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In this study, we characterized the capability to remove clarithromycin (CLA) and diclofenac (DCF) by the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces rochei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the fungi\n                    <jats:italic>Phanerochaete chrysosporium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Trametes versicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The macrolide antibiotic CLA and the non-steroid anti-inflammatory DCF were selected because these are two of the most frequently detected drugs in water bodies. Growth and content of the PhCs and a DCF metabolite (MET) by the energy crop\n                    <jats:italic>Arundo donax<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. were also evaluated under hydroponic conditions. The removal rate (RR) by\n                    <jats:italic>S. rochei<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased from 24 to 40% at 10 and 100\u00a0\u00b5g CLA L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, averaged over incubation times. At 144\u00a0h, the RR by\n                    <jats:italic>P. chrysosporium<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 84%, while by\n                    <jats:italic>T. versicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 70 and 45% at 10 and 100 CLA \u00b5g L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The RR by\n                    <jats:italic>S. rochei<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not exceed 30% at 1\u00a0mg DCF L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and reached 60% at 10\u00a0mg DCF L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , whereas approached 95% and 63% by\n                    <jats:italic>P. chrysosporium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. versicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, at both doses. Root biomass and length of\n                    <jats:italic>A. donax<\/jats:italic>\n                    were strongly affected at 100\u00a0\u00b5g CLA L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . CLA concentration in roots and shoots increased with the increase of the dose and translocation factor (TF) was about 1. DCF severely affected both shoot fresh weight and root length at the highest dose and concentration in roots and shoots increased with the increase of the dose. DCF concentrations were 16\u201319 times higher in roots than in shoots, and TF was about 0.1. MET was detected only in roots and its proportion over the parent compound decreased with the increase of the DCF dose. This study highlights the potential contribution of\n                    <jats:italic>A. dona<\/jats:italic>\n                    x and the tested microbial inoculants for improving the effectiveness of bioremediation systems for CLA and DCF removal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27660-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:01:47Z","timestamp":1685404907000},"page":"77193-77209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effective bioremediation of clarithromycin and diclofenac in wastewater by microbes and Arundo donax L"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Ercoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Di Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Raffaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Nuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2482-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"27660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.12691\/ijebb-3-1-5","volume":"3","author":"GO Adams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adams GO, Fufeyin PT, Okoro SE, Ehinomen I (2015) Bioremediation, biostimulation and bioaugmention: a review. 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