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While the exact mechanisms remain unclear, it is evident that metal oxide nanoparticles can disrupt cellular functions, including metabolism and inflammatory responses after crossing the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). Our study investigates the impact of manual metal arc welding fumes on hormone receptor transcription in an in vivo mouse model. After collecting samples from six different brain regions at 24 and 96\u00a0h upon exposure, we focused on expression levels of estrogen receptors (ERs), thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) due to their roles in modulating neuroprotective responses and neuroinflammatory processes. Analysis revealed differential susceptibility of brain regions to hormonal disruption induced by welding fumes, with the hypothalamus (HT) and olfactory bulb (OB) showing prominent changes in receptor expression. Considering ERs, 24\u00a0h sampling showed an elevation in OB, with later increases in both ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2. HT showed significant ER\u03b2 change only by 96\u00a0h. TRs mirrored ER patterns, with notable changes in OB and less in HT. PPAR\u03b3 followed TR trends, with early upregulation in HT and downregulation elsewhere. These findings suggest a compensatory response within the CNS aimed at mitigating neuroinflammatory effects, as evidenced by the upregulation of ER\u03b2, TR\u03b1, and PPAR\u03b3. The coordinated increase in ERs, TRs, and PPARs in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb also highlights their potential neuroprotective roles in response to welding fume exposure. Our results also support the theory of metal oxide penetration to the CNS via the lungs-blood-BBB pathway, making HT and OB more vulnerable to welding fume exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34425-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T17:03:10Z","timestamp":1723482190000},"page":"51834-51843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of metal oxide inhalation on the transcription of some hormone receptors in the brain, examined in an in vivo mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"David Sandor","family":"Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istvan","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Bartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akos","family":"Jerzsele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Zsarnovszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erzsebet","family":"Pasztine Gere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ondrasovicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Varro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Kovago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"34425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/713611032","volume":"33","author":"JM Antonini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Antonini JM (2003) Health effects of welding. 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