{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:49:44Z","timestamp":1790390984369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["project PID2019-105990RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project PID2019-105990RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009613","name":"CIEMAT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the current situation and possible health risks due to pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) including analgesics, antibiotics, antifungals, anti-inflammatories, psychiatric and cardiovascular drugs, and metabolites, in indoor environments. To achieve this objective, a total of 85 dust samples were collected in 2022 from three different Spanish indoor environments: homes, classrooms, and offices. The analytical method was validated meeting SANTE\/2020\/12830 and SANTE\/12682\/2019 performance criteria. All indoor dust samples except one presented at least one PhAC. Although concentration levels ranged from\u2009&lt;\u2009LOQ to 18\u00a0\u00b5g\/g, only acetaminophen, thiabendazole, clotrimazole, and anhydroerythromycin showed quantification frequencies (Qf %) above 19% with median concentrations of 166\u00a0ng\/g, 74\u00a0ng\/g, 25\u00a0ng\/g and 14\u00a0ng\/g, respectively. The PhAC distribution between dust deposited on the floor and settled on elevated (&gt;\u20090.5\u00a0m) surfaces was assessed but no significant differences (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05, Mann\u2013Whitney U-test) were found. However, concentrations quantified at the three types of locations showed significant differences (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, Kruskal\u2013Wallis H-test). Homes turned out to be the indoor environment with higher pharmaceutical concentrations, especially acetaminophen (678\u00a0ng\/g, median). The use of these medicines and their subsequent removal from the body were identified as the main PhAC sources in indoor dust. Relationships between occupant habits, building characteristics, and\/or medicine consumption and PhAC concentrations were studied. Finally, on account of concentration differences, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for inhalation, ingestion and dermal adsorption exposure pathways were calculated for toddlers, adolescents and adults in homes, classrooms and offices separately. Results proved that dust ingestion is the main route of exposure, contributing more than 99% in all indoor environments. Moreover, PhAC intakes for all studied groups, at occupational locations (classrooms and offices) are much lower than that obtained for homes, where hazard indexes (HIs) obtained for acetaminophen (7%\u201412%) and clotrimazole (4%-7%) at the worst scenario (P95) highlight the need for continuous monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34459-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T16:02:28Z","timestamp":1722355348000},"page":"49682-49693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Occurrence and human risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in indoor dust from homes, schools and offices"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Royano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0360-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"34459_CR1","unstructured":"Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, AEMPS (Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products), 2023. Medicines Information Centre. https:\/\/cima.aemps.es\/cima\/publico\/lista.html (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"34459_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.06.033","volume":"184","author":"J Ao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ao J, Yuan T, Ma Y, Gao L, Ni N, Li D (2017) Identification, characteristics and human exposure assessment of triclosan, bisphenol-A and four commonly used organic UV filters in indoor dust collected from Shanghai, China. Chemosphere 184:575\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.06.033","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"34459_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.11.038","volume":"169","author":"D Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao D, Lv K, Gao W, Fu J, Wu J, Fu J, Wang Y, Jiang G (2019) Presence and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants (OPEs) in indoor dust and air in Beijing. China Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 169:383\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.11.038","journal-title":"China Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"34459_CR4","unstructured":"CEMEF (2023) Emerging Pollutants in River Ecosystems. Environmental transfer and associated risk (CEMEF 2020\u20132023). PID2019\u2013105990RB-I00.\u00a0http:\/\/projects.ciemat.es\/web\/cemef\/inicio-titulo#. Accessed 24 Jul 2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"34459_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6827","DOI":"10.1021\/es500516u","volume":"48","author":"E Cequier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cequier E, Ionas AC, Covaci A, Marc\u00e9 RM, Becher G, Thomsen C (2014) Occurrence of a Broad Range of Legacy and Emerging Flame Retardants in Indoor Environments in Norway. Environ Sci Technol 48(12):6827\u20136835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es500516u","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"34459_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.10.082","volume":"365","author":"M Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen M, Jiang J, Gan Z, Yan Y, Ding S, Su S, Bao X (2019) Grain size distribution and exposure evaluation of organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants in indoor and outdoor dust and PM10 from Chengdu. China J Hazard Mater 365:280\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.10.082","journal-title":"China J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"34459_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127633","volume":"260","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu Q, Ma J, Yang S, Wu Y, An Y (2020) A review on organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from China: Implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 260:127633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127633","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"34459_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.463","volume":"685","author":"A De la Torre","year":"2019","unstructured":"De la Torre A, Navarro I, Sanz P, Martinez MA (2019) Occurrence and human exposure assessment of perfluorinated substances in house dust from three European countries. Sci Tot Environ 685:308\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.463","journal-title":"Sci Tot Environ"},{"key":"34459_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121009","volume":"382","author":"A De la Torre","year":"2020","unstructured":"De la Torre A, Navarro I, Sanz P, Martinez MA (2020) Organophosphate compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in European indoor dust: Use, evidence for replacements and assessment of human exposure. J Hazard Mater 382:121009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121009","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"34459_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34814","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-24630-0","volume":"30","author":"HT Duong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duong HT, Kadokami K, Nguyen DT, Trinh HT, Doan NH, Mizukawa H, Takahashi S (2023) Occurrence, potential sources, and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in atmospheric particulate matter in Hanoi, Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30:34814\u201334826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-24630-0","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"34459_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EASP, Escuela Andaluza de Salud P\u00fablica (2019) Tratamiento del acn\u00e9: actualizaci\u00f3n [Acne treatment: update]. Bol Ter ANDAL. 34(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11119\/BTA2019-34-04","DOI":"10.11119\/BTA2019-34-04"},{"key":"34459_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2011) Use of the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database in Exposure Assessment. EFSA J 9(3):2097. Available online at https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/2097.\u00a0Accessed 24 Jul 2024","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2097"},{"key":"34459_CR13","unstructured":"European Commission (2019) Analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food & feed. SANTE\/ 12682\/2019. Available online at https:\/\/www.eurl-pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/EurlALL\/AqcGuidance_SANTE_2019_12682.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 24 Jul 2024"},{"key":"34459_CR14","unstructured":"European Commission (2020) Pesticide analytical methods for risk assessment and post-approval control and monitoring purposes. SANTE\/2020\/12830 Rev.1. Available online at https:\/\/food.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2021-03\/pesticides_ppp_app-proc_guide_res_mrl-guidelines-2020-12830.pdf. Accessed 24 Jul 2024"},{"key":"34459_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7110371","volume":"7","author":"N Fauziah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fauziah N, Aviani JK, Agrianfanny YN, Fatimah SN (2022) Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Nutritional Status in Children under Five Years Old: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 7:371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed7110371","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"34459_CR16","unstructured":"Fumad\u00f3 V (2015) Par\u00e1sitos intestinales. Pediatr Integral XIX (1):58\u201365. Available online at https:\/\/www.pediatriaintegral.es\/publicacion-2015-01\/parasitos-intestinales\/. Accessed 24 Jul 2024"},{"key":"34459_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1021\/es903476t","volume":"44","author":"S Harrad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harrad S, De Wit CA, Abdallah MA, Bergh C, Bj\u00f6rklund JA, Covaci A, Darnerud PO, De Boer J, Diamond M, Huber S, Leonards P, Madalakis M, \u00d6stman C, Haug LS, Thomsen C, Webster TF (2010) Indoor Contamination with Hexabromocyclododecanes, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, and Perfluoroalkyl Compounds: An Important Exposure Pathway for People? Environ Sci Technol 44:3221\u20133231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es903476t","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"34459_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/vjch.202100098","volume":"60","author":"HN Hoang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoang HN, Hanh DT, Ha LS, Duong NT, Ha TT (2022) Current situation and health risk assessment of acetaminophen and chlorpheniramine maleate in urban house dust from Hanoi Vietnam. Vietnam J Chem 60(1):116\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vjch.202100098","journal-title":"Vietnam J Chem"},{"key":"34459_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1870-7","volume":"71","author":"J Holstiege","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holstiege J, Enders D, Schink T, Innocenti F, Oteri A, Bezemer I, Kaguelidou F, Molokhia M, Poluzzi E, Puccini A, Ulrichsen SP, Sturkenboom MC, Trifir\u00f2 G, Garbe E (2015) Trends in paediatric macrolide use in five European countries \u2013 a population-based study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 71:991\u2013999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1870-7","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"34459_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.05.031","volume":"404","author":"HM Hwang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hwang HM, Park EK, Young TM, Hammock BD (2008) Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in indoor dust. Sci Total Environ 404:26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.05.031","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"34459_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2009.06.077","volume":"80","author":"A Jel\u00edc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jel\u00edc A, Petrovic M, Barcel\u00f3 D (2009) Multi-residue method for trace level determination of pharmaceuticals in solid samples using pressurized liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography\/quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Talanta 80:363\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2009.06.077","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"34459_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138971","volume":"334","author":"T Lan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lan T, Chen S, Zhang Y, Gan Z, Su S, Ding S, Sun W (2023) Occurrence, ecology risk assessment and exposure evaluation of 19 anthelmintics in dust and soil from China. Chemosphere 334:138971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138971","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"34459_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26929","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-24137-8","volume":"30","author":"C Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li C, Chen X (2023) Parabens in indoor dust from houses, university dormitories, and cosmetics stores in Nanjing, China: occurrence and human exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30:26929\u201326937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-24137-8","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"34459_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.328","volume":"615","author":"S Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li S, Shi W, Liu W, Li H, Zhang W, Hu J, Ke Y, Sun W, Ni J (2018) A duodecennial national synthesis of antibiotics in China\u2019s major rivers and seas (2005\u20132016). Sci Total Environ 615:906\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.328","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"34459_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.038","volume":"246","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Shi W, You M, Zhang R, Kuang Y, Dang C, Sun W, Zhou Y, Wang W, Ni J (2019) Antibiotics in water and sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir, China: Spatiotemporal distribution and indicator screening. Environ Pollut 246:435\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.038","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"34459_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119168","volume":"304","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Wan Y, Jiang Y, Xia W, He Z, Xu S (2022) Occurrence of azole and strobilurin fungicides in indoor dust from three cities of China. Environ Pollut 304:119168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119168","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"34459_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6081","DOI":"10.1021\/es101368n","volume":"44","author":"Y Lu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lu Y, Yuan T, Yun SH, Wang W, Wu Q, Kannan K (2010) Occurrence of cyclic and linear siloxanes in indoor dust from China, and implication for human exposures. Environ Sci Technol 44:6081\u20136087","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"34459_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-010-9595-1","volume":"60","author":"Y Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu Y, Yuan T, Yun SH, Wang W, Kannan K (2011) Occurrence of synthetic musks in indoor dust from China and implication for human exposure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 60:182\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-010-9595-1","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"34459_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2004.08.004","volume":"567","author":"RM Maertens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maertens RM, Bailey J, White PA (2004) The mutagenic hazards of settled house dust: a review. Mutat Res 567:401\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2004.08.004","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"34459_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.01.005","volume":"15","author":"L Melymuk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melymuk L, Demirtepe H, J\u00edlkov\u00e1 SR (2020) Indoor dust and associated chemical exposures. Curr Opin Environ Sci Health 15:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.01.005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Environ Sci Health"},{"key":"34459_CR32","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (2023) Registration of Phytosanitary Products. https:\/\/servicio.mapa.gob.es\/regfiweb# (accessed 6 October 2023)."},{"key":"34459_CR33","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (2023) Consumption of medicines in prescriptions dispensed in pharmacies charged to the National Health System by Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification (ATC). https:\/\/www.sanidad.gob.es\/profesionales\/farmacia\/ConsumoRecetasATC\/home.htm (accessed 10 August 2023)."},{"key":"34459_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.08.136","volume":"145","author":"C M\u00fcller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fcller C, David L, Chis V, P\u00eenzaru C (2014) Detection of thiabendazole applied on citrus fruits and bananas using surface enhanced Raman scattering. Food Chem 145:814\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.08.136","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"34459_CR35","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz MJ (2001) El acn\u00e9 y su tratamiento [Acne and its treatment]. Offarm, 20(8), 71\u201381. Available online at https:\/\/www.elsevier.es\/es-revista-offarm-4-articulo-el-acne-su-tratamiento-13018369"},{"key":"34459_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167797","volume":"905","author":"I Navarro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Navarro I, De la Torre A, Sanz P, Balsi I, Harkes P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Norgaard T, Glavan M, Paskovic I, Paskovic MP, Abrantes N, Campos I, Alcon F, Contreras J, Alaoui A, Hofman J, Vested A, Bureau M, Aparicio V, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Mol H, Geissen V, Silva V, Mart\u00ednez MA (2023) Occurrence of pesticide residues in indoor dust of farmworker households across Europe and Argentina. Sci Total Environ 905:167797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167797","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"34459_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/ae3016b9-en","author":"OECD","year":"2021","unstructured":"OECD (2021) Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/ae3016b9-en","journal-title":"OECD Publishing, Paris,"},{"key":"34459_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00406-5","volume":"32","author":"H \u00d6zkaynak","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6zkaynak H, Glen G, Cohen J, Hubbard H, Thomas K, Phillips L, Tulve N (2022) Model based prediction of age-specific soil and dust ingestion rates for children. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 32:472\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-021-00406-5","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"34459_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.84","volume":"27","author":"G Pawar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pawar G, Abdallah MA, de S\u00e1a EV, Harrad S (2017) Dermal bioaccessibility of flame retardants from indoor dust and the influence of topically applied cosmetics. J Exposure Sci Environ Epidemiol 27(1):100\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jes.2015.84","journal-title":"J Exposure Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"34459_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2023.100241","volume":"9","author":"B Petrie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Petrie B, Moura DS, Lawton LA, Sanganyado E (2023) Chiral pharmaceutical drug adsorption to natural and synthetic particulates in water and their desorption in simulated gastric fluid. J Hazard Mater 9:100241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hazadv.2023.100241","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"34459_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163350","volume":"881","author":"J P\u0142otka-Wasylka","year":"2023","unstructured":"P\u0142otka-Wasylka J, Mulkiewicz E, Lis H, Godlewska K, Kurowska-Susdorf A, Sajid M, Lambropoulou D, Jatkowska N (2023) Endocrine disrupting compounds in the baby\u2019s world - A harmful environment to the health of babies. Sci Total Environ 881:163350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163350","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"34459_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.027","volume":"223","author":"P Rantakokko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rantakokko P, Kumar E, Braber J, Huang T, Kiviranta H, Cequier E, Thomsen C (2019) Concentrations of brominated and phosphorous flame retardants in Finnish house dust and insights into children\u2019s exposure. Chemosphere 223:99\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.027","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"34459_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206914","volume":"75","author":"E Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts E, Delgado Nunes V, Buckner S, Latchem S, Constanti M, Miller P, Doherty M, Zhang W, Birrel F, Porcheret M, Dziedzic K, Bernstein I, Wise E, Conaghan PG (2015) Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis 75:552\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206914","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"34459_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167422","volume":"905","author":"S Royano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Royano S, De la Torre A, Navarro I, Martinez MA (2023) Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in surface water: Occurrence, trends and risk assessment in the Tagus River Basin (Spain). Sci Total Environ 905:167422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167422","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"34459_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-008-0044-z","volume":"26","author":"T Saito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saito T, Morita S, Inoue S, Yamamoto I, Inokuchi S (2008) GC-MS assay for Acetaminophen in human segments. Forensic Toxicol 26:27\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11419-008-0044-z","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"34459_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2017.1331675","volume":"52","author":"S Salis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salis S, Testa C, Roncada P, Armorini S, Rubattu N, Ferrari A et al (2017) Occurrence of imidacloprid, carbendazim, and other biocides in Italian house dust: potential relevance for intakes in children and pets. J Environ Sci Health B 52:699\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03601234.2017.1331675","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health B"},{"key":"34459_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121030","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-30543-3","volume":"30","author":"H Saygin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saygin H, Baysal A, Zora ST, Tilkili B (2023) A characterization and an exposure risk assessment of microplastics in settled house floor dust in Istanbul, Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30:121030\u2013121049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-30543-3","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"34459_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500490","volume":"17","author":"C Schweizer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schweizer C, Edwards RD, Bayer-Oglesby L, Gauderman WJ, Ilacqua V, Jantunen MJ, Lai HK, Nieuwenhuijsen M, K\u00fcnzli N (2007) Indoor time\u2013microenvironment\u2013activity patterns in seven regions of Europe. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17:170\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jes.7500490","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"34459_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12607","volume":"30","author":"HM Shin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shin HM, Moschet C, Young TM, Bennett DH (2020) Measured Concentrations of Consumer Product Chemicals in California House Dust: Implications for Sources, Exposure, and Toxicity Potential. Indoor Air 30(1):60\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ina.12607","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"34459_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20295","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA03702G","volume":"8","author":"Q Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun Q, Suo Z, Pu H, Tang P, Gan N, Gan R, Zhai Y, Ding X, Li H (2018) Studies of the binding properties of the food preservative thiabendazole to DNA by computer simulations and NMR relaxation. RSC Adv 8:20295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C8RA03702G","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"34459_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-023-00274-7","volume":"9","author":"J Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun J, Wang J, Feng Y, Lin N, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhang P, Wu M, Du W, Pan B (2023) Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust in China: Occurrence, Source, and Health Risk. Curr Pollution Rep 9:798\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40726-023-00274-7","journal-title":"Curr Pollution Rep"},{"key":"34459_CR52","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (2011) Update for Chapter 5 of the Exposure Factors Handbook - Soil and Dust Ingestion. 2011 Edition. EPA\/600\/R-090\/052F. https:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/ncea\/risk\/recordisplay.cfm?deid=236252"},{"key":"34459_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-022-10475-0","volume":"194","author":"R Upadhyay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Upadhyay R, Singh S, Kaur G (2022) Sorption of pharmaceuticals over microplastics\u2019 surfaces: interaction mechanisms and governing factors. Environ Monit Assess 194:803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-022-10475-0","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"34459_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2022.103046","volume":"49","author":"V Varadharajan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varadharajan V, Senthilkumar DS, Senthilkumar K, Sundramurthy VP, Manikandan R, Senthilarasan H, Ganesan H, Kesavamoorthy I, Ramasamy A (2022) Process modelling and toxicological evaluation of adsorption of tetracycline onto the magnetized cotton dust biochar. J Water Process Eng 49:103046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2022.103046","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"34459_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124391","volume":"236","author":"HN Vo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vo HN, Le GK, Nguyen TM, Bui XT, Nguyen KH, Rene ER, Vo TD, Cao ND, Mohan R (2019) Acetaminophen micropollutant: Historical and current occurrences, toxicity, removal strategies and transformation pathways in different environments. Chemosphere. 236:124391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124391","journal-title":"Chemosphere."},{"key":"34459_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, MacNeil JD, Kay JF (2012) Chemical analysis of antibiotic residues in food. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118067208"},{"key":"34459_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132340","volume":"287","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang J, Ching YC, Kadokami K (2022) Occurrence and exposure risk assessment of organic micropollutants in indoor dust from Malaysia. Chemosphere 287:132340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132340","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"34459_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.06.087","volume":"304","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang S, Dong Y, Yang Z, Yang W, Wu J, Dong C (2016) Adsorption of pharmaceuticals on chitosan-based magnetic composite particles with core-brush topology. Chem Eng J 304:325\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2016.06.087","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"34459_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162374","volume":"874","author":"L Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu L, Hajeb P, Fauser P, Vorkamp K (2023) Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor dust: A review of temporal and spatial trends, and human exposure. Sci Total Environ 874:162374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162374","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34459-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34459-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34459-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T06:15:52Z","timestamp":1723616152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34459-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["34459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34459-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}