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This study aims to evaluate the potential effect of grape seed extract (GSE; gervital) to prevent testicular damage caused by MTX and AZA. Male albino rats were separated into six groups: group I, normal control group; group II, GSE (150\u00a0mg\/kg\/day); group III, MTX (8\u00a0mg\/kg\/week); group IV, AZA (15\u00a0mg\/kg\/day); group V, GSE (150\u00a0mg\/kg\/day)\u2009+\u2009MTX (8\u00a0mg\/kg\/week); group VI, GSE (150\u00a0mg\/kg\/day)\u2009+\u2009AZA (15\u00a0mg\/kg\/day). All rats were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained for testosterone analysis, and testis was removed for histological and ultrastructural studies and oxidation measurements. A reduction in relative body and testis weight, along with a significant decrease in testosterone levels, was observed. Histopathological and ultrastructural alterations induced by MTX or AZA included reduced spermatozoa, sloughing, marked reduction of spermatogenic cells, and pyknosis of some nuclei. Significant oxidative stress manifested as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. GSE administration showed an ameliorative effect on testosterone levels and histopathological and ultrastructural changes. GSE treatment also suppressed the increases in MDA levels and the decreases in GSH levels and CAT and SOD activities.\u00a0In conclusion,\u00a0these findings confirm that GSE is an effective antioxidant that protects testis from histopathological and ultrastructural damage induced by MTX and AZA. Therefore, GSE is a promising candidate for future use to minimize and alleviate MTX and AZA risks.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23588-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1666616592000},"page":"21914-21926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of gervital against histopathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical alterations caused by methotrexate or azathioprine in albino rat testis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Manal","family":"Abdul-Hamid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman S.","family":"Abdel-Reheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah I.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifa","family":"ALqhtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samraa H.","family":"Abdel-Kawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"23588_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdelbaky NW, Abdelazem AZ, Hashem KS (2020) Thymoquinone attenuates 6-mercaptopurine induced testicular toxicity in albino rats: possible mechanisms are involved. 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