{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:50:31Z","timestamp":1781013031066,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005612","name":"Water Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26198-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T12:06:10Z","timestamp":1678709170000},"page":"55974-55988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Legionella monitoring results by water quality characteristics in a large public water system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie A.","family":"Gleason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinchun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alorah D.","family":"Bliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"DeLorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pranitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"26198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.08.032","volume":"47","author":"L Alleron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alleron L, Khemiri A, Koubar M, Lacombe C, Coquet L, Cosette P, Jouenne T, Frere J (2013) VBNC Legionella pneumophila cells are still able to produce virulence proteins. Water Res 47(17):6606\u20136617","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"26198_CR2","unstructured":"CDC (2011) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Toolkit for controlling Legionella in common sources of exposure (Legionella Control Toolkit) controlling Legionella in potable water systems. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Legionella\/downloads\/Control-Toolkit-All-Modules.pdf.\u00a0 Accessed 2 Feb\u00a02021"},{"issue":"6","key":"26198_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001964","volume":"143","author":"PD Cohn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohn PD, Gleason JA, Rudowski E, Tsai SM, Genese CA, Fagliano JA (2015) Community outbreak of legionellosis and an environmental investigation into a community water system. Epidemiol Infect 143(6):1322\u20131331","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"26198_CR4","first-page":"633","volume":"22","author":"JS Colbourne","year":"1986","unstructured":"Colbourne JS, Trew RM (1986) Presence of Legionella in London\u2019s water supplies. Isr J Med Sci 22(9):633\u2013639","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"26198_CR5","unstructured":"Cooley LA (2020) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book (2020). Chapter 4 (78). Legionellosis (Legionnaires\u2019 disease & Pontiac fever). https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/yellowbook-home-2020. Accessed 20 March 2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"26198_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1021\/es4055115","volume":"48","author":"MJ Donohue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Donohue MJ, O\u2019Connell K, Vesper SJ, Mistry JH, King D, Kostich M, Pfaller S (2014) Widespread molecular detection of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 in cold water taps across the United States. Environ Sci Technol 48(6):3145\u20133152","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"42","key":"26198_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6442a2","volume":"64","author":"KL Dooling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dooling KL, Toews KA, Hicks LA, Garrison LE, Bachaus B, Zansky S, Carpenter LR, Schaffner B, Parker E, Petit S, Thomas A, Thomas S, Mansmann R, Morin C, White B, Langley GE (2015) Active bacterial core surveillance for legionellosis - United States, 2011\u20132013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64(42):1190\u20131193","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"26198_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02899-07","volume":"74","author":"E Dusserre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dusserre E, Ginevra C, Hallier-Soulier S, Vandenesch F, Festoc G, Etienne J, Jarraud S, Molmeret M (2008) A PCR-based method for monitoring Legionella pneumophila in water samples detects viable but noncultivable legionellae that can recover their cultivability. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(15):4817\u20134824","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"26198_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002","volume":"15","author":"BS Fields","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fields BS, Benson RF, Besser RE (2002) Legionella and Legionnaires\u2019 disease: 25 years of investigation. Clin Microbiol Rev 15(3):506\u2013526","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"26198_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2511.181032","volume":"25","author":"E Garner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garner E, Brown CL, Schwake DO, Rhoads WJ, Arango-Argoty G, Zhang L, Jospin G, Coil DA, Eisen JA, Edwards MA, Pruden A (2019) Comparison of whole-genome sequences of Legionella pneumophila in tap water and in clinical strains, Flint, Michigan, USA, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 25(11):2013\u20132020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"26198_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6522e1","volume":"65","author":"LE Garrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garrison LE, Kunz JM, Cooley LA, Moore MR, Lucas C, Schrag S, Sarisky J, Whitney CG (2016) Vital signs: deficiencies in environmental control identified in outbreaks of Legionnaires\u2019 disease - North America, 2000\u20132014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65(22):576\u2013584","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"26198_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gleason JA, Cohn PD (2022) A review of legionnaires\u2019 disease and public water systems \u2013 scientific considerations, uncertainties and recommendations. Int J Hyg Environ Health 240:113906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113906"},{"issue":"2","key":"26198_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1115-y","volume":"13","author":"JA Gleason","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gleason JA, Kratz NR, Greeley RD, Fagliano JA (2016) Under the weather: legionellosis and meteorological factors. EcoHealth 13(2):293\u2013302","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"26198_CR14","unstructured":"Gleason JA (2022) Evaluating Legionella detection rates and occurence by distribution system characteristics in a community water system. Project 4983. Denver, CO: The Water Research Foundation.\u00a0https:\/\/www.waterrf.org\/resource\/evaluating-legionella-detection-rates-andoccurrence-distribution-system-characteristics. Accessed 9 March 2023"},{"key":"26198_CR15","unstructured":"Jang G, Smith MK, Linton BF (2014) Emerging pathogens of concern. Adv Water Res 24(4)"},{"issue":"4","key":"26198_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2801-2808.2006","volume":"72","author":"P Joly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joly P, Falconnet PA, Andr\u00e9 J, Weill N, Reyrolle M, Vandenesch F, Maurin M, Etienne J, Jarraud S (2006) Quantitative real-time Legionella PCR for environmental water samples: data interpretation. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(4):2801\u20132808","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"26198_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.214","volume":"562","author":"DN King","year":"2016","unstructured":"King DN, Donohue MJ, Vesper SJ, Villegas EN, Ware MW, Vogel ME, Furlong EF, Kolpin DW, Glassmeyer ST, Pfaller S (2016) Microbial pathogens in source and treated waters from drinking water treatment plants in the United States and implications for human health. Sci Total Environ 562:987\u2013995","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"26198_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1122","DOI":"10.1002\/aws2.1122","volume":"1","author":"M Lechevallier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lechevallier M (2019a) Monitoring distribution systems for Legionella pneumophila using Legiolert. AWWA Water Sci 1:e1122","journal-title":"AWWA Water Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"26198_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1139","DOI":"10.1002\/aws2.1139","volume":"1","author":"MW LeChevallier","year":"2019","unstructured":"LeChevallier MW (2019b) Occurrence of culturable Legionella pneumophila in drinking water distribution systems. AWWA Water Sci 1(3):e1139","journal-title":"AWWA Water Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"26198_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02458.x","volume":"98","author":"E Leoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leoni E, De Luca G, Legnani PP, Sacchetti R, Stampi S, Zanetti F (2005) Legionella waterline colonization: detection of Legionella species in domestic, hotel and hospital hot water systems. J Appl Microbiol 98(2):373\u2013379","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"26198_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.199","volume":"10","author":"R Lesnik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lesnik R, Brettar I, H\u00f6fle MG (2016) Legionella species diversity and dynamics from surface reservoir to tap water: from cold adaptation to thermophily. Isme j 10(5):1064\u20131080","journal-title":"Isme j"},{"issue":"2","key":"26198_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12996","volume":"120","author":"J Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu J, Struewing I, Vereen E, Kirby AE, Levy K, Moe C, Ashbolt N (2016) Molecular detection of Legionella spp. and their associations with Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and amoeba hosts in a drinking water distribution system. J Appl Microbiol 120(2):509\u2013521","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"26198_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.7.2489-2494.1997","volume":"63","author":"H Miyamoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miyamoto H, Yamamoto H, Arima K, Fujii J, Maruta K, Izu K, Shiomori T, Yoshida S (1997) Development of a new seminested PCR method for detection of Legionella species and its application to surveillance of legionellae in hospital cooling tower water. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(7):2489\u20132494","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"26198_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marston BJ, Plouffe JF, File TM Jr, Hackman BA, Salstrom SJ, Lipman HB, Kolczak MS, Breiman RF (1997) Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Results of a population-based active surveillance Study in Ohio. The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Arch Intern Med 157(15):1709\u20131718","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.157.15.1709"},{"key":"26198_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mraz AL, Weir MH (2022) Knowledge to predict pathogens: Legionella pneumophila lifecycle systematic review Part II growth within and egress from a host cell. Microorganisms\u00a010(1):141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10010141","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010141"},{"issue":"5","key":"26198_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1086\/590557","volume":"47","author":"K Neil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neil K, Berkelman R (2008) Increasing incidence of legionellosis in the United States, 1990\u20132005: changing epidemiologic trends. Clin Infect Dis 47(5):591\u2013599","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"26198_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1272","DOI":"10.1002\/aws2.1272","volume":"4","author":"E Omoregie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omoregie E, Szczerba A, Novak J, Rubinstein I, Chuang Y, Wu J, Wang J, Kretz C, Hughes S, Capetanakis A, Freud S, Rakeman JL (2022) Legionella monitoring in the New York City water distribution system 2017 to 2019. AWWA Water Sci 4(2):e1272","journal-title":"AWWA Water Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"26198_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.04.010","volume":"222","author":"Y Perrin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perrin Y, Bouchon D, H\u00e9chard Y, Moulin L (2019) Spatio-temporal survey of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens in the Paris drinking water distribution system. Int J Hyg Environ Health 222(4):687\u2013694","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"26198_CR29","unstructured":"SAS software, Version 9.4 of the SAS System for Windows. Copyright (c) 2002-2012. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"26198_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020269","volume":"4","author":"DO Schwake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwake DO, Alum A, Abbaszadegan M (2015) Impact of environmental factors on legionella populations in drinking water. Pathogens 4(2):269\u2013282","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"9","key":"26198_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.6b00192","volume":"3","author":"DO Schwake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwake DO, Garner E, Strom OR, Pruden A, Edwards MA (2016) Legionella DNA markers in tap water coincident with a spike in Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Flint, MI. Environ Sci Technol Lett 3(9):311\u2013315","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"26198_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5663","volume":"127","author":"AF Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith AF, Huss A, Dorevitch S, Heijnen L, Arntzen VH, Davies M, van Robert-Du Ry Beest Holle M, Fujita Y, Verschoor AM, Raterman B, Oesterholt F, Heederik D, Medema G (2019) Multiple sources of the outbreak of Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Genesee County, Michigan, in 2014 and 2015. Environ Health Perspect 127(12):127001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"26198_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.53.5.979-986.1987","volume":"53","author":"SJ States","year":"1987","unstructured":"States SJ, Conley LF, Kuchta JM, Oleck BM, Lipovich MJ, Wolford RS, Wadowsky RM, McNamara AM, Sykora JL, Keleti G et al (1987) Survival and multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in municipal drinking water systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 53(5):979\u2013986","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"26198_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.45.1.337-339.1983","volume":"45","author":"DL Tison","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tison DL, Seidler RJ (1983) Legionella incidence and density in potable drinking water supplies. Appl Environ Microbiol 45(1):337\u2013339","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"26198_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01215-10","volume":"77","author":"BA Wullings","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wullings BA, Bakker G, van der Kooij D (2011) Concentration and diversity of uncultured Legionella spp. in two unchlorinated drinking water supplies with different concentrations of natural organic matter. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(2):634\u2013641","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"26198_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1086\/341087","volume":"186","author":"VL Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu VL, Plouffe JF, Pastoris MC, Stout JE, Schousboe M, Widmer A, Summersgill J, File T, Heath CM, Paterson DL, Chereshsky A (2002) Distribution of Legionella species and serogroups isolated by culture in patients with sporadic community-acquired legionellosis: an international collaborative survey. J Infect Dis 186(1):127\u2013128","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"26198_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718679115","volume":"115","author":"S Zahran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zahran S, McElmurry SP, Kilgore PE, Mushinski D, Press J, Love NG, Sadler RC, Swanson MS (2018) Assessment of the Legionnaires\u2019 disease outbreak in Flint, Michigan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(8):E1730-e1739","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26198-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26198-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26198-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T20:52:51Z","timestamp":1702068771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26198-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["26198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26198-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}