{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:46:17Z","timestamp":1784097977930,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35724-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T04:44:24Z","timestamp":1737002664000},"page":"2113-2132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamics of pollution and trophic status in selected sub-tropical surface water bodies in Haridwar district, India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9945-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balendu Shekher","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"35724_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5755\/j01.erem.67.1.4545","volume":"67","author":"R Amfo-Otu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amfo-Otu R, Agyenim JB, Nimba-Bumah GB (2014) Correlation analysis of groundwater colouration from Mountainous Areas, Ghana. Environ Res Eng Manag 67:16\u201324","journal-title":"Environ Res Eng Manag"},{"key":"35724_CR2","first-page":"17","volume":"30","author":"A Aminot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aminot A, Rey F (2001) Chlorophyll a: determination by spectroscopic methods. ICES Techniques Marine Environ Sci 30:17","journal-title":"ICES Techniques Marine Environ Sci"},{"key":"35724_CR3","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"APHA","year":"2012","unstructured":"APHA (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"35724_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"24","author":"DI Arnon","year":"1949","unstructured":"Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase Beta Vulgaris Plant Physiol 24:1\u201315","journal-title":"Polyphenoloxidase Beta Vulgaris Plant Physiol"},{"key":"35724_CR5","first-page":"14297","volume":"3","author":"DN Barki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barki DN, Singa P (2014) Assessment of trophic state of lakes in terms of Carlson\u2019s trophic state index. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 3:14297\u201314302","journal-title":"Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"35724_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40899-015-0014-7","volume":"2","author":"R Bhateria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhateria R, Jain D (2016) Water quality assessment of lake water: a review. Sustain Water Res Manag 2:161\u2013173","journal-title":"Sustain Water Res Manag"},{"key":"35724_CR7","unstructured":"BIS (2012) ENVIS Centre: Punjab BIS ( ISI ) water quality standards for classifying surface water sources. Minist Environ For Clim Chang Govt India BIS. http:\/\/punenvis.nic.in\/index3.aspx?sslid=2473&subsublinkid=1722&langid=1&mid=1"},{"key":"35724_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-08456-2","volume":"192","author":"MJ Bowes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowes MJ, Read DS, Joshi H, Sinha R, Ansari A, Hazra M, Simon M, Vishwakarma R, Armstrong LK, Nicholls DJE, Wickham HD, Ward J, Carvalho LR, Rees HG (2020) Nutrient and microbial water quality of the upper Ganga River, India: identification of pollution sources. Environ Monit Assess 192:533","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"35724_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121874","volume":"331","author":"S Cankaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cankaya S, Varol M, Bekleyen A (2023) Hydrochemistry, water quality and health risk assessment of streams in Bismil plain, an important agricultural area in southeast Turkiye. Environ Pollut 331:121874","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"35724_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2021.100392","volume":"5","author":"T Chakravarty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chakravarty, T, Gupta, S (2021) Assessment of water quality of a hilly river of south Assam north east India using water quality index and multivariate statistical analysis. Environ Challenges 5:5100392","journal-title":"Environmental Challenges"},{"key":"35724_CR11","unstructured":"CPCB (2019) Water quality criteria. Cent Pollut Control Board, Minist Environ For Govt India. https:\/\/cpcb.nic.in\/water-quality-criteria\/"},{"key":"35724_CR12","first-page":"95","volume":"10","author":"BK Deoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deoli BK, Bartarya SK, Siddiqui NA (2017) Assessment of surface and ground water quality of Haridwar district of Uttarakhand. Int J ChemTech Res 10:95\u2013118","journal-title":"Int J ChemTech Res"},{"key":"35724_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmm.2020.100375","volume":"15","author":"D Dimri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dimri D, Daverey A, Kumar A, Sharma A (2021) Monitoring water quality of River Ganga using multivariate techniques and WQI (Water Quality Index) in Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India. Environ Nanotechnol Monitor Manag 15:100375","journal-title":"Environ Nanotechnol Monitor Manag"},{"key":"35724_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3390\/w14071131","volume":"14","author":"M Gad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gad M, Saleh AH, Hussein H, Farouk M, Elsayed S (2022) Appraisal of surface water quality of Nile river using water quality indices, spectral signature and multivariate modeling. Water 14:1131","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"35724_CR15","first-page":"300","volume":"37","author":"RK Horton","year":"1965","unstructured":"Horton RK (1965) An index number system for rating water quality. J Water Pollut Contr Federat 37:300\u2013306","journal-title":"J Water Pollut Contr Federat"},{"key":"35724_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.114493","volume":"187","author":"A Ibrahim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ibrahim A, Ismail A, Juahir H, Iliyasu AB, Wailare BT, Mukhtar M, Aminu H (2023) Water quality modelling using principal component analysis and artificial neural network. Mar Pollut Bull 187:114493","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"35724_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6689","DOI":"10.3390\/su14116689","volume":"14","author":"O Ihsane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ihsane O, Zahra E, Sanae R, Mohammed E, Bourhia M, Ali GAM, Ouahmane L, Salamatullah AM, Aboul-Soud MAM, Giesy JP, Mohamed F (2022) Physicochemical characterization and assessment of magnitude of pollution to contribute to water sustainability. Sustainability 14:6689","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"35724_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/15715124.2020.1837143","volume":"20","author":"S Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph S, Sijimol MR, Thomas J, Sheela AM (2022) Hydrogeochemical characterization and analysis for irrigation applicability of groundwater in the shallow coastal aquifers: a multivariate statistical approach. Int J River Basin Manag 20:363\u2013374","journal-title":"Int J River Basin Manag"},{"key":"35724_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809665-9.09888-8","volume":"5","author":"MN Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan MN, Mobin M, Abbas ZK, Alamri SA (2018) Fertilizers and their contaminants in soils, surface and groundwater. Encyclop Anthrop 5:225\u2013240","journal-title":"Encyclop Anthrop"},{"key":"35724_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2018.12.010","volume":"273","author":"HR Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim HR, Yu S, Oh J, Kim KH, Lee JH, Moniruzzaman M, Kim HK, Yun ST (2019) Nitrate contamination and subsequent hydrogeochemical processes of shallow groundwater in agro-livestock farming districts in South Korea. Agr Ecosyst Environ 273:50\u201361","journal-title":"Agr Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"35724_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiran MT, Bhaskar MV, Tiwari A (2016): Phycoremediation of eutrophic lakes using diatom algae. In: Rashed MN (Editor), Lake Sciences and Climate Change. IntechOpen, Rijeka, pp. Ch. 6","DOI":"10.5772\/64111"},{"key":"35724_CR22","unstructured":"Konhauser K, Ehrlich H, Kappler A, Newmann D (2016): Geomicrobial interactions with silicon. Ehrlich\u2019s geomicrobiology, 6th edn. CRC Press, Taylor & Frances Group, Boca Raton, FA, USA, 237\u2013255"},{"key":"35724_CR23","unstructured":"\u2060Kumar P, Singh AN, Shrivastava R, Mohan D (2015) Assessment of seasonal variation in water quality dynamics in river Varuna- a major tributary of river Ganga. Int J Adv Res 3(3):1176\u20131193"},{"key":"35724_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00683-6","volume":"313","author":"CW Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu CW, Lin KH, Kuo YM (2003) Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 313:77\u201389","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"35724_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-021-01534-x","volume":"12","author":"JR Maansi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maansi JR, Wats M (2021) Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh. India Appl Water Sci 12:2","journal-title":"India Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"35724_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09848","volume":"8","author":"M Marselina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marselina M, Wibowo F, Mushfiroh A (2022) Water quality index assessment methods for surface water: A case study of the Citarum River in Indonesia. Heliyon 8:e09848","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"35724_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.02.020","volume":"37","author":"R Noori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Noori R, Khakpour A, Omidvar B, Farokhnia A (2010) Comparison of ANN and principal component analysis-multivariate linear regression models for predicting the river flow based on developed discrepancy ratio statistic. Expert Syst Appl 37:5856\u20135862","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"35724_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.2166\/wpt.2022.081","volume":"17","author":"S Ofori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ofori S, Agyeman PC, Adotey EK, Ruzickov\u00e1 I, Wanner J (2022) Assessing the influence of treated effluent on nutrient enrichment of surface waters using water quality indices and source apportionment. Water Pract Technol 17:1523\u20131534","journal-title":"Water Pract Technol"},{"key":"35724_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmm.2022.100699","volume":"18","author":"M Pamei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pamei M, Elizabeth Hemso B, Puzari A (2022) Evaluation of the physico-chemical and the sustainability of ground and surface water quality using statistical correlation method and Water Quality Index in Dimapur District, Nagaland. Environ Nanotechnol Monitor Manag 18:100699","journal-title":"Environ Nanotechnol Monitor Manag"},{"key":"35724_CR30","first-page":"146","volume":"6","author":"PK Panda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panda PK, Panda RB, Dash PK (2018) The study of water quality and Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients among different physico-chemical parameters of River Salandi, Bhadrak, Odisha, India. Am J Water Res 6:146\u2013155","journal-title":"Am J Water Res"},{"key":"35724_CR31","first-page":"4012","volume":"15","author":"S Saetang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saetang S, Jakmunee J (2022) Evaluation of eutrophication state of Mae Kuang Reservoir, Chiang Mai, Thailand by using Carlson\u2019s trophic state index. Appl Sci Eng Prog 15:4012\u20134012","journal-title":"Appl Sci Eng Prog"},{"key":"35724_CR32","first-page":"82","volume":"2","author":"M Saxena","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saxena M, Saksena D (2012) Water quality and trophic status of Raipur reservoir in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. J Nat Sci Res 2:82\u201396","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Res"},{"key":"35724_CR33","unstructured":"Schreiber K, John M (1986): Field manual for water quality monitoring: an environ-mental education program for schools, by MARK K. MIT."},{"key":"35724_CR34","first-page":"824","volume":"32","author":"BK Shukla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shukla BK, Gupta A, Sharma PK, Bhowmik AR (2020) Pollution status and water quality assessment in pre-monsoon season: a case study of rural villages in Allahabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Mater Today: Proceed 32:824\u2013830","journal-title":"Mater Today: Proceed"},{"key":"35724_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.7472","volume":"98","author":"M Simon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simon M, Joshi H, Hazra M (2023) Performance appraisal of microbial inoculants treating polluted surface water through bench-scale investigation. J Chem Technol Biot 98:2462\u20132476","journal-title":"J Chem Technol Biot"},{"key":"35724_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-4382-0","volume":"187","author":"P Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh P, Chaturvedi RK, Mishra A, Kumari L, Singh R, Pal DB, Giri DD, Singh NL, Tiwary D, Mishra PK (2015) Assessment of ground and surface water quality along the river Varuna, Varanasi. India Environ Monitor Assess 187:170","journal-title":"India Environ Monitor Assess"},{"key":"35724_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-019-1011-z","volume":"9","author":"P Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh P, Bagrania J, Haritash AK (2019) Seasonal behaviour of thermal stratification and trophic status in a sub-tropical Palustrine water body. Appl Water Sci 9:139","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"35724_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00091-3","volume":"100","author":"VH Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith VH, Tilman GD, Nekola JC (1999) Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Pollut 100:179\u2013196","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"35724_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-019-00361-0","volume":"22","author":"R Srinivas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srinivas R, Singh AP, Shankar D (2020) Understanding the threats and challenges concerning Ganges River basin for effective policy recommendations towards sustainable development. Environ Dev Sustain 22:3655\u20133690","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"key":"35724_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2019.02.009","volume":"119","author":"M Stevenson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stevenson M, Bravo C (2019) Advanced turbidity prediction for operational water supply planning. Decis Support Syst 119:72\u201384","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"key":"35724_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-5050-0","volume":"188","author":"AD Sutadian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sutadian AD, Muttil N, Yilmaz AG, Perera BJ (2016) Development of river water quality indices-a review. Environ Monit Assess 188:58","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"35724_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-017-2898-z","volume":"10","author":"G Taoufik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taoufik G, Khouni I, Ghrabi A (2017) Assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Wadi El-Bey River. Tunisia Arabian J Geosci 10:181","journal-title":"Tunisia Arabian J Geosci"},{"key":"35724_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thai-Hoang L, Thong T, Loc HT, Van PTT, Thuy PTP, Thuoc TL (2022) Influences of anthropogenic activities on water quality in the Saigon River, Ho Chi Minh City. Journal of Water and Health 20(3):491\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wh.2022.233","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2022.233"},{"key":"35724_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-022-10007-w","volume":"194","author":"NK Tiwari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tiwari NK, Das Gupta S, Swain HS, Jha DN, Samanta S, Manna RK, Das AK, Das BK (2022) Water quality assessment in the ecologically stressed lower and estuarine stretches of river Ganga using multivariate statistical tool. Environ Monit Assess 194:469","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"35724_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.025","volume":"96","author":"M Tripathi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tripathi M, Singal SK (2019) Use of principal component analysis for parameter selection for development of a novel water quality index: a case study of river ganga india. Ecol Ind 96:430\u2013436","journal-title":"Ecol Ind"},{"key":"35724_CR46","unstructured":"Wilcox LV (1955): Classification and use of irrigation water. US Department of Agriculture, Circular 969, Washington DC"},{"key":"35724_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/w12010246","volume":"12","author":"J Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu J, Jin GQ, Mo YM, Tang HW, Li L (2020) Assessing anthropogenic impacts on chemical and biochemical oxygen demand in different spatial scales with bayesian networks. Water 12:246","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"35724_CR48","unstructured":"Yadav A, Kataria A, Singh K, Mathur K, Goswami S, Haritash AK (2016)\u00a0Seasonal assessment of trophic state of a palustrine water body.\u00a0Int J Eng Res Technol\u00a04(3):1\u20134"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-024-35724-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-024-35724-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-024-35724-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1772611682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-024-35724-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["35724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-35724-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}