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The aim of this work was to study the elimination of five neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam (THM), imidacloprid (IMI), clothianidin (CLO), thiacloprid (THC), and acetamiprid (ACE)) using ferrate (Fe(VI)) as the oxidizing agent. Firstly, second-order rate constants for the reactions of neonicotinoids with Fe(VI) were determined at different pHs. The most reactive compound was THC, with a rate constant of 400\u2009\u00b1\u200943\u00a0M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at pH 8 (the optimum pH considering the predominance of the most reactive species (HFeO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and the decreasing self-decomposition of Fe(VI) with pH), followed by CLO (10.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u00a0M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), THM (9.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and IMI (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). ACE did not significantly react with Fe(VI). The oxidation of the selected pollutants in secondary effluents by Fe(VI) was rather slow, and only THC could be efficiently removed. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) exerted a negative influence on the removal of the neonicotinoids of moderate reactivity with Fe(VI) (CLO, THM, and IMI). The additional presence of peroxymonosulfate (Fe(VI)\/PMS system) slightly increased the removal of neonicotinoids due to the formation of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. Finally, the application of the Fe(VI)\/sulfite system considerably increased the oxidation rate of the selected pollutants, with enhanced formation of hydroxyl and, especially, sulfate radicals. Overall, these results suggest that the Fe(VI)\/sulfite system has significant potential to address environmental and health concerns associated with neonicotinoids in water sources with low NOM content.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-33167-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:02:05Z","timestamp":1712584925000},"page":"29684-29694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Removal of neonicotinoids present in secondary effluents by ferrate(VI)-based oxidation processes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2305-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Real","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan L.","family":"Acero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Matamoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"33167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.09.076","volume":"211","author":"JL Acero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Acero JL, Real FJ, Benitez FJ, Matamoros E (2019) Degradation of neonicotinoids by UV irradiation: kinetics and effect of real water constituents. 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