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However, this practice may indirectly contribute to the dissemination of antibiotics, resistance bacteria, and resistance genes. In this study, medicated drinking water and poultry litter samples were obtained from a broiler-chick farm. The obtained poultry litter was incorporated into the soil at the experimental field site. The objectives of this research project were first to develop analytical methods able to quantify fluoroquinolones (FQs) in medicated drinking water, poultry litter, and soil samples by LC\u2013MS; second to study the fate of these FQs in the soil environment after incorporation of poultry litter from flock medicated by enrofloxacin (ENR); and third to screen the occurrence of selected fluoroquinolone resistance encoding genes in poultry litter and soil samples (PCR analysis). FQs were quantified in the broiler farm\u2019s medicated drinking water (41.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0mg\u2219L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of ENR) and poultry litter (up to 70\u00a0mg\u2219kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of FQs). The persistence of FQs in the soil environment over 112\u00a0days was monitored and evaluated (ENR concentrations ranged from 36\u00a0\u03bcg\u2219kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 9\u00a0\u03bcg\u2219kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    after 100\u00a0days). The presence of resistance genes was confirmed in both poultry litter and soil samples, in agreement with the risk assessment for the selection of AMR in soil based on ENR concentrations. This work provides a new, comprehensive perspective on the entry and long-term fate of antimicrobials in the terrestrial environment and their consequences after the incorporation of poultry litter into agricultural fields.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32492-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1708146141000},"page":"20017-20032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Fate of fluoroquinolones in field soil environment after incorporation of poultry litter from a farm with enrofloxacin administration via drinking water"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3408-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Fu\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Amrichov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Brabcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Karp\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Kol\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Pokludov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160\u00e1rka","family":"Pol\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Mravcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"32492_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2015.07.0393","volume":"45","author":"DS Aga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aga DS, Lenczewski M, Snow D, Muurinen J, Sallach JB, Wallace JS (2016) Challenges in the measurement of antibiotics and in evaluating their impacts in agroecosystems: a critical review. 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