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The correspondence among investigated health outcomes and pollutants was discussed based on the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). LCA indicated the ability of MSWI in avoiding human health impact, about\u2009\u2212\u20092\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> DALY\/tonne together with avoided emissions of particulate matter (PM) and resource depletion, about\u2009\u2212\u20092.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0kg Sb<jats:sub>eq<\/jats:sub>\/tonne and about\u2009\u2212\u20090.11\u00a0kg PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\u00a0eq\/tonne, respectively. Positive emissions were detected for greenhouses (about 900\u00a0kg CO<jats:sub>2eq<\/jats:sub>\/tonne) and ecotoxicity (about 15,000 CTUe\/tonne). Epidemiologic studies performed on population exposed to MSWI reported quite contrasting results. In some of these, hazard ratio (HR) ranging from about 0.7 to 2.2 was reported concerning the incidence of stomach, liver, breast and bladder cancer. Larger agreement was detected concerning the incidence of larynx and lung cancer with HR ranging from about 1 to about 2.6. Direct causal nexuses were not definitively identified. Oxidative potential of PM was characterized by a high Pearson correlation\u2009&gt;\u20090.8 to the presence of CrVI, Cu and Zn. These heavy metals were also identified by both CAS and IARC as toxic (i.e. Cu and Zn) and cancerous (i.e. CrVI) substances affecting the organs of both respiratory and digestive apparatus. In general, even if more research is necessary, LCA, oxidative potential and the epidemiologic survey results showed a high level of accordance. 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