{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:32:07Z","timestamp":1784367127777,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"52","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are generally sensitive to air pollution due to their specific biological and physiological features. <jats:italic>Physcia adscendens<\/jats:italic> is a nitrophilous lichen well-known for being resistant to air pollution associated with progressive anthropopressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen oxides and suspended particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) on anatomical structure of the thallus and photobiont\u2019s photosynthetic efficiency in <jats:italic>P. adscendens<\/jats:italic> inhabiting sites that differ in terms of air pollution level and thereby to determine the relevance of these pollutants for shaping the structure of the thallus and the physiological condition of the photosynthetic partner. We found that <jats:italic>P. adscendens<\/jats:italic> from polluted sites had increased thickness of the algal layer and the larger size of the algae cells, but a much lower ratio of the algal layer to the whole thallus. Lichens from highly polluted sites had also higher photosynthetic efficiency, which indicates a relatively good physiological condition of the photobiont. This indicates that the photobiont of <jats:italic>P. adscendens<\/jats:italic> is well-adapted to function under air pollution stress which may contribute to its success in colonizing polluted sites. Both changes in the anatomy of the lichen thallus and the efficiency of photosynthesis may be related to the enrichment of the environment with nitrogen. The increased photosynthetic efficiency as well as investment in the size of photobiont cells and growth mycobiont hyphae confirms that <jats:italic>P. adscendens<\/jats:italic> is well-adapted to urban conditions; however, the mechanism behind those adaptations needs more focus in the context of global environmental changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-30194-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T11:02:23Z","timestamp":1697194943000},"page":"112336-112346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Do urban air pollutants induce changes in the thallus anatomy and affect the photosynthetic efficiency of the nitrophilous lichen Physcia adscendens?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4169-0399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Styburski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2241-1081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaja","family":"Skuba\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"30194_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00180","volume":"7","author":"IA Aschenbrenner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aschenbrenner IA, Cernava T, Berg G, Grube M (2016) Understanding microbial multi-species symbioses. Front Microbiol 7:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00180","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"30194_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1139\/b85-189","volume":"63","author":"A Avalos","year":"1985","unstructured":"Avalos A, Vicente C (1985) Phytochrome enhances nitrate reductase activity in the lichen Evernia prunastri. Can J Bot 63:1350\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/b85-189","journal-title":"Can J Bot"},{"key":"30194_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1639\/0007-2745(2002)105[0104:ALRAIO]2.0.CO;2","volume":"105","author":"J Bennett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bennett J (2002) Algal layer ratios as indicators of air pollution effects in Parmelia sulcata. Bryologist 105:104\u2013110","journal-title":"Bryologist"},{"key":"30194_CR4","first-page":"1353","volume-title":"Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attribution to selected major risk factors","author":"AJ Cohen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cohen AJ, Anderson HR, Ostro B, Pandey KD, Krzyzanowski M, K\u00fcnzli N, Gutschmidt K, Pope CA III, Romieu I, Samet JM, Smith KR (2004) Urban air pollution. In: Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, CJL M (eds) Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attribution to selected major risk factors. World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 1353\u20131434"},{"key":"30194_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1006\/lich.1996.0032","volume":"28","author":"PD Crittenden","year":"1996","unstructured":"Crittenden PD (1996) The effect of oxygen deprivation on inorganic nitrogen uptake in an Antarctic macrolichen. Lichenologist 28:347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/lich.1996.0032","journal-title":"Lichenologist"},{"key":"30194_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/B:WATE.0000015332.94219.ff","volume":"152","author":"D Cuny","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cuny D, Van Haluwyn C, Shirali P, Zerimech F, Jerome L, Haguenoer JM (2004) Cellular impact of metal trace elements in terricolous lichen Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. - Identification of oxidative stress biomarker. Water Air Soil Pollut 152:55\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:WATE.0000015332.94219.ff","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR7","volume-title":"Resource acquisition and allocation in lichens","author":"L Dahlman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dahlman L (2003) Resource acquisition and allocation in lichens. Ume\u00e5 University, Dissertation"},{"key":"30194_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-003-0977-8","volume":"217","author":"L Dahlman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dahlman L, Persson J, N\u00e4sholm T, Palmqvist K (2003) Carbon and nitrogen distribution in the green algal lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca in relation to nutrient supply. Planta 217:41\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-003-0977-8","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"30194_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1247-0","volume":"219","author":"L Dahlman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dahlman L, Persson J, Palmqvist K, N\u00e4sholm T (2004) Organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake in lichens. Planta 219:459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-004-1247-0","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"30194_CR10","unstructured":"EEA (2022) European Environmental Agency. Air Quality in Europe 2022. https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/air-quality-in-europe-2022"},{"key":"30194_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.033","volume":"150","author":"JW Erisman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erisman JW, Bleeker A, Galloway J, Sutton MS (2007) Reduced nitrogen in ecology and the environment. Environ Pollut 150:140\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.033","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"2","key":"30194_CR12","first-page":"33","volume":"39","author":"C Estrabou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Estrabou C, Stiefkens L, Hadid M, Rodriguez JM, Perez A (2004) Effects of air pollutants on morphology and reproduction in four lichen species in Cordoba, Argentina. Ecol Boliv 39(2):33\u201345","journal-title":"Ecol Boliv"},{"key":"30194_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.04.010","volume":"157","author":"SR Gadsdon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gadsdon SR, Power SA (2009) Quantifying local traffic contributions to NO2 and NH3 concentrations in natural habitats. Environ Pollut 157:2845\u20132852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.04.010","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1017\/S0024282904014124","volume":"36","author":"G Gaio-Oliveira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gaio-Oliveira G, Dahlman L, Palmqvist K, M\u00e1guas C (2004) Ammonium uptake in the nitrophytic lichen Xanthoria parietina and its effects on vitality and balance between symbionts. Lichenologist 36:75\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0024282904014124","journal-title":"Lichenologist"},{"key":"30194_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1396-1","volume":"220","author":"G Gaio-Oliveira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gaio-Oliveira G, Dahlman L, Palmqvist K, Martins-Lou\u00e7\u00e3o MA, M\u00e1guas C (2005) Nitrogen uptake in relation to excess supply and its effects on the lichens Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Planta 220:794\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-004-1396-1","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"30194_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1029\/95GB00158","volume":"9","author":"JN Galloway","year":"1995","unstructured":"Galloway JN, Schlesinger WH, Levy H II, Michaels A, Schnoor JL (1995) Nitrogen fixation: anthropogenic enhancement-environmental response. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 9:235\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/95GB00158","journal-title":"Glob Biogeochem Cycles"},{"key":"30194_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-044950-7.50018-0","volume-title":"The Lichens","author":"OL Gilbert","year":"1973","unstructured":"Gilbert OL (1973) Chapter 13 \u2013 Lichens and air pollution. In: Ahmadijan V, Hale EM (eds) The Lichens. Academic Press, Cambridge MA, pp 443\u2013472"},{"key":"30194_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03243.x","volume":"90","author":"R Goyal","year":"1982","unstructured":"Goyal R, Seaward MRD (1982) Metal uptake in terricolous lichens. II. Effects on the morphology of Peltigera canina and Peltigera rufescens. New Phytol 90:73\u201384","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"30194_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.52.1.163","volume":"52","author":"A Grossman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grossman A, Takahasi H (2001) Macronutrient utilization by photosynthetic eukaryotes and the fabric of interactions. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 52:163\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.arplant.52.1.163","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Physiol"},{"key":"30194_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.12.036","volume":"158","author":"M Hauck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hauck M (2010) Ammonium and nitrate tolerance in lichens. Environ Pollut 158:1127\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.12.036","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026500810385","volume":"226","author":"H-J Hawkins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hawkins H-J, Johansen A, Eckhardt G (2000) Uptake and transport of organic and inorganic nitrogen by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 226:275\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1026500810385","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"30194_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16630","volume":"227","author":"DL Hawksworth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawksworth DL, Grube M (2020) Lichens redefined as complex ecosystems. New Phytol 227:1281\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.16630","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"30194_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03739.x","volume":"191","author":"O Johansson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johansson O, Olofsson J, Giesler R, Palmqvist K (2011) Lichen responses to nitrogen and phosphorus additions can be explained by the different symbiont responses. New Phytol 191:795\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03739.x","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"4","key":"30194_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2478\/eces-2013-0045","volume":"20","author":"MA J\u00f3\u017awiak","year":"2014","unstructured":"J\u00f3\u017awiak MA (2014) Ecohydricity of lichens and role of cortex layer in accumulation of heavy metals. Ecol Chem Eng S 20(4):659\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/eces-2013-0045","journal-title":"Ecol Chem Eng S"},{"issue":"2","key":"30194_CR25","first-page":"163","volume":"17","author":"M Kauppi","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kauppi M (1980) Fluorescence microscopy and microfluorometry for the examination of pollution damage in lichens. Ann Bot Fenn 17(2):163\u2013173","journal-title":"Ann Bot Fenn"},{"key":"30194_CR26","unstructured":"KOBiZE (2017) Krajowy bilans emisji SO2, NOx, CO, NMZLO, py\u0142\u00f3w, metali ci\u0119\u017ckich i TZO za lata 2014-2015 w uk\u0142adzie klasyfikacji SNAP, Warsaw, Poland"},{"key":"30194_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.03.006","volume":"127","author":"J Kov\u00e1\u010dik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1\u010dik J, Dresler S, Babula P (2018) Metabolic responses of terrestrial macrolichens to nickel. Plant Physiol Biochem 127:32\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.03.006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"30194_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117136","volume":"284","author":"L Lucadamo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucadamo L, Gall L, Corapi A (2021) PAHs in an urban-industrial area: the role of lichen transplants in the detection of local and study area scale patterns. Environ Pollut 284:117136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117136","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00144-2","volume":"33","author":"H Mayer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mayer H (1999) Air pollution in cities. Atmos Environ 33:4029\u20134037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00144-2","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"30194_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-3413-2020","volume":"12","author":"EE McDuffie","year":"2020","unstructured":"McDuffie EE, Smith SJ, O\u2019Rourke P, Tibrewal K, Venkataraman C, Marais EA, Zheng B, Crippa M, Brauer M, Martin RV (2020) A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970-2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). Earth Syst Sci Data 12:3413\u20133442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-3413-2020","journal-title":"Earth Syst Sci Data"},{"key":"30194_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0024282907006305","volume":"39","author":"IN Mikhailova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mikhailova IN (2007) Populations of epiphytic lichens under stress conditions: survival strategies. Lichenologist 39:83\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0024282907006305","journal-title":"Lichenologist"},{"key":"30194_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.07.001","volume":"171","author":"S Munzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Munzi S, Paoli L, Fiorini E, Loppi S (2012) Physiological response of the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. to ecologically relevant nitrogen concentrations. Environ Pollut 171:25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.07.001","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.05.005","volume":"72","author":"S Munzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Munzi S, Pisani T, Loppi S (2009) The integrity of lichen cell membrane as a suitable parameter for monitoring biological effects of acute nitrogen pollution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72:2009\u20132012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.05.005","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"30194_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2010.07.042","volume":"73","author":"S Munzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Munzi S, Pisani T, Paoli L, Loppi S (2010) Time- and dose-dependency of the effects of nitrogen pollution on lichens. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73:1785\u20131788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2010.07.042","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"30194_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511790478","volume-title":"Lichen biology","author":"TH Nash III","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nash TH III (2008) Lichen biology, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","edition":"2"},{"key":"30194_CR36","volume-title":"ITALIC","author":"PL Nimis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nimis PL, Martellos S (2022) ITALIC. University of Trieste. http:\/\/italic.units.it\/index.php, The information system on Italian lichens"},{"key":"30194_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0423-7","volume-title":"Monitoring with lichens\u2013monitoring lichens","author":"PL Nimis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nimis PL, Scheidegger C, Wolseley PA (2002) Monitoring with lichens\u2013monitoring lichens. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht"},{"key":"30194_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0639-1","volume":"25","author":"P Osyczka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osyczka P, Boro\u0144 P, Lenart-Boro\u0144 P, Rola K (2018) Modifications in the structure of the lichen Cladonia thallus in the aftermath of habitat contamination and implications for its heavy-metal accumulation capacity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:1950\u20131961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-017-0639-1","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"30194_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.02.054","volume":"174","author":"P Osyczka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Osyczka P, Rola K (2019) Integrity of lichen cell membranes as an indicator of heavy-metal pollution levels in soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 174:26\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.02.054","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"30194_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.03.043","volume":"146","author":"T Otnyukova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Otnyukova T (2007) Epiphytic lichen growth abnormalities and element concentrations as early indicators of forest decline. Environ Pollut 146:359\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.03.043","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.1998.00279.x","volume":"21","author":"K Palmqvist","year":"1998","unstructured":"Palmqvist K, Campbell D, Ekblad A, Johansson H (1998) Photosynthetic capacity in relation to nitrogen content and its partitioning in lichens with different photobionts. Plant Cell Environ 21:361\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3040.1998.00279.x","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"30194_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01754.x","volume":"171","author":"K Palmqvist","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palmqvist K, Dahlman L (2006) Response of the green algal foliose lichen Platismatia glauca to increased nitrogen supply. New Phytol 171:343\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01754.x","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"30194_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7420","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3257","volume":"7","author":"K Palmqvist","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmqvist K, Franklin O, N\u00e4sholm T (2017) Symbiosis constraints: strong mycobiont control limits nutrient response in lichens. Ecol Evol 7:7420\u20137433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.3257","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"30194_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15891","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4807-x","volume":"20","author":"L Paoli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paoli L, Guttov\u00e1 A, Grassi A, Lackovi\u010dov\u00e1 A, Senko D, Sorbo S, Basile A, Loppi S (2015) Ecophysiological and ultrastructural effects of dust pollution in lichens exposed around a cement plant (SW Slovakia). Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:15891\u201315902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-015-4807-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"30194_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.02.008","volume":"158","author":"L Paoli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paoli L, Pirintsos SA, Kotzabasis K, Pisani T, Navakoudis E, Loppi S (2010) Effects of ammonia from livestock farming on lichen photosynthesis. Environ Pollut 158:2258\u20132265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.02.008","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01242.x","volume":"12","author":"DE Pataki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pataki DE, Alig RJ, Fung AS, Golubiewski NE, Kennedy CA, McPherson EG, Nowak DJ, Pouyat RV, Romero Lankao P (2006) Urban ecosystems and the North American carbon cycle. Glob Change Biol 12:2092\u20132102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01242.x","journal-title":"Glob Change Biol"},{"key":"30194_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2011.12.009","volume":"79","author":"M Pavl\u00edk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pavl\u00edk M, Pavl\u00edkov\u00e1 D, Zemanov\u00e1 V, Hnili\u010dka F, Urbanov\u00e1 V, Sz\u00e1kov\u00e1 J (2012) Trace elements present in airborne particulate matter - stressors of plant metabolism. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 79:101\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2011.12.009","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"30194_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.07.051","volume":"163","author":"R Popek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Popek R, Przybysz A, Gawro\u0144ska H, Klamkowski K, Gawro\u0144ski SW (2018) Impact of particulate matter accumulation on the photosynthetic apparatus of roadside woody plants growing in the urban conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 163:56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.07.051","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"30194_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.03.012","volume":"129","author":"KP Rai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rai KP (2016) Impacts of particulate matter pollution on plants: Implications for environmental biomonitoring. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 129:120\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.03.012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"30194_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.002","volume":"679","author":"K Rola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rola K, Latkowska E, My\u015bliwa-Kurdziel B, Osyczka P (2019) Heavy-metal tolerance of photobiont in pioneer lichens inhabiting heavily polluted sites. Sci Total Environ 679:260\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.002","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"30194_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141439","volume":"750","author":"K Rola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rola K, Lenart-Boro\u0144 A, Boro\u0144 P, Osyczka P (2021) Heavy-metal pollution induces changes in the genetic composition and anatomical properties of photobionts in pioneer lichens colonising post-industrial habitats. Sci Total Environ 750:141439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141439","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"30194_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.004","volume":"96","author":"K Rola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rola K, Osyczka P (2019) Temporal changes in accumulation of trace metals in vegetative and generative parts of Xanthoria parietina lichen thalli and their implications for biomonitoring studies. Ecol Indic 96:293\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.004","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"30194_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1139\/b89-228","volume":"67","author":"L Roy-Arcand","year":"1989","unstructured":"Roy-Arcand L, Delisle CE, Bri\u00e9re FG (1989) Effects of simulated acid precipitation on the metabolic activity of Cladina stellaris. Can J Bot 67:1796\u20131802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/b89-228","journal-title":"Can J Bot"},{"key":"30194_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20166","volume":"66","author":"L Sanit\u00e0 di Toppi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sanit\u00e0 di Toppi L, Musetti R, Vattuone Z, Pawlik-Skowro\u0144ska B, Fossati F, Bertoli L, Badiani M, Favali MA (2005) Cadmium distribution and effects on ultrastructure and chlorophyll status in photobionts and mycobionts of Xanthoria parietina. Microsc Res Tech. 66:229\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.20166","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech."},{"issue":"2","key":"30194_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16131","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16131","volume":"110","author":"DE Stanton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stanton DE, Ormond A, Koch NM, Colesie C (2023) Lichen ecophysiology in a changing climate. Am J Bot 110(2):e16131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajb2.16131","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"30194_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-3218-9_12","volume-title":"Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration","author":"RJ Strasser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Strasser RJ, Tsimilli-Michael M, Srivastava A (2004) Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 19. Springer, Dordrecht. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-3218-9_12"},{"key":"30194_CR57","unstructured":"The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (2023) Dane archiwalne meteorologiczne. https:\/\/danepubliczne.imgw.pl\/datastore. Accessed 7 October 2023 (in polish)"},{"key":"30194_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00279330","volume":"47","author":"G Tyler","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tyler G (1989) Uptake, retention, and toxicity of heavy metals in lichens. Water Air Soil Pollut 47:321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00279330","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"30194_CR59","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency (1996) Air quality criteria for particulate matter (Final Report, 1996), D.C., EPA 600\/P-95\/001US. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington."},{"key":"30194_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1639\/079.029.0404","volume":"28","author":"JM Wakefield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wakefield JM, Bhattacharjee J (2012) Effect of air pollution on chlorophyll content and lichen morphology in northeastern Louisiana. Evansia 28:104\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1639\/079.029.0404","journal-title":"Evansia"},{"key":"30194_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.13158\/heia.23.2.2010.229","volume":"23","author":"V Wirth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wirth V (2010) Ecological indicator values of lichens \u2014 enlarged and updated species list. Herzogia 23:229\u2013248","journal-title":"Herzogia"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-023-30194-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-023-30194-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-023-30194-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T08:20:01Z","timestamp":1699863601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-023-30194-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"52","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["30194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-30194-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}