{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:05:43Z","timestamp":1778180743543,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-37514-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T08:39:53Z","timestamp":1775291993000},"page":"6554-6574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Soil degradation toxicity potential (DT50) of VPs followed by biodegradability and leaching: Exploration of possible aquatic and terrestrial component toxicity through QSAR, q-RASAR, and comprehensive screening"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yogendra","family":"Chandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Murmu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balaji Wamanrao","family":"Matore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Purusottam","family":"Banjare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagadish","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2357-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Partha Pratim","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"37514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0492","author":"KE Arnold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arnold KE, Boxall ABA, Brown AR, Cuthbert RJ, Gaw S, Hutchinson TH, Jobling S, Madden JC, Metcalfe CD, Naidoo V, Shore RF, Smits JE, Taggart MA, Thompson HM (2013) Assessing the exposure risk and impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment on individuals and ecosystems. Biol Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0492","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"issue":"1656","key":"37514_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0569","volume":"369","author":"KE Arnold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnold KE, Brown AR, Ankley GT, Sumpter JP (2014) Medicating the environment: assessing risks of pharmaceuticals to wildlife and ecosystems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369(1656):20130569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2013.0569","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"37514_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-08661-z","volume":"192","author":"A Balakrishnan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balakrishnan A, Kanchinadham SBK, Kalyanaraman C (2020) Assessment on biodegradability prediction of tannery wastewater using EPI Suite BIOWIN model. Environ Monit Assess 192(11):732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-020-08661-z","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"37514_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00374","volume":"36","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Roy K (2023) On some novel similarity-based functions used in the ML-based q-RASAR approach for efficient quantitative predictions of selected toxicity end points. Chem Res Toxicol 36(3):446\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00374","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"37514_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2024.2386260","volume":"54","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Kar S, Roy K, Patlewicz G, Charest N, Benfenati E, Cronin MTD (2024) Molecular similarity in chemical informatics and predictive toxicity modeling: from quantitative read-across (q-RA) to quantitative read-across structure\u2013activity relationship (q-RASAR) with the application of machine learning. Crit Rev Toxicol 54(9):659\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408444.2024.2386260","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"37514_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae191","author":"P Banjare","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banjare P, Murmu A, Matore BW, Singh J, Papa E, Roy PP (2024) Unveiling the interspecies correlation and sensitivity factor analysis of rat and mouse acute oral toxicity of antimicrobial agents: first QSTR and QTTR modeling report. Toxicol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfae191","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"key":"37514_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae020","author":"P Banjare","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banjare P, Singh R, Pandey NK, Matore BW, Murmu A, Singh J, Roy PP (2024) In silico soil degradation and ecotoxicity analysis of veterinary pharmaceuticals on terrestrial species: first report. Toxicol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfae020","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"key":"37514_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.10.137","volume":"144","author":"H B\u00e1rt\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00e1rt\u00edkov\u00e1 H, Podlipn\u00e1 R, Sk\u00e1lov\u00e1 L (2016) Veterinary drugs in the environment and their toxicity to plants. Chemosphere 144:2290\u20132301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.10.137","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"37514_CR9","unstructured":"BIOVIA, Dassault Syst\u00e8mes (2020) BIOVIA Discovery Studio, [4.1], San Diego: Dassault Syst\u00e8mes"},{"key":"37514_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boxall ABA, Fogg LA, Blackwell PA, Blackwell P, Kay P, Pemberton EJ, and Croxford A (2004) Veterinary medicines in the environment, pp 1\u201391.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-21729-0_1","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-21729-0_1"},{"issue":"3","key":"37514_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EM00064B","volume":"19","author":"ML Card","year":"2017","unstructured":"Card ML, Gomez-Alvarez V, Lee W-H, Lynch DG, Orentas NS, Lee MT, Wong EM, Boethling RS (2017) History of EPI Suite\u2122 and future perspectives on chemical property estimation in US Toxic Substances Control Act new chemical risk assessments. Environ Sci Process Impacts 19(3):203\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7EM00064B","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"37514_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.03.044","volume":"213","author":"LJ Carter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carter LJ, Ryan JJ, Boxall ABA (2016) Effects of soil properties on the uptake of pharmaceuticals into earthworms. Environ Pollut 213:922\u2013931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.03.044","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"37514_CR13","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/antimicrobial-resistance\/media\/pdfs\/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf. Accessed 11 Sept 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"37514_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-024-00302-4","volume":"13","author":"N Chhabra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chhabra N, Matore BW, Lakra N, Banjare P, Murmu A, Bhattacharya A, Gayen S, Singh J, Roy PP (2025) Multilayered screening for multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer\u2019s and anti-Parkinson\u2019s agents through structure-based pharmacophore modelling, MCDM, docking, molecular dynamics and DFT: a case study of HDAC4 inhibitors. In Silico Pharmacol 13(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40203-024-00302-4","journal-title":"In Silico Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"37514_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071415","volume":"14","author":"N Czub","year":"2022","unstructured":"Czub N, Pac\u0142awski A, Szl\u0119k J, Mendyk A (2022) Do AutoML-based QSAR models fulfill OECD principles for regulatory assessment? A 5-HT1A receptor case. Pharmaceutics 14(7):1415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071415","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"37514_CR16","unstructured":"Dar MA, Maqbool M, Rasool S (2019) Pharmaceutical wastes and their disposal practice in routine. Int J Comput Sci Res 6:76\u201392"},{"key":"37514_CR17","unstructured":"DC Chemicals (2024) Mivorilaner (Catalog No. DC46885) Safety Data Sheet. https:\/\/www.dcchemicals.com\/msds\/MSDS_DC46885.html. Accessed 11 Sept 2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"37514_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(03)00603-4","volume":"22","author":"MS D\u0131\u0301az-Cruz","year":"2003","unstructured":"D\u0131\u0301az-Cruz MS, de L\u00f3pez Alda MJ, Barcel\u00f3 D (2003) Environmental behavior and analysis of veterinary and human drugs in soils, sediments and sludge. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 22(6):340\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-9936(03)00603-4","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"37514_CR19","unstructured":"DrugCentral (2022) Pristinamycin. https:\/\/drugcentral.org\/drugcard\/3489?q=Pristinamycin#Vet. Accessed 11 Sept 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR20","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2010) Ibaflin: EPAR-product information. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/ibaflin-epar-product-information_en.pdf. Accessed 11 Sept 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"37514_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2021.h482","volume":"8","author":"M Faruk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faruk M, Shorna H, Anka I (2021) Use and impact of veterinary drugs, antimicrobials, and supplements in fish health management. J Adv Vet Anim Res 8(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/javar.2021.h482","journal-title":"J Adv Vet Anim Res"},{"key":"37514_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2023.106776","volume":"265","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Chatterjee M, Roy K (2023) Quantitative read-across structure-activity relationship (q-RASAR): a new approach methodology to model aquatic toxicity of organic pesticides against different fish species. Aquat Toxicol 265:106776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2023.106776","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"37514_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/qsar.200610151","volume":"26","author":"P Gramatica","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gramatica P (2007) Principles of QSAR models validation: internal and external. QSAR Comb Sci 26(5):694\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/qsar.200610151","journal-title":"QSAR Comb Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"37514_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4018\/IJQSPR.20200701.oa1","volume":"5","author":"P Gramatica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gramatica P (2020) Principles of QSAR modeling. International Journal of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships 5(3):61\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJQSPR.20200701.oa1","journal-title":"International Journal of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships"},{"issue":"24","key":"37514_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23361","volume":"34","author":"P Gramatica","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gramatica P, Chirico N, Papa E, Cassani S, Kovarich S (2013) QSARINS: a new software for the development, analysis, and validation of QSAR MLR models. J Comput Chem 34(24):2121\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.23361","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"37514_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.038","volume":"185","author":"A Grossberger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grossberger A, Hadar Y, Borch T, Chefetz B (2014) Biodegradability of pharmaceutical compounds in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater. Environ Pollut 185:168\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.038","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"4","key":"37514_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620080411","volume":"8","author":"DI Gustafson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gustafson DI (1989) Groundwater ubiquity score: a simple method for assessing pesticide leachability. Environ Toxicol Chem 8(4):339\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5620080411","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"37514_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4428","volume":"38","author":"BM Hedgpeth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hedgpeth BM, Redman AD, Alyea RA, Letinski DJ, Connelly MJ, Butler JD, Zhou H, Lampi MA (2019) Analysis of sublethal toxicity in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to a range of petroleum substances. Environ Toxicol Chem 38(6):1302\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.4428","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"37514_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong H (2023) QSAR in safety evaluation and risk assessment. Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/C2022-0-00536-5","DOI":"10.1016\/C2022-0-00536-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"37514_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Y Kapoor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kapoor Y, Kumar K (2019) Quantitative structure activity relationship in drug design: an overview. SF Journal of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry 2(2):1\u201313","journal-title":"SF Journal of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"37514_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110818","volume":"167","author":"YR Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim YR, Park D, Sim JH, Lee H, Kim JY, Shin D-W, Eom MO (2025) National long-term monitoring and risk assessment of various veterinary drug residues in livestock products in the Republic of Korea. Food Control 167:110818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110818","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"37514_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kir\u00e1ly P, Kiss R, Kov\u00e1cs D, Ballaj A, T\u00f3th G (2022) The relevance of goodness-of-fit, robustness and prediction validation categories of OECD-QSAR principles with respect to sample size and model type. Mol Inform 41(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/minf.202200072","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.202200072"},{"issue":"1","key":"37514_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-017-0230-2","volume":"9","author":"W Klingspohn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klingspohn W, Mathea M, ter Laak A, Heinrich N, Baumann K (2017) Efficiency of different measures for defining the applicability domain of classification models. J Cheminform 9(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13321-017-0230-2","journal-title":"J Cheminform"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"37514_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad226","volume":"77","author":"FC Lessa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lessa FC, Sievert DM (2023) Antibiotic resistance: a global problem and the need to do more. Clin Infect Dis 77(Supplement_1):S1\u2013S3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad226","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"37514_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2015.1133242","volume":"22","author":"KA Lewis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis KA, Tzilivakis J, Warner DJ, Green A (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 22(4):1050\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10807039.2015.1133242","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J"},{"key":"37514_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180169","volume":"997","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li J, Huang H, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhang Q (2025) Contamination remediation and risk assessment of four typical long-residual herbicides: a timely review. Sci Total Environ 997:180169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180169","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37514_CR37","unstructured":"MedChemExpress (2025) Halofuginone-Standard-SDS-MedChemExpress. https:\/\/file.medchemexpress.com\/batch_PDF\/HY-N1584R\/Halofuginone-Standard-SDS-MedChemExpress.pdf. Accessed 11 Sept 2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"37514_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1897\/08-657.1","volume":"28","author":"SC Monteiro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Monteiro SC, Boxall ABA (2009) Factors affecting the degradation of pharmaceuticals in agricultural soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 28(12):2546\u20132554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/08-657.1","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"37514_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131279","volume":"452","author":"J Moreno-Andr\u00e9s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moreno-Andr\u00e9s J, Romero-Mart\u00ednez L, Seoane S, Acevedo-Merino A, Moreno-Garrido I, Nebot E (2023) Evaluation of algaecide effectiveness of five different oxidants applied on harmful phytoplankton. J Hazard Mater 452:131279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131279","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"37514_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.09.012","volume":"95","author":"W Mrozik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mrozik W, Stefa\u0144ska J (2014) Adsorption and biodegradation of antidiabetic pharmaceuticals in soils. Chemosphere 95:281\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.09.012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"37514_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJQSPR.290009","volume":"7","author":"A Murmu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murmu A, Banjare P, Singh J, Roy PP (2021) First QSTR report on Allium cepa phytotoxicity of pesticides. International Journal of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships 7(2):1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJQSPR.290009","journal-title":"International Journal of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships"},{"key":"37514_CR42","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025a) Clotrimazole. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/2812#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR43","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025b) Deracoxib. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/3058754#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR44","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025c) Enoxacin. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/3229#section=Acute-Effects. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR45","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025d) Levofloxacin. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/149096#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR46","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025e) Lotilaner. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/76959255#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR47","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025f) Mirtazapine. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/4205#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR48","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025g) Moxifloxacin. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/152946#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR49","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025h) Norfloxacin. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/4539#section=Safety-and-Hazards.Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR50","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025i) Orbifloxazin. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/60605#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR51","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025j) Pantoprazole. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/4679#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR52","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025k) Pyrimethamine. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/4993#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR53","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025l) Rafoxanide. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/31475#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR54","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025m) Toltrazuril. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/68591#section=Safety-and-Hazards. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR55","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025n) Triclabendazole. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/50248#section=Hazards-Identification. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR56","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025o) Umifoxolaner. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/122609622#section=MolGenie-Organic-Chemistry-Ontology. Accessed 13 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pandey SK, Pore S, Roy K (2025) Assessing biodegradability potential of organic chemicals in aquatic and soil environment through classification-based machine learning models developed in accordance with OECD standards.\u00a0Sci Total Environ 1000:180376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180376"},{"key":"37514_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.12.040","volume":"545\u2013546","author":"M Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan M, Chu LM (2016) Adsorption and degradation of five selected antibiotics in agricultural soil. Sci Total Environ 545\u2013546:48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.12.040","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37514_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papich MG (2016) Difloxacin hydrochloride. In: Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs, pp 238\u2013239. Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-24485-5.00208-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-24485-5.00208-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"37514_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2280(2001)37:1<55::AID-EM1006>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"37","author":"MJ Prival","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prival MJ (2001) Evaluation of the TOPKAT system for predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals. Environ Mol Mutagen 37(1):55\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-2280(2001)37:1%3c55::AID-EM1006%3e3.0.CO;2-5","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"37514_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.02.008","volume":"104","author":"K Rasmussen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasmussen K, Rauscher H, Kearns P, Gonz\u00e1lez M, Riego Sintes J (2019) Developing OECD test guidelines for regulatory testing of nanomaterials to ensure mutual acceptance of test data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 104:74\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.02.008","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"37514_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1396116","author":"H Saeed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saeed H, Padmesh S, Singh A, Nandy A, Singh SP, Deshwal RK (2024) Impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on environment and their mitigation through microbial bioremediation. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1396116","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"37514_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17054791","volume":"17","author":"F Sahigara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahigara F, Mansouri K, Ballabio D, Mauri A, Consonni V, Todeschini R (2012) Comparison of different approaches to define the applicability domain of QSAR models. Molecules 17(5):4791\u20134810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules17054791","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"37514_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salvatore S, Ferrer MV (2025) Report for 2023 on the results from the monitoring of residues of veterinary medicinal products in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting Publ 22(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/sp.efsa.2025.EN-9297","DOI":"10.2903\/sp.efsa.2025.EN-9297"},{"issue":"17","key":"37514_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3038-x","volume":"21","author":"MV Salvia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salvia MV, Experton J, Geandel C, Cren-Oliv\u00e9 C, Vulliet E (2014) Fate of pharmaceutical compounds and steroid hormones in soil: study of transfer and degradation in soil columns. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 21(17):10525\u201310535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-014-3038-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"37514_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.10.100","volume":"175","author":"LHMLM Santos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Santos LHMLM, Ara\u00fajo AN, Fachini A, Pena A, Delerue-Matos C, Montenegro MCBSM (2010) Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. J Hazard Mater 175(1\u20133):45\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.10.100","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"11","key":"37514_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1021\/ci800253u","volume":"48","author":"G Sch\u00fc\u00fcrmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sch\u00fc\u00fcrmann G, Ebert R-U, Chen J, Wang B, K\u00fchne R (2008) External validation and prediction employing the predictive squared correlation coefficient \u2014 test set activity mean vs training set activity mean. J Chem Inf Model 48(11):2140\u20132145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ci800253u","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"issue":"1","key":"37514_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1021\/ci000066d","volume":"41","author":"LM Shi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shi LM, Fang H, Tong W, Wu J, Perkins R, Blair RM, Branham WS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Sheehan DM (2001) QSAR models using a large diverse set of estrogens. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 41(1):186\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ci000066d","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1656","key":"37514_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0570","volume":"369","author":"RF Shore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shore RF, Taggart MA, Smits J, Mateo R, Richards NL, Fryday S (2014) Detection and drivers of exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher vertebrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369(1656):20130570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2013.0570","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"37514_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2478\/johh-2024-0016","volume":"72","author":"TS Steenhuis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Steenhuis TS, Brindt N, Pacenka S, Richards BK, Parlange J-Y, Hassanpour B (2024) A theoretical underpinning of the pesticide Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS). J Hydrol Hydromech 72(3):349\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/johh-2024-0016","journal-title":"J Hydrol Hydromech"},{"issue":"5","key":"37514_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12050728","volume":"12","author":"EN Tzanetou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tzanetou EN, Karasali H (2022) A comprehensive review of organochlorine pesticide monitoring in agricultural soils: the silent threat of a conventional agricultural past. Agriculture 12(5):728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture12050728","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"37514_CR72","unstructured":"University of Hertfordshire A, ERU (AERU) (2025a) 5.1 Environmental fate (PPDB\/BPDB\/VSDB). https:\/\/sitem.herts.ac.uk\/aeru\/vsdb\/docs\/5_1.pdf. Accessed 1 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR73","unstructured":"University of Hertfordshire A, ERU (AERU) (2025b) Veterinary substances DataBase (VSDB). https:\/\/sitem.herts.ac.uk\/aeru\/vsdb\/atoz.htm. Accessed 1 Aug 2025"},{"key":"37514_CR74","unstructured":"US EPA (2012) Estimation programs interface suite (EPI SuiteTM) for microsoft windows, version 4.11. United States Environmental Protection Agency. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/tsca-screening-tools\/epi-suitetm-estimation-program-interface"},{"issue":"10","key":"37514_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.09.063","volume":"77","author":"J Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu J, Wu L, Chang AC (2009) Degradation and adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in agricultural soils. Chemosphere 77(10):1299\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.09.063","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"37514_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.02.040","volume":"119","author":"J Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu J, Xu Y, Wang H, Guo C, Qiu H, He Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Meng W (2015) Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a sewage treatment plant and its effluent-receiving river. Chemosphere 119:1379\u20131385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.02.040","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"7","key":"37514_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21707","volume":"32","author":"CW Yap","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yap CW (2011) PaDEL-descriptor: an open source software to calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints. J Comput Chem 32(7):1466\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.21707","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37514-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37514-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37514-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:04:18Z","timestamp":1777359858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37514-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["37514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37514-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is no animal study involved, so ethical approval is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare that no artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used for data generation, data analysis, model development or interpretation of results.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}]}}