{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:21:29Z","timestamp":1791861689441,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trace elements emitted by road transport cause long-term contamination of road soils. This study showed the effect of the noise barrier on the spatial distribution of metals in soils at the City Centre Ring Road in Wroc\u0142aw (Poland). Samples were taken along the barrier every 150\u00a0m and across the screen at distances of 0.5, 2.5, 5 (only on the left side), 10, 20, and 50\u00a0m from the noise screen on both sides of road no. 5. The contamination of soils was assessed with the use of commonly used individual pollution indices, integrated pollution indices based on the PI index or metal concentrations, and a potential ecological risk index (RI). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the single pollution index (PI) indicate moderate contamination of soils by Cu, Pb, and Zn at most measuring points. The significant risk was reported from Cd in all samples. Integrated pollution indices, especially the PI_Nemerow, PI_avg, and RI confirm the poor quality of studied soils. The presence of elements in soil is related to anthropogenic factors. The spatial distribution of pollution indices and results of statistical analysis (HCA) indicate that Cr and Ni are of natural origin. Remaining elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) are of mixed origin with a large share from car transport (the significant Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficients). In the case of cadmium, dendograms suggest the existence of an additional anthropogenic source, which is also confirmed by moderately strong correlations of this element with other metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23563-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T05:15:04Z","timestamp":1668230104000},"page":"26858-26873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application of individual and integrated pollution indices of trace elements to evaluate the noise barrier impact on the soil environment in Wroc\u0142aw (Poland)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ho\u0142tra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Zamorska-Wojdy\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"23563_CR1","first-page":"2714","volume":"14","author":"T Aljazzar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aljazzar T, Kocher B (2016) Monitoring of contaminant input into roadside soil from road runoff and airborne deposition. Transp Res Proc 14:2714\u20132723","journal-title":"Transp Res Proc"},{"key":"23563_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.06.003","volume":"45","author":"F Amato","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amato F, Pandolfi M, Moreno T, Furger M, Pey J, Alastuey A, Bukowiecki N, Prevot ASH, Baltensperger U, Querol X (2011) Sources and variability of inhalable street dust particles in Tyree European cities. Atmos Environ 45:6777\u20136787","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.05.001","volume":"138","author":"S Amini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amini S, Ahangar FE, Schulte N, Venkatram A (2016) Using models to interpret the impact of roadside barriers on near-road air quality. Atmos Environ 138:55\u201364","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.05.051","volume":"42","author":"R Baldauf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baldauf R, Thoma E, Khlystov A, Isakov V, Bowker G, Long T, Snow R (2008) Impacts of noise barriers on near-road air quality. Atmos Environ 42:7502\u20137507","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"23563_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7265-y","volume":"191","author":"CAR Bernardino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernardino CAR, Mahler CF, Santelli RE, Freire AS, Braz BF, Novo LAB (2019) Metal accumulation in roadside soils of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: impact of traffic volume, road age, and urbanization level. Environ Monit Assess 191(3):156","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"37","key":"23563_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.06.064","volume":"41","author":"GE Bowker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bowker GE, Baldauf R, Isakov V, Khlystov A, Petersen W (2007) The effects of roadside structures on the transport and dispersion of ultrafine particles from highways. Atmos Environ 41(37):8128\u20138139","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.12.002","volume":"58","author":"A Can","year":"2018","unstructured":"Can A, Aumond P (2018) Estimation of road traffic noise emissions: the influence of speed and acceleration. Transp Res Part d: Transp Environ 58:155\u2013171","journal-title":"Transp Res Part d: Transp Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR8","unstructured":"CEDR Technical Report 2017-02 State of the art in managing road traffic noise: noise barriers, pp 1\u201387. Available on https:\/\/www.cedr.eu\/publications"},{"issue":"2","key":"23563_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-010-9325-7","volume":"33","author":"S Charlesworth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Charlesworth S, De Miguel E, Ordonez A (2011) A review of the distribution of particulate trace elements in urban terrestrial environments and its application to consideration of risk. Environ Geochem Health 33(2):103\u2013123","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"23563_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.09.032","volume":"208","author":"S De Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Silva S, Ball AS, Huynh T, Reichman SM (2016) Metal accumulation in roadside soil in Melbourne, Australia: effect of road age, traffic density and vehicular speed. Environ Pollut 208(Pt A):102\u2013209","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"23563_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128135","volume":"263","author":"S De Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Silva S, Ball AS, Indrapala DV, Reichman SM (2021) Review of the interactions between vehicular emitted potentially toxic elements, roadside soils, and associated biota. Chemosphere 263:128135","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"23563_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.09.010","volume":"92","author":"TT Duong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duong TT, Lee BK (2011) Determining contamination level of heavy metals in road dust from busy traffic areas with different characteristics. J Environ Manag 92(3):554\u2013562","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"23563_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2012.02.001","volume":"17","author":"E Freitas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freitas E, Mendon\u00e7a C, Santos JA, Murteira C, Ferreira JP (2012) Traffic noise abatement: how different pavements, vehicle speeds and traffic densities affect annoyance levels. Transp Res Part d: Transp Environ 17(4):321\u2013326","journal-title":"Transp Res Part d: Transp Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.09.028","volume":"170","author":"M Ghasemian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemian M, Amini S, Princevac M (2017) The influence of roadside solid and vegetation barriers on near-road air quality. Atmos Environ 170:108\u2013117","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR15","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ortiz A, Guerreiro C, De Leeuw F (2017) Air quality in Europe - 2017 report. European Environment\nAgency, Luksembourg. EEA Report 13\/2017. Published: 2017-12-20. Available on www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/air-quality-in-europe-2017"},{"key":"23563_CR16","volume-title":"Air quality in Europe\u20132018 report","author":"C Guerreiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guerreiro C, Gonz\u00e1lez Ortiz A, De Leeuw F, Viana M, Colette A (2018) Air quality in Europe - 2018 report.\nEuropean Environment Agency, Luksembourg. EEA Report 12\/2018.\nPublished: 2019-01-07 Available on www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/air-quality-in-europe-2018"},{"issue":"15","key":"23563_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.02.030","volume":"45","author":"GSW Hagler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hagler GSW, Tang W, Freeman MJ, Heist DK, Perry SG, Vette AF (2011) Model evaluation of roadside barrier impact on near-road air pollution. Atmos Environ 45(15):2522\u20132530","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.12.002","volume":"419","author":"GSW Hagler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagler GSW, Lin MY, Khlystov A, Baldauf RW, Isakov V, Faircloth J (2012) Field investigation of roadside vegetative and structural barrier impact on near-road ultrafine particle concentrations under a variety of wind conditions. Sci Total Environ 419:7\u201315","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR19","first-page":"195","volume":"522190","author":"I Hajok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajok I, Rogala D, Spycha\u0142a A (2017) Effectiveness of highway noise barriers in reducing exposure to heavy metals from linear emission Hygeia. Public Health 522190:195 (in Polish)","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"23563_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.096","volume":"631\u2013632","author":"A Ho\u0142tra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ho\u0142tra A, Zamorska-Wojdy\u0142a D (2018) The input of trace elements from the motor transport into urban soils of Wroc\u0142aw, Poland. Sci Total Environ 631\u2013632:1163\u20131174","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16086","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08072-0","volume":"27","author":"A Ho\u0142tra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ho\u0142tra A, Zamorska-Wojdy\u0142a D (2020) The pollution indices of trace elements in soils and plants close to the copper and zinc smelting works in Poland\u2019s Lower Silesia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:16086\u201316099","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"23563_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5572\/ajae.2015.9.1.022","volume":"9","author":"SJ Jeong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jeong SJ (2015) A CFD study of roadside barrier impact on the dispersion of road air pollution. Asian J Atmos Environ 9(1):22\u201330","journal-title":"Asian J Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"31","key":"23563_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.10.024","volume":"43","author":"C Johanssona","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johanssona C, Norman M, Burman L (2009) Road traffic emission factors for heavy metals. Atmos Environ 43(31):4681\u20134688","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR24","unstructured":"Kaba\u0142a C, Chodak T (2002) Soils. In: Smolnicki K, Szykasiuk M (eds) The environment of Wroc\u0142aw: Report 2002. Dolno\u015bl\u0105ska Fundacja Ekorozwoju, Wroc\u0142aw, pp 66\u201373 (in Polish)"},{"key":"23563_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabata-Pendias A (2011) Trace elements of soil and plants (4th ed.). Boca Raton CRC press, Tylor & Francis Group, pp. 28\u2013534","DOI":"10.1201\/b10158"},{"issue":"1","key":"23563_CR26","first-page":"131","volume":"10","author":"B Karbowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karbowska B, Sydow M, Zemburzuski W (2017) Cadmium and lead content in the barrier dusts sampled from the noise barriers located near to Pozna\u0144 (Poland) \u2013 a preliminary study. ACEE 10(1):131\u2013136","journal-title":"ACEE"},{"key":"23563_CR27","unstructured":"KBR (2018) Report on the comprehensive traffic research in Wroclaw and the vicinity. Implementation of stage V. Traffic volume measurements. In: Public information bulletin (bip) of Municipal Office of Wroc\u0142aw, Wroc\u0142aw, pp 37\u201339, pp 45\u201347 (in Polish)"},{"issue":"11","key":"23563_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-2433-8","volume":"184","author":"B Kluge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kluge B, Wessolek G (2012) Heavy metal pattern and solute concentration in soils along the oldest highway of the Word-the AVUS Autobahn. Environ Monit Assess 184(11):6469\u20136481","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"23563_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-018-0106-z","volume":"40","author":"JB Kowalska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kowalska JB, Mazurek R, G\u0105siorek M, Zaleski T (2018) Pollution indices as useful tools for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of soil contamination\u2013a review. Environ Geochem Health 40(6):2395\u20132420","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"23563_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90143-8","volume":"14","author":"H Lars","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lars H (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic Pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Res 14:975\u20131001","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"23563_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2016.10.019","volume":"49","author":"F Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li F, Liao SS, Cai M (2016) A new probability statistical model for traffic noise prediction on free flow roads and control flow roads. Transp Res Part d: Transp Environ 49:313\u2013322","journal-title":"Transp Res Part d: Transp Environ"},{"issue":"8","key":"23563_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3062-1","volume":"185","author":"I Massas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Massas I, Kalivas D, Ehaliotis C, Gasparatos D (2013) Total and available heavy metal concentrations in soils of the Thriassio plain (Greece) and assessment of soil pollution indexes. Environ Monit Assess 185(8):6751\u20136766","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"23563_CR33","unstructured":"PN\u2013ISO 10390 (1997) Polish version. Soil quality - determination of pH. Polish committee for standardization\n(PKN). Published: 11.12.1997 Available on https:\/\/www.pkn.pl"},{"key":"23563_CR34","unstructured":"PN\u2013ISO 11047 (2001) Polish version. Soil quality - determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc in soil extracts with aqua regia - flame and electrothermic. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Methods. Polish Committee for Standardization (PKN). Published: 06.11.2001. Available on https:\/\/www.pkn.pl"},{"key":"23563_CR35","unstructured":"Regulation of the Polish Ministry of Environment (2016) from September 1st, 2016, regarding the manner of conducting the assessment of the contamination of ground, pos. 1395"},{"key":"23563_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12778","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8910-z","volume":"24","author":"S R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ski","year":"2017","unstructured":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ski S, Jaworska H, Matuszczak K, Nowak J, Hardy A (2017) Impact of highway traffic and the acoustic screen on the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:12778\u201312786","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"23563_CR37","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Treatise on geochemistry 3","author":"RL Rudnick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry 3. The Crust, Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1\u201364"},{"issue":"3","key":"23563_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11030290","volume":"11","author":"J Rybak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rybak J, Wr\u00f3bel M, Biha\u0142owicz JS, Rogula-Koz\u0142owska W (2020) Selected metals in urban road dust: upper and Lower Silesia case study. Atmosphere 11(3):290","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"23563_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1021\/es034145s","volume":"37","author":"PG Sanders","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sanders PG, Xu N, Dalka TM, Maricq M (2003) Airborne brake wear, size distributions, composition, and a comparison of dynamometer and vehicle tests. Environ Sci Technol 37:4060\u20134069","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"23563_CR40","first-page":"178","volume":"68","author":"I S\u00f3wka","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00f3wka I, Bezyk Y, Pachurka \u0141 (2015) Analysis and assessment of air quality in the cities area of Wroc\u0142aw (Poland) and Lviv (Ukraine). Sci Rev Eng Env Sci 68:178\u2013192 (in Polish)","journal-title":"Sci Rev Eng Env Sci"},{"key":"23563_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5735","DOI":"10.3390\/su11205735","volume":"11","author":"I S\u00f3wka","year":"2019","unstructured":"S\u00f3wka I, Chlebowska-Stys A, Pachurka \u0141, Rogula-Koz\u0142owska W, Mathews B (2019) Analysis of particulate matter concentration variability and origin in selected urban areas in Poland. Sustainability 11:5735","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"23563_CR42","first-page":"561","volume":"22","author":"R \u015awietlik","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u015awietlik R, Strzelecka M, Trojanowska M (2013) Evaluation of traffic-related heavy metals emissions using noise barrier road dust analysis. Pol J Environ Stud 22(2):561\u2013567","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"23563_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.10.018","volume":"196","author":"R \u015awietlik","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u015awietlik R, Trojanowska M, Strzelecka M, Bocho-Janiszewska A (2015) Fractionation and mobility of Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in the road dustretained on noise barriers along expresswayeA potential tool fordetermining the effects of driving conditions on speciation of emittedparticulate metals. Environ Pollut 196:404\u2013413","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"23563_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.101","volume":"553","author":"JM Trujillo-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trujillo-Gonz\u00e1lez JM, Torres-Mora MA, Keesstra S, Brevik EC, Jim\u00e9nez-Ballesta R (2016) Heavy metal accumulation related to population density in road dust samples taken from urban sites under different land uses. Sci Total Environ 553:636\u2013642","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23563_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.07.005","volume":"141","author":"A Venkatram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venkatram A, Isakov V, Deshmukh P, Baldauf R (2016) Modeling the impact of solid noise barriers on near road air quality. Atmos Environ 141:462\u2013469","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"23563_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061064","volume":"15","author":"M Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhang H (2018) accumulation of heavy metals in roadside soil in urban area and the related impacting factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(6):1064","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"23563_CR47","first-page":"EGU2015","volume":"17","author":"M Wawer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wawer M, Magiera T, Szuszkiewicz M (2015) The role of acoustic screens in distribution of technogenic magnetic particles and chemical pollution in roadside soil. Geophysical Research Abstracts 17:EGU2015-1932","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Abstracts"},{"issue":"1","key":"23563_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1515\/ssa-2017-0003","volume":"68","author":"M Wawer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wawer M, Rachwa\u0142 M, Kowalska J (2017) Impact of noise barriers on the dispersal of solid pollutants from car emissions and their deposition in soil. Soil Sci Ann 68(1):19\u201326","journal-title":"Soil Sci Ann"},{"issue":"2","key":"23563_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2009.09.014","volume":"94","author":"B Wei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wei B, Yang L (2010) A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchem J 94(2):99\u2013107","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"23563_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.02.025","volume":"189","author":"M Werkenthin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Werkenthin M, Kluge B, Wessolek G (2014) Metals in European roadside soils and soil solution\u2014a review. Environ Pollut 189:98\u2013110","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"23563_CR51","unstructured":"Wo\u015b A. (2010) The climate of Poland in the second half of the 20th century. Scientific Publishing House UAM, Poznan, p. 490 (in Polish)"},{"key":"23563_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wuana RA, Okieimen FE (2011) Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. ISRN Ecol 1\u201320","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/402647"},{"key":"23563_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10030762","volume":"10","author":"X Yan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yan X, Gao D, Zhang F, Zeng C, Xiang W, Zhang M (2013) Relationships between heavy metal concentrations in roadside topsoil and distance to road edge based on field observations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10:762\u2013775","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"23563_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.04.005","volume":"138","author":"HG Zechmeister","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zechmeister HG, Hohenwallner D, Riss A, Hanus-Illnar A (2005) Estimation of element deposition derived from road traffic sources by using mosses. Environ Pollut 138(2):238\u2013249","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"23563_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7969-2","volume":"77","author":"W Zg\u0142obicki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zg\u0142obicki W, Telecka M, Skupi\u0144ski S, Pasierbi\u0144ska A, Kozie\u0142 M (2018) Assessment of heavy metal contamination levels of street dust in the city of Lublin, E Poland. Environ Earth Sci 77:774\u2013784","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23563-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23563-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23563-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T05:58:26Z","timestamp":1678255106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23563-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["23563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23563-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}