-EDTA compound indicated lower ability to extract phosphorus (at the level of 35%), and the highest ability to extract heavy metals and potentially toxic elements (As, Zn, Mo). The sequential extraction led to the total recovery of phosphorus of around 40\u201360%<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22618-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T23:33:47Z","timestamp":1663630427000},"page":"13067-13078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The assessment of phosphorus recovery potential in sewage sludge incineration ashes \u2014 a case study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7117-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kasina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"63","key":"22618_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38640","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ra07210a","volume":"10","author":"J Anawati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anawati J, Azimi G (2020) Recovery and separation of phosphorus as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate for fertilizer and livestock feed additive production from a low-grade phosphate ore. RSC Adv 10(63):38640\u201338653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0ra07210a","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"22618_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.5601\/jelem.2010.15.3.435-443","volume":"15","author":"J Antonkiewicz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antonkiewicz J (2010) Effect of sewage sludge and furnace waste on the content of selected elements in the sward of legume-grass mixture. J Elem 15(3):435\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5601\/jelem.2010.15.3.435-443","journal-title":"J Elem"},{"issue":"6","key":"22618_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/92889","volume":"19","author":"J Antonkiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antonkiewicz J, Ko\u0142odziej B, Bieli\u0144ska EJ, Gle\u0144-Karolczyk K (2018) The use of macroelements from municipal sewage sludge by the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals. J Ecol Eng 19(6):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12911\/22998993\/92889","journal-title":"J Ecol Eng"},{"key":"22618_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alewell C, Ringeval B, Ballabio CA, Robinson DA, Panagos P, Borrelli P (2020) Global phosphorus shortage will be aggravated by soil erosion. Nat Commun 11, 4546 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18326-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18326-7"},{"issue":"8","key":"22618_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3390\/w13081102","volume":"13","author":"M Baldi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baldi M, Martinotti A, Sorlini S, Katsoyiannis IA, Abb\u00e0 A, CarnevaleMiino M, Collivignarelli MC (2021) Extraction and purification of phosphorus from the ashes of incinerated biological sewage sludge. Water 13(8):1102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w13081102","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"22618_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20168","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7193-0","volume":"23","author":"D Belhaj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Belhaj D, Elloumi N, Jerbi B, Zouari M, Abdallah FB, Ayadi H, Kallel M (2016) Effects of sewage sludge fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation and consequent responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:20168\u201320177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-016-7193-0","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"22618_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/s1001-0742(08)62484-5","volume":"21","author":"BK Biswas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biswas BK, Inoue K, Harada H, Ohto K, Kawakita H (2009) Leaching of phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash by means of acid extraction followed by adsorption on orange waste gel. J Environ Sci 21(12):1753\u20131760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1001-0742(08)62484-5","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"22618_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330903213879","volume":"30","author":"Y Cohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen Y (2009) Phosphorus dissolution from ash of incinerated sewage sludge and animal carcasses using sulphuric acid. Environ Technol 30(11):1215\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593330903213879","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"key":"22618_CR9","unstructured":"Commission Decision of 18 December 2014 amending Decision 2000\/532\/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (n. d.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"22618_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009","volume":"19","author":"D Cordell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cordell D, Drangert J-O, White S (2009) The story of phosphorus: global food security and food for thought. Glob Environ Chang 19(2):292\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009","journal-title":"Glob Environ Chang"},{"issue":"6","key":"22618_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2009.045","volume":"59","author":"P Cornel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cornel P, Schaum C (2009) Phosphorus recovery from wastewater: needs, technologies and costs. Water Sci Technol 59(6):1069\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2009.045","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"22618_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2013.866531","volume":"45","author":"E Desmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Desmidt E, Ghyselbrecht K, Zhang Y, Pinoy L, Van der Bruggen B, Verstraete W, Rabaey K, Meesschaert B (2015) Global phosphorus scarcity and full-scale P-Recovery techniques: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 45(4):336\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10643389.2013.866531","journal-title":"Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"22618_CR13","unstructured":"European Commission. Report on Critical Raw Materials for the EU (2014) In Report of the Ad-Hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials; Raw Materials Supply Group: Brussels, Belgium, 2014."},{"key":"22618_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.023","volume":"193","author":"L Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang L, Li JS, Guo MZ, Cheeseman CR, Tsang DCW, Donatello S, Poon CS (2018) Phosphorus recovery and leaching of trace elements from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA). Chemosphere 193:278\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"22618_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.08.011","volume":"28","author":"M Franz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franz M (2008) Phosphate fertilizer from sewage sludge ash (SSA). Waste Manage 28(10):1809\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.08.011","journal-title":"Waste Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"22618_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00013687","volume":"335","author":"HL Golterman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Golterman HL (1996) Fractionation of sediment phosphate with chelating compounds: a simplification, and comparison with other methods. Hydrobiologia 335(1):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00013687","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"22618_CR17","first-page":"725","volume":"60","author":"K Gorazda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gorazda K, Wzorek Z, Tarko B, Nowak AK, Kulczycka J, Henclik A (2013) Phosphorus cycle - possibilities for its rebuilding. Acta Biochim Pol 60(4):725\u2013730","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"22618_CR18","unstructured":"Guidance on classification of waste according to EWC-Stat categories (2010) Supplement to the Manual for the Implementation of the Regulation (EC) No 2150\/2002 on Waste Statistics.\u00a0EUROSTAT"},{"issue":"7","key":"22618_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/s0043-1354(01)00391-8","volume":"36","author":"Y Jaffer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaffer Y, Clark T, Pearce P, Parsons S (2002) Potential phosphorus recovery by struvite formation. Water Res 36(7):1834\u20131842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0043-1354(01)00391-8","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"22618_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.01.040","volume":"33","author":"Y Kalmykova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalmykova Y, Karlfeldt Fedje K (2013) Phosphorus recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Waste Manage 33(6):1403\u20131410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.01.040","journal-title":"Waste Manage"},{"key":"22618_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kasina M, Kajdas B, Michalik M (2021) The leaching potential of sewage sludge and municipal waste incineration ashes in terms of landfill safety and potential reuse. Sci Total Environ 791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148313"},{"issue":"11","key":"22618_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/resources9110131","volume":"9","author":"M Kasina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasina M, Kowalski P, Kajdas B, Michalik M (2020) Assessment of valuable and critical elements recovery potential in ashes from processes of solid municipal waste and sewage sludge thermal treatment. Resources 9(11):131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/resources9110131","journal-title":"Resources"},{"issue":"4","key":"22618_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-019-00845-1","volume":"21","author":"M Kasina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kasina M, Wendorff-Belon M, Kowalski PR, Michalik M (2019) Characterization of incineration residues from wastewater treatment plant in Polish city: a future waste based source of valuable elements? J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 21(4):885\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10163-019-00845-1","journal-title":"J Mater Cycles Waste Manage"},{"key":"22618_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lamastra L, Suciu NA, Trevisan M (2018) Sewage sludge for sustainable agriculture: contaminants\u2019 contents and potential use as fertilizer. Chem Biol Technol Agric 5(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40538-018-0122-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-018-0122-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"22618_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380701640573","volume":"39","author":"KS Le Corre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Le Corre KS, Valsami-Jones E, Hobbs P, Parsons SA (2009) Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 39(6):433\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10643380701640573","journal-title":"Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"22618_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang S, Chen H, Zeng X, Li Z, Yu W, Xiao K, \u2026 Yang J (2019) A comparison between sulfuric acid and oxalic acid leaching with subsequent purification and precipitation for phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge incineration ash. Water Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.022"},{"key":"22618_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/min9040253","volume":"9","author":"Y Ruan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruan Y, He D, Chi R (2019) Review on beneficiation techniques and reagents used for phosphate ores. Minerals 9:253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/min9040253","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"22618_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meng X, Chen WW, Wang YY, Huang ZR, Ye X, Chen LS, Yang LT (2021) Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis. PloS One 16(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246944"},{"issue":"3","key":"22618_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4067\/s0718-95162017000300003","volume":"17","author":"N Nongqwenga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nongqwenga N, Muchaonyerwa P, Hughes J, Odindo A, Bame I (2017) Possible use of struvite as an alternative phosphate fertilizer. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 17(3):581\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/s0718-95162017000300003","journal-title":"J Soil Sci Plant Nutr"},{"key":"22618_CR30","unstructured":"Schroder JJ, Cordell D, Smit AL, Rosemarin A (2009) Sustainable use of phosphorus, European Union tender project ENV.B.1\/ETU\/2009\/0025). Report 357, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre. 122 pp. Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"issue":"17","key":"22618_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.11.005","volume":"97","author":"L Shu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shu L, Schneider P, Jegatheesan V, Johnson J (2006) An economic evaluation of phosphorus recovery as struvite from digester supernatant. Biores Technol 97(17):2211\u20132216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.11.005","journal-title":"Biores Technol"},{"key":"22618_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song Y, Hahn HH, Hoffmann E (2002) The effect of carbonate on the precipitation of calcium phosphate. Environ Technol 23(2):207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593332508618427","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332508618427"},{"key":"22618_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259855","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259855","volume":"347","author":"W Steffen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockstr\u00f6m J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM et al (2015) Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 347:1259855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1259855","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"22618_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0652","volume":"49","author":"K Stendahl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stendahl K, J\u00e4fverstr\u00f6m S (2004) Recycling of sludge with the Aqua Reci process. Water Sci Technol 49(10):233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2004.0652","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"40","key":"22618_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22276","DOI":"10.1039\/c8ra03203c","volume":"8","author":"J Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun J, Xiu Y-F, Huang K, Yu J-T, Alam S, Zhu H-M, Guo Z-C (2018) Selective recovery of phosphorus from acid leach liquor of iron ore by garlic peel adsorbent. RSC Adv 8(40):22276\u201322285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c8ra03203c","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"22618_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2747-3","volume":"401","author":"PJ Talboys","year":"2016","unstructured":"Talboys PJ, Heppell J, Roose T, Healey JR, Jones DL, Withers PJA (2016) Struvite: a slow-release fertiliser for sustainable phosphorus management? Plant Soil 401(1\u20132):109\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-015-2747-3","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"22618_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.048","volume":"542","author":"KC Van Dijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Dijk KC, Lesschen JP, Oenema O (2016) Phosphorus flows and balances of the European Union Member States. Sci Total Environ 542:1078\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.048","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"22618_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.01.254","volume":"181","author":"Q Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Q, Li J-S, Tang P, Fang L, Poon CS (2018) Sustainable reclamation of phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash as value-added struvite by chemical extraction, purification and crystallization. J Clean Prod 181:717\u2013725","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"22618_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10201-012-0397-1","volume":"14","author":"C Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang C, Zhang Y, Li H, Morrison RJ (2013) Sequential extraction procedures for the determination of phosphorus forms in sediment. Limnology 14(2):147\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10201-012-0397-1","journal-title":"Limnology"},{"key":"22618_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.06.029","volume":"95","author":"F Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang F, Chen J, Yang M, Wang X, Sun Y, Xu Y, Qian G (2019) Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge via incineration with chlorine-based additives. Waste Manage 95:644\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.06.029","journal-title":"Waste Manage"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-22618-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-022-22618-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-22618-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T04:08:35Z","timestamp":1675397315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-022-22618-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["22618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-22618-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}