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Synthetic compost based on wheat straw was prepared by fermentation and disinfection. After steam pasteurization, 5 g of <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic> mycelia were inoculated into 1 kg of compost. To determine the effects of formaldehyde, 2, 4, and 6% concentrations were added to the composts, while compost without formaldehyde was used for the control group. The harvesting period was set at 10 weeks. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, macro- and microelement profile, and phenolic content were analyzed in the harvested <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic> samples. Macro- and microelement content was determined by ICP-OES, and phenolic compound profile was determined by LC-MS\/MS analysis. Formaldehyde levels in <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic> samples were determined by the acetylacetone spectrophotometry method. The antioxidant capacity of <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic> samples was determined by DPPH scavenging activity; antimutagenic effects of samples were determined by <jats:italic>Allium<\/jats:italic> test. Application of 2, 4, and 6% formaldehyde resulted in a 1.12-, 1.19-, and 2.07-fold reduction in total phenolic content, respectively. The total phenolic content was reduced between 34.4% and 71.8%. These changes were confirmed by LC-MS\/MS analysis. Compounds such as protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, and 4-OH benzoic acid, which were detected in the control group, could not be detected in the samples treated with 6% formaldehyde, and it was found that the application of formaldehyde reduced the phenolic content. Similar changes were also observed in macro- and microelements, and significant changes in elemental contents were observed after formaldehyde application. While the presence of formaldehyde at a low level, which may be due to natural production, was detected in the control group, a residue of 11.41 \u00b1 0.93 mg\/kg was determined in the 6% FMD applied group. All these changes resulted in a decrease in the antioxidant activity of <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic>. The DPPH scavenging activity, which was determined in the range of 21.6\u201373.3% in the control samples, decreased to 12.3\u201356.7% in the samples treated with formaldehyde. These results indicate that the application of formaldehyde at different stages of <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic> cultivation leads to significant changes in the nutritional value and biological activity of <jats:italic>A. bisporus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-33625-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T03:40:31Z","timestamp":1715398831000},"page":"35581-35594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of formaldehyde exposure on phytochemical content and functional activity of Agaricus bisporus (Lge.) 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