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Understanding competitive sorption\u2013desorption, determining the leaching potential, is critical in agricultural contexts where pesticides and surfactants can migrate through soil and contaminate groundwater. This study develops an advanced inverse model based on a maximum likelihood algorithm to characterize sorption\u2013desorption, integrating single and competitive isotherms to estimate key parameters from batch experiments. The study further explores the impacts of compound competition, concentration ratios, and soil properties on sorption\u2013desorption processes, while providing a quantitative comparison between equilibrium and kinetic frameworks. Results indicate that Triton X-100 exhibits minimal sorption with maximum sorption capacity of 0.2 mg\/g\n                    <jats:sub>soil<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which sorption characteristics remain nearly identical regardless of soil composition or the presence of glyphosate. For glyphosate, with a maximum sorption capacity up to 27 mg\/gsoil, the presence of minerals such as albite, muscovite, kaolinite, and illite can increase sorption by up to 45%, resulting in higher sorption to desorption ratio under kinetic conditions and achieving equilibrium in a shorter timeframe. Moreover, the MLM results indicate that competitive conditions reduce glyphosate sorption by up to 10%, with a further 10% decrease observed as the Triton X-100 concentration increases from 0.5 to 2%. Kinetic analysis shows that glyphosate sorption\u2013desorption, in both single and competitive conditions, includes an initial rapid sorption phase where approximately 70% of total sorption occurs with minimal desorption, followed by a slower phase as the system nears equilibrium. The presence of Triton X-100, especially at higher concentrations, extends the rapid sorption phase and delays equilibrium, altering glyphosate\u2019s sorption pattern. Moreover, peak sorption\u2013desorption rates occur within the first 100 min in single-sorption scenarios, while the presence of Triton X-100 slows the sorption rate, spreading it up to 300 min.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-025-37082-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T23:23:21Z","timestamp":1762730601000},"page":"25815-25838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Glyphosate and Triton X-100 single-competitive sorption\u2013desorption analysis through kinetic and equilibrium frameworks utilizing maximum likelihood method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hamid","family":"Moghimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohaddeseh","family":"Mousavi Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijke","family":"Huysmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"37082_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(85)90356-2","volume":"19","author":"I Abe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Abe I, Hayashi K, Tatsumoto H, Kitagawa M, Hirashima T (1985) The relation between activated carbon adsorption and water quality indexes. 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