{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:59:58Z","timestamp":1793865598222,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"57","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-025-37310-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T17:21:05Z","timestamp":1766164865000},"page":"30930-30943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Eco-friendly CaO catalyst from waste blood cockle shells activated by citric acid for efficient biodiesel production from used palm oil"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Puspa Nindro","family":"Mahayuwati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5966-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wega","family":"Trisunaryanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karna","family":"Wijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friska Putri","family":"Normayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"37310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.116","volume":"304","author":"G Abdulkareem-Alsultan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdulkareem-Alsultan G, Asikin-Mijan N, Lee HV, Taufiq-Yap YH (2016) A new route for the synthesis of La-Ca oxide supported on nano activated carbon via vacuum impregnation method for one pot esterification-transesterification reaction. Chem Eng J 304:61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.116","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"37310_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2025.115065","volume":"579","author":"F Ahmad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad F, Wen Y, Zeeshan M, Wang B, Kausar S, Mohamed EG, Huang W (2025) Effect of NH3-assisted Cu-modified NaX catalysts on acid-base property and their synergy in side chain alkylation of toluene with methanol. Mol Catal 579:115065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcat.2025.115065","journal-title":"Mol Catal"},{"key":"37310_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2023.05.025","volume":"211","author":"Z Al-Hamamre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Hamamre Z, Sandouqa A, Al-Saida B, Shawabkeh RA, Alnaief M (2023) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous KNO3\/oil shale ash catalyst. Renew Energy 211:470\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2023.05.025","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"37310_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ansari KA, Banerjee A, Danish M, Hassan S, Sahayaraj D, Khan M, Phan T,Trinh QT (2022) State-of-the-art practices to upgrade biomass fast pyrolysis derived bio-oil. 115\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-85586-0.00003-2","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-85586-0.00003-2"},{"key":"37310_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerr.2023.100032","volume":"1","author":"SF Basumatary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basumatary SF, Brahma S, Hoque M, Das BK, Selvaraj M, Brahma S, Basumatary S (2023) Advances in CaO-based catalysts for sustainable biodiesel synthesis. Green Energy Resour 1:100032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gerr.2023.100032","journal-title":"Green Energy Resour"},{"key":"37310_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berent K, Komarek S, Lach R, Pyda W (2019) The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and performance of nanocrystalline mayenite powders. Materials 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12213476","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12213476"},{"key":"37310_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/min13010102","volume":"13","author":"NV Bulina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bulina NV, Avakyan LA, Makarova SV, Orehov IB, Bystrov VS (2023) Structural features of oxyapatite. Minerals 13:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/min13010102","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"37310_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.111911","volume":"145","author":"B Changmai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Changmai B, Sudarsanam P, Rokhum SL (2020) Biodiesel production using a renewable mesoporous solid catalyst. Ind Crops Prod 145:111911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.111911","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"37310_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.18596\/jotcsa.1416214","volume":"11","author":"W Chukwuemeke Ulakpa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chukwuemeke Ulakpa W, Maryjane Adaeze I, Augustine Chimezie O, Arnold Olaseinde A, Odeworitse E, Onoriode E, Azeez Sarafa O, Aderemi Olutoye M, Dim P, Siddique M (2024) Synthesis and characterization of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPS) from snail shells using hydrothermal method. J Turk Chem Soc Sect A Chem 11:825\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18596\/jotcsa.1416214","journal-title":"J Turk Chem Soc Sect A Chem"},{"key":"37310_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8040410","author":"ME Di Pietro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Pietro ME, Mannu A, Mele A (2020) NMR determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils. Processes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr8040410","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"37310_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116206","volume":"259","author":"RCM dos Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"dos Santos RCM, Gurgel PC, Pereira NS, Breves RA, de Matos PRR, Silva LP, Sales MJA, Lopes RdeVV (2020) Ethyl esters obtained from pequi and maca\u00faba oils by transesterification with homogeneous acid catalysis. Fuel 259:116206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116206","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"37310_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10093153","volume":"10","author":"S Elias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elias S, Rabiu AM, Okeleye BI, Okudoh V, Oyekola O (2020) Bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil. Appl Sci 10:3153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10093153","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"37310_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.07.072","volume":"126","author":"S Ezzah-Mahmudah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ezzah-Mahmudah S, Lokman IM, Saiman MI, Taufiq-Yap YH (2016) Synthesis and characterization of Fe2O3\/CaO derived from Anadara Granosa for methyl ester production. Energy Convers Manag 126:124\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.07.072","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"37310_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102613","volume":"23","author":"OA Falowo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Falowo OA, Ojediran OJ, Moses O, Eghianruwa R, Betiku E (2024) A bifunctional catalyst from waste eggshells and its application in biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil. Results Eng 23:102613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102613","journal-title":"Results Eng"},{"key":"37310_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2020.00101","volume":"8","author":"IMR Fattah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fattah IMR, Ong HC, Mahlia TMI, Mofijur M, Silitonga AS (2020) State of the art of catalysts for biodiesel production. Front Energy Res 8:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenrg.2020.00101","journal-title":"Front Energy Res"},{"key":"37310_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2025.122341","volume":"241","author":"K Fiala","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fiala K, Rublaim A, Leesing R (2025) Boosting wet yeast-based biodiesel production by in-situ transesterification using a novel acid-base bifunctional carbon-based catalyst derived from spent coffee ground and cement residue. Renew Energy 241:122341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2025.122341","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"37310_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fitria RA, Prasetyo N, Saviola AJ, Trisunaryanti W, Syoufian A, Amin AK, Oh WC, Wijaya K (2025) Synthesis of cobalt-dispersed sulfated zirconia nanocatalyst for the hydroconversion of used palm cooking oil into bio-jet fuel. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.101052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.101052"},{"key":"37310_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gohar Khan S, Hassan M, Anwar M, Zeshan, Masood Khan U, Zhao C (2022) Mussel shell based CaO nano-catalyst doped with praseodymium to enhance biodiesel production from castor oil. Fuel 330:125480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.125480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.125480"},{"key":"37310_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.119799","volume":"290","author":"J Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang J, Zou Y, Yaseen M, Qu H, He R, Tong Z (2021) Fabrication of hollow cage-like CaO catalyst for the enhanced biodiesel production via transesterification of soybean oil and methanol. Fuel 290:119799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.119799","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"37310_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1017\/S0885715618000283","volume":"33","author":"JA Kaduk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaduk JA (2018) Crystal structures of tricalcium citrates. Powder Diffr 33:98\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0885715618000283","journal-title":"Powder Diffr"},{"key":"37310_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21354","volume":"9","author":"LK Kathumbi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kathumbi LK, Home PG, Raude JM, Gathitu BB (2023) Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel from black soldier fly larvae: effects of synthesizing catalysts with citric acid. Heliyon 9:e21354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21354","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"37310_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118185","volume":"303","author":"S Kouider Elouahed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kouider Elouahed S, Asikin-Mijan N, Alsultan GA, Kaddour O, Yusop MR, Mimoun H, Samidin S, Mansir N, Taufiq-Yap YH (2024) Optimization of the activity of Mo7-Zn3\/CaO catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil into sustainable biodiesel via response surface methodology. Energy Convers Manag 303:118185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118185","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"37310_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2306\/scienceasia1513-1874.2019.45.010","volume":"45","author":"T Laonapakul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laonapakul T, Sutthi R, Chaikool P, Mutoh Y, Chindaprasirt P (2019) Optimum conditions for preparation of bio-calcium from blood cockle and golden apple snail shells and characterization. Sci Asia 45:10\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2306\/scienceasia1513-1874.2019.45.010","journal-title":"Sci Asia"},{"key":"37310_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20131","DOI":"10.1039\/c8ra02397b","volume":"8","author":"IB Laskar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laskar IB, Rajkumari K, Gupta R, Chatterjee S, Paul B, Rokhum L (2018) Waste snail shell derived heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production by the transesterification of soybean oil. RSC Adv 8:20131\u201320142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c8ra02397b","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"37310_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.108032","volume":"200","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu J, Niu S, Xu Y, Liu S, Zhu J, Yang Z, Geng J, Zhang Y, Hao Y (2025) Sustainable biodiesel production using acid-base bifunction supported catalysts. Biomass Bioenergy 200:108032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.108032","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"37310_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.12.031","volume":"91","author":"SE Mahesh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahesh SE, Ramanathan A, Begum KMMS, Narayanan A (2015) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using KBr impregnated CaO as catalyst. Energy Convers Manag 91:442\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.12.031","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"37310_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.06.071","volume":"123","author":"T Maneerung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maneerung T, Kawi S, Dai Y, Wang CH (2016) Sustainable biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil by using CaO catalysts prepared from chicken manure. Energy Convers Manag 123:487\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.06.071","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"37310_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.08.069","volume":"151","author":"N Mansir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mansir N, Hwa Teo S, Lokman Ibrahim M, Yun Hin TY (2017) Synthesis and application of waste egg shell derived CaO supported W-Mo mixed oxide catalysts for FAME production from waste cooking oil: effect of stoichiometry. Energy Convers Manag 151:216\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.08.069","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"37310_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.07.037","volume":"141","author":"N Mansir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mansir N, Taufiq-Yap YH, Rashid U, Lokman IM (2017) Investigation of heterogeneous solid acid catalyst performance on low grade feedstocks for biodiesel production: a review. Energy Convers Manag 141:171\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.07.037","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"37310_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.157679","volume":"634","author":"Y Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao Y, Cheng J, Guo H, Qian L, Tu J, Yang W (2023) Acid-base bifunctional Fe-NC catalyst with Fe-N4 and Fe nanoparticles active sites derived from Fe-doped ZIF-8 boosted microalgal lipid conversion. Appl Surf Sci 634:157679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.157679","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"37310_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.110623","volume":"11","author":"OA Mawlid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mawlid OA, Abdelhady HH, El-Deab MS (2023) Highly active novel K2CO3 supported on MgFe2O4 magnetic nanocatalyst for low-temperature conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel: RSM optimization, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. J Environ Chem Eng 11:110623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2023.110623","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"37310_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-025-36648-1","author":"WNH Mior Sani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mior Sani WNH, Putra Jaya R, Masri KA, Yaacob H, Al-Saffar ZH (2025) Sustainable asphalt modification using palm oil fuel ash, garnet waste, and sawdust: performance and correlation analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-025-36648-1","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"37310_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.122749","volume":"314","author":"M Mulyatun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mulyatun M, Prameswari J, Istadi I, Widayat W (2022) Production of non-food feedstock based biodiesel using acid-base bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts: a review. Fuel 314:122749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.122749","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"37310_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133296","volume":"290","author":"W Nabgan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nabgan W, Nabgan B, Ikram M, Jadhav AH, Ali MW, Ul-Hamid A, Nam H, Lakshminarayana P, Kumar A, Bahari MB, Khusnun NF (2022) Synthesis and catalytic properties of calcium oxide obtained from organic ash over a titanium nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from dairy scum. Chemosphere 290:133296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133296","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"37310_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.11.029","volume":"151","author":"B Nath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nath B, Kalita P, Das B, Basumatary S (2020) Highly efficient renewable heterogeneous base catalyst derived from waste Sesamum indicum plant for synthesis of biodiesel. Renew Energy 151:295\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2019.11.029","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"37310_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.01.024","volume":"106","author":"MC Nongbe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nongbe MC, Ekou T, Ekou L, Yao KB, Le Grognec E, Felpin F-X (2017) Biodiesel production from palm oil using sulfonated graphene catalyst. Renew Energy 106:135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2017.01.024","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"37310_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152491","volume":"493","author":"G Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park G, Choi D, Kim JY, Jung S, Tsang YF, Kwon EE (2024) Direct conversion of cottonseeds into biodiesel. Chem Eng J 493:152491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152491","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"37310_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50550","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c16680","volume":"12","author":"R Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paul R, Shit SC, Fovanna T, Ferri D, Srinivasa Rao B, Gunasooriya GTKK, Dao DQ, Le QV, Shown I, Sherburne MP, Trinh QT, Mondal J (2020) Realizing catalytic acetophenone hydrodeoxygenation with palladium-equipped porous organic polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:50550\u201350565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.0c16680","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"37310_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106547","volume":"9","author":"RA Pratika","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pratika RA, Wijaya K, Trisunaryanti W (2021) Hydrothermal treatment of SO4\/TiO2 and TiO2\/CaO as heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of Jatropha oil into biodiesel. J Environ Chem Eng 9:106547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106547","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"37310_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35988","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c03833","volume":"8","author":"D Puhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Puhan D, Casford MTL, Davies PB (2023) Evaluation of structural and compositional changes of a model monoaromatic hydrocarbon in a benchtop hydrocracker using GC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. ACS Omega 8:35988\u201336000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c03833","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"37310_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114040","volume":"12","author":"M Safaripour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Safaripour M, Saidi M, Jahangiri A, Nodeh HR, Parandi E (2024) Application of LaNi1-xCoxO3 perovskite structure catalyst for conversion of waste vegetable cooking oil to biodiesel. J Environ Chem Eng 12:114040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114040","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"37310_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.100653","volume":"9","author":"AJ Saviola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saviola AJ, Wijaya K, Syoufian A, Saputri WD, Saputra DA, Aziz ITA, Oh WC (2024) Hydroconversion of used palm cooking oil into bio-jet fuel over phosphoric acid-modified nano-zirconia catalyst. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng 9:100653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.100653","journal-title":"Case Stud Chem Environ Eng"},{"key":"37310_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.11.059","volume":"215\u2013216","author":"GN Shao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shao GN, Sheikh R, Hilonga A, Lee JE, Park Y-H, Kim HT (2013) Biodiesel production by sulfated mesoporous titania\u2013silica catalysts synthesized by the sol\u2013gel process from less expensive precursors. Chem Eng J 215\u2013216:600\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2012.11.059","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"37310_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201800947","volume":"20","author":"F Thaunay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thaunay F, Calvo F, Nicol E, Ohanessian G, Clavagu\u00e9ra C (2019) Infrared spectra of deprotonated dicarboxylic acids: IRMPD spectroscopy and empirical valence-bond modeling. ChemPhysChem 20:803\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphc.201800947","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"37310_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-5813(17)30003-8","volume":"44","author":"B Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang B, Meng D, Wang W, Li Z, Ma X (2016) Effect of citric acid addition on MoO3\/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst for sulfur-resistant methanation. J Fuel Chem Technol 44:1479\u20131484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1872-5813(17)30003-8","journal-title":"J Fuel Chem Technol"},{"key":"37310_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12010083","volume":"12","author":"A Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang A, Li H, Zhang H, Pan H, Yang S (2018) Efficient catalytic production of biodiesel with acid-base bifunctional rod-like Ca-B oxides by the sol-gel approach. Materials 12:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12010083","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"37310_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.121881","volume":"238","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Fu H, Abulizi A, Okitsu K, Maeda Y, Nulahong A, Ren T, Niu S (2025) Biodiesel production from sheep fat catalyzed by CaO-SrO(x)\/BCs(y) acid-base bifunctional catalyst and process optimization. Renew Energy 238:121881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2024.121881","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"37310_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wijaya K, Ayu Pratika R, Trisunaryanti W, Tikoalu A (2024) Modification of\u00a0TiO2\u00a0as\u00a0SO4\/TiO2\u00a0acid and CaO\/TiO2\u00a0base catalysts and their applications in conversion of waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel. Adv Catal Res 377\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-49108-5_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-49108-5_11"},{"key":"37310_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.141104","volume":"350","author":"S Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia S, Tao J, Zhao Y, Men Y, Chen C, Hu Y, Zhu G, Chu Y, Yan B, Chen G (2024) Application of waste derived magnetic acid-base bifunctional CoFe\/biochar\/CaO as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Chemosphere 350:141104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.141104","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"37310_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajce.2019.09.001","volume":"30","author":"AS Yusuff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yusuff AS, Owolabi JO (2019) Synthesis and characterization of alumina supported coconut chaff catalyst for biodiesel production from waste frying oil. S Afr J Chem Eng 30:42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajce.2019.09.001","journal-title":"S Afr J Chem Eng"},{"key":"37310_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120755","volume":"229","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Han Q, Bai H, Li Y, Zhu C, Xie W (2024) Monolithic HZSM-5\/SS-fiber catalysts with high coke-resistance and selectivity for catalytic cracking of castor oil to produce biofuel. Renew Energy 229:120755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120755","journal-title":"Renew Energy"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-025-37310-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-025-37310-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-025-37310-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:23:13Z","timestamp":1768544593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-025-37310-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"57","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-025-37310-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}