{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:54:45Z","timestamp":1768794885080,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72071023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72071023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019031","name":"Chongqing Municipality Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJZD-K202000804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-K202000804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23662-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T05:02:47Z","timestamp":1667797367000},"page":"24441-24453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application of a novel second-order differential equation grey model to forecast NOx emissions in China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiaozeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"23662_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.2514\/1.B34245","volume":"28","author":"N Chandrasekaran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran N, Guha A (2012) Study of prediction methods for NOx emission from turbofan engines [J]. J Propulsion Power 28(1):170\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/1.B34245","journal-title":"J Propulsion Power"},{"issue":"5","key":"23662_CR2","first-page":"823","volume":"32","author":"YG Dang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dang YG, Liu Z, Ye J (2017) Direct modeling method of unbiased non-homogeneous grey prediction model. Control Decision 32(5):823\u2013828","journal-title":"Control Decision"},{"issue":"5","key":"23662_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X","volume":"1","author":"JL Deng","year":"1982","unstructured":"Deng JL (1982) Control problems of grey systems. Syst Control Lett 1(5):288\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X","journal-title":"Syst Control Lett"},{"key":"23662_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.016","volume":"196","author":"L Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding L, Liu C, Chen K et al (2017a) Atmospheric pollution reduction effect and regional predicament: an empirical analysis based on the Chinese provincial NOx emissions[J]. J Environ Manage 196:178\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.016","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"23662_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.06.167","volume":"162","author":"S Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding S, Dang YG, Li XM, Wang JJ, Zhao K (2017b) Forecasting Chinese CO2 emissions from fuel combustion using a novel grey multivariable model. J Cleaner Prod 162:1527\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.06.167","journal-title":"J Cleaner Prod"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"23662_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-1354(01)00641-X","volume":"25","author":"T Faravelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faravelli T, Bua L, Frassoldati A et al (2001) A new procedure for predicting NOx emissions from furnaces[J]. Comput Chem Eng 25(4\u20136):613\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0098-1354(01)00641-X","journal-title":"Comput Chem Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"23662_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2010.02.010","volume":"89","author":"V Fichet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fichet V, Kanniche M, Plion P et al (2010) A reactor network model for predicting NOx emissions in gas turbines[J]. Fuel 89(9):2202\u20132210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2010.02.010","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"23662_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frost GJ, McKeen SA, Trainer M, et al. (2006) Effects of changing power plant NOx emissions on ozone in the eastern United States: proof of concept [J]. J Geophys Res: Atmos 111(D12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005JD006354","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006354"},{"issue":"6","key":"23662_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4783","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1807-87","volume":"27","author":"H Kaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaya H, T\u00fcfekci P, Uzun E (2019) Predicting CO and NOx emissions from gas turbines: novel data and a benchmark PEMS[J]. Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 27(6):4783\u20134796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/elk-1807-87","journal-title":"Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci"},{"key":"23662_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2016.12.017","volume":"48","author":"X Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma X, Hu YS, Liu ZB (2017) A novel kernel regularized non-homogeneous grey model and its applications. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 48:51\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnsns.2016.12.017","journal-title":"Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul"},{"issue":"13","key":"23662_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7393","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD030421","volume":"124","author":"C Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma C, Wang T, Mizzi AP et al (2019a) Multiconstituent data assimilation with WRF-Chem\/DART: potential for adjusting anthropogenic emissions and improving air quality forecasts over eastern China[J]. J Geophysical Res: Atmos 124(13):7393\u20137412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JD030421","journal-title":"J Geophysical Res: Atmos"},{"key":"23662_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.04.096","volume":"178","author":"X Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma X, Mei X, Wu W et al (2019b) A novel fractional time delayed grey model with Grey Wolf Optimizer and its applications in forecasting the natural gas and coal consumption in Chongqing China[J]. Energy 178:487\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2019.04.096","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"23662_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2019.07.009","volume":"96","author":"X Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma X, Wu WQ, Zeng B, Wang Y, Wu XX (2020) The conformable fractional grey system model. ISA Trans 96:255\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isatra.2019.07.009","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"issue":"18","key":"23662_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9479","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL074436","volume":"44","author":"BA Nault","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nault BA, Laughner JL, Wooldridge PJ et al (2017) Lightning NOx emissions: reconciling measured and modeled estimates with updated NOx chemistry[J]. Geophys Res Lett 44(18):9479\u20139488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017GL074436","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"23662_CR15","first-page":"642","volume":"33","author":"O Obodeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Obodeh O, Ajuwa CI (2009) Evaluation of artificial neural network performance in predicting diesel engine NOx emissions[J]. Eur J Sci Res 33(4):642\u2013653","journal-title":"Eur J Sci Res"},{"key":"23662_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.06.020","volume":"95","author":"L Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pan L, Tong D, Lee P et al (2014) Assessment of NOx and O3 forecasting performances in the US National Air Quality Forecasting Capability before and after the 2012 major emissions updates[J]. Atmos Environ 95:610\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.06.020","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23662_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2019.02.001","volume":"124","author":"SM Safdarnejad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safdarnejad SM, Tuttle JF, Powell KM (2019) Dynamic modeling and optimization of a coal-fired utility boiler to forecast and minimize NOx and CO emissions simultaneously[J]. Comput Chem Eng 124:62\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2019.02.001","journal-title":"Comput Chem Eng"},{"key":"23662_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.10.056","volume":"106","author":"J Smrekar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smrekar J, Poto\u010dnik P, Senega\u010dnik A (2013) Multi-step-ahead prediction of NOx emissions for a coal-based boiler[J]. Appl Energy 106:89\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.10.056","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"23662_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-016-0403-6","volume":"10","author":"LJ Stamenkovi\u0107","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stamenkovi\u0107 LJ, Antanasijevi\u0107 DZ, Risti\u0107 M\u0110 et al (2017) Prediction of nitrogen oxides emissions at the national level based on optimized artificial neural network model[J]. Air Qual Atmos Health 10(1):15\u201323","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"23662_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00110-1","volume":"33","author":"JA Van Aardenne","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Aardenne JA, Carmichael GR, Levy H II et al (1999) Anthropogenic NOx emissions in Asia in the period 1990\u20132020[J]. Atmos Environ 33(4):633\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00110-1","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"23662_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.010","volume":"207","author":"ZX Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang ZX, Li Q (2019) Modelling the nonlinear relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth using a PSO algorithm-based grey Verhulst model. J Cleaner Prod 207:214\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.010","journal-title":"J Cleaner Prod"},{"issue":"3","key":"23662_CR22","first-page":"143","volume":"30","author":"JJ Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang JJ, Dang YG, Ye J, Xu N, Wang J (2018) An improved grey prediction model based on matrix representations of the optimized initial value. J Grey Sys 30(3):143\u2013156","journal-title":"J Grey Sys"},{"issue":"9","key":"23662_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012573","volume":"28","author":"O Wild","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wild O, Prather MJ, Akimoto H (2001) Indirect long-term global radiative cooling from NOx emissions[J]. Geophys Res Lett 28(9):1719\u20131722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2000GL012573","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"23662_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan X, Ohara T, Akimoto H. (2005) Statistical modeling of global soil NOx emissions[J]. Global Biogeochem Cycles 19(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004GB002276","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GB002276"},{"key":"23662_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.06.090","volume":"112","author":"B Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng B, Li C (2016) Forecasting the natural gas demand in China using a self-adapting intelligent grey model. Energy 112:810\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2016.06.090","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"23662_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.02.042","volume":"118","author":"B Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng B, Li C (2018) Improved multi-variable grey forecasting model with a dynamic background-value coefficient and its application. Comput Ind Eng 118:278\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2018.02.042","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"23662_CR27","volume-title":"Grey prediction theory and its applications","author":"B Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng B, Li SL, Meng W (2020) Grey prediction theory and its applications. Science Press, Beijing"},{"key":"23662_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2020.01.014","volume":"81","author":"B Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng B, Tong M, Ma X (2020b) A new-structure grey Verhulst model: development and performance comparison[J]. Appl Math Model 81:522\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apm.2020.01.014","journal-title":"Appl Math Model"},{"issue":"3","key":"23662_CR29","first-page":"689","volume":"33","author":"LQ Zhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhan LQ, Shi HJ (2013) Methods and model of grey modeling for approximation non-homogenous exponential data. Syst Eng Theory Pract 33(3):689\u2013694","journal-title":"Syst Eng Theory Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"23662_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11040433","volume":"11","author":"R Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang R, Zhang Y, Lin H et al (2020) NOx emission reduction and recovery during COVID-19 in East China[J]. Atmosphere 11(4):433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos11040433","journal-title":"Atmosphere"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23662-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23662-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23662-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T09:00:54Z","timestamp":1676797254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23662-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["23662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-23662-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}