{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:25:59Z","timestamp":1788279959869,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23353-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T12:02:28Z","timestamp":1664625748000},"page":"16386-16397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Health risk assessment of exposure to ambient formaldehyde in carpet manufacturing industries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2265-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Khoshakhlagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Jen","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"23353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2019.1655634","volume":"27","author":"A Badeenezhad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badeenezhad A, Radfard M, Passalari H, Parseh I, Abbasi F, Rostami S (2021) Factors affecting the nitrate concentration and its health risk assessment in drinking groundwater by application of Monte Carlo simulation and geographic information system. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 27:1458\u20131471","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"23353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.06.016","volume":"84","author":"V Bansal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bansal V, Kim KH (2015) Review of PAH contamination in food products and their health hazards. Environ Int 84:26\u201338","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"23353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.08.032","volume":"87","author":"M Chabukdhara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chabukdhara M, Nema AK (2013) Heavy metals assessment in urban soil around industrial clusters in Ghaziabad, India: probabilistic health risk approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 87:57\u201364","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"23353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.12.101","volume":"171","author":"G Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen G, Wang X, Wang R, Liu G (2019) Health risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in subsidence water bodies using a Monte Carlo approach: an example from the Huainan coal mining area, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 171:737\u2013745","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"23353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.07.037","volume":"242","author":"M Delikhoon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delikhoon M, Fazlzadeh M, Sorooshian A, Baghani AN, Golaki M, Ashournejad Q, Barkhordari A (2018) Characteristics and health effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an urban area in Iran. Environ Pollut 242:938\u2013951","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"23353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2021.e00116","volume":"29","author":"S Dugheri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dugheri S, Massi D, Mucci N, Marrubini G, Cappelli G, Speltini A, Bonferoni MC, Arcangeli G (2021) Exposure to airborne formaldehyde: sampling and analytical methods\u2014a review. Trends Environ Anal Chem 29:e00116","journal-title":"Trends Environ Anal Chem"},{"key":"23353_CR7","first-page":"41","volume":"11","author":"S Giri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giri S, Singh R, Singh M (2020) Physico-chemical properties of carpet industry effluents of district Bhadohi, India. Indian J Sci Res 11:41\u201345","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Res"},{"key":"23353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.106","volume":"196","author":"M Gul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gul M, Ak MF (2018) A comparative outline for quantifying risk ratings in occupational health and safety risk assessment. J Clean Prod 196:653\u2013664","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"23353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.05.020","volume":"143","author":"J Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo J, Iwata H (2017) Risk assessment of triclosan in the global environment using a probabilistic approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 143:111\u2013119","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"23353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079553","volume":"8","author":"L Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang L, Mo J, Sundell J, Fan Z, Zhang Y (2013) Health risk assessment of inhalation exposure to formaldehyde and benzene in newly remodeled buildings, Beijing. Plos One 8:e79553","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"23353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.152","volume":"616","author":"LN Huy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huy LN, Lee SC, Zhang Z (2018) Human cancer risk estimation for 1, 3-butadiene: an assessment of personal exposure and different microenvironments. Sci Total Environ 616:1599\u20131611","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2019.1676421","volume":"101","author":"M Jahanbakhsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahanbakhsh M, Afshar A, Momeni Feeli S, Pabast M, Ebrahimi T, Mirzaei M, Akbari-Adergani B, Farid M, Arabameri M (2021) Probabilistic health risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation method) and prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in wheat flours of Iran. Int J Environ Anal Chem 101:1074\u20131085","journal-title":"Int J Environ Anal Chem"},{"key":"23353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10627-0","volume":"28","author":"M Jalali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jalali M, Moghadam SR, Baziar M, Hesam G, Moradpour Z, Zakeri HR (2021) Occupational exposure to formaldehyde, lifetime cancer probability, and hazard quotient in pathology lab employees in Iran: a quantitative risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:1878\u20131888","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"23353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112629","volume":"224","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Oyola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Oyola S, Chavez E, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez M-J, Ortega MF, Bolonio D, Guzm\u00e1n-Mart\u00ednez F, Garc\u00eda-Garizabal I, Romero P (2021) Probabilistic multi-pathway human health risk assessment due to heavy metal (loid) s in a traditional gold mining area in Ecuador. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 224:112629","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"23353_CR15","unstructured":"Karami Mosafer A BA, Assari MJ, Zolhavarie M (2017) Risk assessment of occupational exposure to formaldehyde among employees of the pathology department in educational hospitals of Hamadan city, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"23353_CR16","first-page":"305","volume":"50","author":"J Lavoue","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lavoue J, Vincent R, Gerin M (2006) Statistical modelling of formaldehyde occupational exposure levels in French industries, 1986\u20132003. Ann Occup Hyg 50:305\u2013321","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"23353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620802275023","volume":"5","author":"J Lavou\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lavou\u00e9 J, Vincent R, G\u00e9rin M (2008) Formaldehyde exposure in US industries from OSHA air sampling data. J Occup Environ Hyg 5:575\u2013587","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"23353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2016.1211284","volume":"14","author":"EG Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee EG, Magrm R, Kusti M, Kashon ML, Guffey S, Costas MM, Boykin CJ, Harper M (2017) Comparison between active (pumped) and passive (diffusive) sampling methods for formaldehyde in pathology and histology laboratories. J Occup Environ Hyg 14:31\u201339","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"23353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2019.01.011","volume":"10","author":"PH Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li PH, Yu J, Bi CL, Yue JJ, Li QQ, Wang L, Liu J, Xiao Z, Guo L, Huang BJ (2019) Health risk assessment for highway toll station workers exposed to PM2. 5-bound heavy metals. Atmos Pollut Res 10:1024\u20131030","journal-title":"Atmos Pollut Res"},{"key":"23353_CR20","first-page":"597","volume":"52","author":"L Lillienberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lillienberg L, Burdorf A, Mathiasson L, Th\u00f6rneby L (2008) Exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols and determinants of exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 52:597\u2013605","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"23353_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.03.044","volume":"368","author":"H L\u00fc","year":"2006","unstructured":"L\u00fc H, Wen S, Feng Y, Wang X, Bi X, Sheng G, Fu J (2006) Indoor and outdoor carbonyl compounds and BTEX in the hospitals of Guangzhou, China. Sci Total Environ 368:574\u2013584","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110774","volume":"200","author":"WL Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma WL, Zhu FJ, Liu LY, Jia HL, Yang M, Li YF (2020) PAHs in Chinese atmosphere Part II: health risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 200:110774","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"23353_CR23","first-page":"446","volume":"110","author":"N Mucci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mucci N, Dugheri S, Rapisarda V, Campagna M, Garzaro G, Farioli A, Cappelli G, Arcangeli G (2019) Occupational exposure to airborne formaldehyde in hospital: setting an automatic sampling system, comparing different monitoring methods and applying them to assess exposure. Med Lav 110:446\u2013458","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"23353_CR24","unstructured":"Organization WH (2000) Air quality guidelines for Europe. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe"},{"key":"23353_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page NP (2019) Human health risk assessment, Basic Environmental Toxicology. CRC Press, 561\u2013580","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315138091-21"},{"key":"23353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1562883","volume":"25","author":"H Qiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiu H, Gui H (2019) Heavy metals contamination in shallow groundwater of a coal-mining district and a probabilistic assessment of its human health risk. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25:548\u2013563","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"23353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2010.1413.1420","volume":"10","author":"J Ratnasingam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ratnasingam J, Natthondan V, Ioras F, McNulty T (2010) Dust, noise and chemical solvents exposure of workers in the wooden furniture industry in South East Asia. J Appl Sci 10:1413\u20131420","journal-title":"J Appl Sci"},{"key":"23353_CR28","unstructured":"Roberts SM, James RC, Williams PL (2015) Principles of toxicology: environmental and industrial applications, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 385\u2013388"},{"key":"23353_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.10.023","volume":"185","author":"N Saha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saha N, Rahman MS, Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W (2017) Industrial metal pollution in water and probabilistic assessment of human health risk. J Environ Manage 185:70\u201378","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"23353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_86_17","volume":"21","author":"FG Shanh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shanh FG, Rahimnejad S, Bahrami A, Farhadian M (2017) Risk assessment of workers' exposure to volatile organic compounds in the air of a petrochemical complex in Iran. Indian J Occup Environ Med 21:121\u2013127","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"23353_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112094","volume":"204","author":"Z Soltanpour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soltanpour Z, Mohammadian Y, Fakhri Y (2022) The exposure to formaldehyde in industries and health care centers: a systematic review and probabilistic health risk assessment. Environ Res 204:112094","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"23353_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.04.006","volume":"46","author":"FW Sousa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sousa FW, Caracas IB, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM (2011) Exposure and cancer risk assessment for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the hospitals, Fortaleza-Brazil. Build Environ 46:2115\u20132120","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"23353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1510729","volume":"26","author":"R Tong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tong R, Ma X, Zhang Y, Shao G, Shi M (2018) Source analysis and health risk-assessment of ambient volatile organic compounds in automobile manufacturing processes. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:359\u2013383","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"23353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mran.2017.12.001","volume":"8","author":"N Van Abel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Abel N, Taylor MB (2018) The use of quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the health risk from viral water exposures in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Microb Risk Anal 8:32\u201349","journal-title":"Microb Risk Anal"},{"key":"23353_CR35","first-page":"26","volume":"39","author":"L Vimercati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vimercati L, Carrus A, Martino T, Galise I, Minunni V, Caputo F, Dell\u2019Erba A, Assennato G (2010) Formaldehyde exposure and irritative effects on medical examiners, pathologic anatomy post-graduate students and technicians. Iran. J Public Health 39:26\u201334","journal-title":"Iran. J Public Health"},{"key":"23353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.10.007","volume":"221","author":"J Waschke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waschke J, Bergmann M, Braeuer L, Brenner E, Buchhorn A, Deutsch A, Dokter M, Egu DT, Erg\u00fcn S, Fassnacht U (2019) Recommendations of the working group of the Anatomische Gesellschaft on reduction of formaldehyde exposure in anatomical curricula and institutes. Ann Anat 221:179\u2013185","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"23353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2014.11.005","volume":"112","author":"X Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wei X, Gao B, Wang P, Zhou H, Lu J (2015) Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 112:186\u2013192","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"23353_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.09.009","volume":"35","author":"C-f Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu C-f, Wu S-y, Wu Y-H, Cullen AC, Larson TV, Williamson J, Liu L-JS (2009) Cancer risk assessment of selected hazardous air pollutants in Seattle. Environ Int 35:516\u2013522","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"23353_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08874-4","volume":"20","author":"S Yazdanirad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yazdanirad S, Golbabaei F, Monazzam MR, Dehghan H, Foroushani AR (2020) Development of a personal heat strain risk assessment (PHSRA) index in workplaces and its validation. BMC Public Health 20:1\u201310","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23353-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23353-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23353-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T16:21:00Z","timestamp":1675873260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23353-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["23353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23353-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval for this study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS) (No: IR.KAUMS.NUHEPM.REC.1401.004).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All of the subjects had full consent to participate in the current study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}