{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:49:44Z","timestamp":1790819384374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015799","name":"Universidade Estadual De Maring\u00e1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The intensification of the greenhouse effect has been primarily driven by anthropogenic CO\u2082 emissions, leading to significant climate change. Among the strategies to mitigate CO\u2082 emissions from industrial activities, adsorption using activated carbons (ACs) derived from renewable sources stands out as a promising approach. Activated carbons were prepared via chemical activation of malt bagasse, a brewing industry by-product, using NaOH, Na\u2082C\u2082O\u2084, Na\u2082CO\u2083, and their mixtures as activating agents. The augmented simplex-centroid method was employed to optimize the process and obtain an activated carbon (AC\u2092\u209a) with high BET surface area. The materials were characterized by proximate analysis, N\u2082 physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. CO\u2082 adsorption experiments were performed at different temperatures to assess performance. The optimized carbon (AC\u2092\u209a) exhibited a well-developed porous structure and high surface area, achieving a CO\u2082 adsorption capacity of 2.83\u00a0mmol\u00a0g\u207b\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 273\u00a0K. The results demonstrated that NaOH-activated carbon provides favorable properties for CO\u2082 capture, confirming the feasibility of malt bagasse as a sustainable precursor for efficient adsorbent materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-37557-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:59:51Z","timestamp":1772211591000},"page":"3962-3981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimization of chemically activated carbon derived from malt bagasse for CO\u2082 adsorption: a simplex-centroid approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Giovanna C.","family":"Carlos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas H. S.","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro H. C.","family":"Voloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline A. R.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro H. V.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faissal","family":"Robbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitor C.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0515-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Spessato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"37557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131127","volume":"299","author":"MA Abdelkareem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelkareem MA, Abbas Q, Sayed ET, Shehata N, Parambath JBM, Alami AH, Olabi AG (2024) Recent advances on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their applications in energy conversion devices: comprehensive review. Energy 299:131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131127","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"37557_CR2","volume-title":"Physical chemistry of surfaces","author":"AW Adamson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Adamson AW, Gast AP (1967) Physical chemistry of surfaces, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"37557_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adla K, Dejan K, Neira D, Dragana \u0160 (2022) Degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services. In: Ray RC, Awol SM (eds) One Health: Integrated Approach to 21st Century Challenges to Health. Academic Press, pp 281\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-822794-7.00008-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822794-7.00008-3"},{"key":"37557_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Azam T (2019) Water purification technologies. In: Grumezescu A, Holban AM (eds) Bottled and Packaged Water. Volume 4: The science of beverages. Woodhead Publishing, pp 83\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-815272-0.00004-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815272-0.00004-0"},{"key":"37557_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2021.102294","volume":"43","author":"T Alfatah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alfatah T, Mistar EM, Supardan MD (2021) Porous structure and adsorptive properties of activated carbon derived from Bambusa vulgaris striata by two-stage KOH\/NaOH mixture activation for Hg2+ removal. J Water Process Eng 43:102294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2021.102294","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112245","volume":"287","author":"IW Almanassra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almanassra IW, Kochkodan V, Mckay G, Atieh MA, Al-Ansari T (2021) Review of phosphate removal from water by carbonaceous sorbents. J Environ Manage 287:112245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112245","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"37557_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45864-z","volume":"13","author":"SS Aloud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aloud SS, Alharbi HA, Hameed BH, Giesy JP, Almady SS, Alotaibi KD (2023) Production of activated carbon from date palm stones by hydrothermal carbonization and microwave assisted KOH\/NaOH mixture activation for dye adsorption. Sci Rep 13:19064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-45864-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"37557_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.102612","volume":"28","author":"A Altaf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Altaf A, Baig N, Sohail M, Sher M, Ul-Hamid A, Altaf M (2021) Covalent organic frameworks: advances in synthesis and applications. Mater Today Commun 28:102612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.102612","journal-title":"Mater Today Commun"},{"key":"37557_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.3390\/en16093674","volume":"16","author":"VE Apayd\u0131n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Apayd\u0131n VE, Mutlu \u00dc (2023) TGA-FTIR analysis of biomass samples based on the thermal decomposition behavior of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Energies 16:3674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en16093674","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"37557_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.100716","volume":"9","author":"N Apinyakul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Apinyakul N, Chanpee S, Kaewtrakulchai N, Khemasiri N, Eiad-ua A, Assawasaengrat P (2024) Synthesis of nanoporous carbon from brewer waste by hydrothermal carbonization assisted chemical activation for carbamazepine adsorption. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng 9:100716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.100716","journal-title":"Case Stud Chem Environ Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/01411594.2010.541856","volume":"84","author":"P Ballirano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ballirano P (2011) Thermal behaviour of natrite Na2CO3 in the 303\u20131013 K thermal range. Phase Transitions 84:357\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01411594.2010.541856","journal-title":"Phase Transitions"},{"key":"37557_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd-v11i11.33766","volume":"11","author":"MC Barbosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barbosa MC, Ara\u00fajo FPS, Alves APS, Mendes ALG, Sousa RCS, Faria WLS, Zuniga ADG (2022) Production of activated carbon from malt bagasse with chemical activation using different activating agents. Res Soc Dev 11:e324111133766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33448\/rsd-v11i11.33766","journal-title":"Res Soc Dev"},{"key":"37557_CR13","volume-title":"Thermochemical data of pure substances","author":"I Barin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barin I (1993) Thermochemical data of pure substances, 2nd edn. VCH, Weinheim","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"37557_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01269a023","volume":"60","author":"S Brunauer","year":"1938","unstructured":"Brunauer S (1938) The adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja01269a023","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"37557_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2196057","volume":"88","author":"LG Can\u00e7ado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Can\u00e7ado LG, Takai K, Enoki T, Endo M, Kim YA, Mizusaki H, Jorio A, Coelho LN, Magalh\u00e3es-Paniago R, Pimenta MA (2006) General equation for the determination of the crystallite size La of nanographite by Raman spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett 88:163106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.2196057","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"37557_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1021\/ie202219w","volume":"51","author":"NF Cessford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cessford NF, Seaton NA, D\u00fcren T (2012) Evaluation of ideal adsorbed solution theory as a tool for the design of metal-organic framework materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:4911\u20134921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ie202219w","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"37557_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/ghg.2151","volume":"12","author":"SYW Chai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chai SYW, Ngu LH, How BS (2022) Review of carbon capture absorbents for CO2 utilization. Greenhouse Gases Sci Technol 12:394\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ghg.2151","journal-title":"Greenhouse Gases Sci Technol"},{"key":"37557_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-011-1675-6","volume":"107","author":"N Chaiyo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chaiyo N, Muanghlua R, Niemcharoen S, Boonchom B, Seeharaj P, Vittayakorn N (2012) Non-isothermal kinetics of the thermal decomposition of sodium oxalate Na2C2O4. J Therm Anal Calorim 107:1023\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-011-1675-6","journal-title":"J Therm Anal Calorim"},{"key":"37557_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2022.112142","volume":"242","author":"D Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen D, Cen K, Zhuang X, Gan Z, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zhang H (2022) Insight into biomass pyrolysis mechanism based on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin: evolution of volatiles and kinetics, elucidation of reaction pathways, and characterization of gas, biochar and bio-oil. Combust Flame 242:112142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.combustflame.2022.112142","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"37557_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s42823-023-00522-2","volume":"33","author":"J Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi J, Choi GB, Seo SB, Choi YR, Kang M, Kim YA (2023) Sodium-lignosulfonate derived activated carbon: an investigation into the role of NaOH in the activation mechanism. Carbon Lett 33:1819\u20131826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42823-023-00522-2","journal-title":"Carbon Lett"},{"key":"37557_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2023.108472","volume":"247","author":"M Chraibi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chraibi M, Fadil M, Farah A, Benkhaira N, Lebrazi S, Fikri-Benbrahim K (2023) Simplex-centroid design as innovative approach in the optimization of antimicrobial effect of Thymus satureioides, Myrtus communis and Artemisia herba alba essential oils against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida tropicalis. Exp Parasitol 247:108472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2023.108472","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"37557_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470907443","volume-title":"Experiments with mixtures: designs, models, and the analysis of mixture data","author":"JA Cornell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cornell JA (2011) Experiments with mixtures: designs, models, and the analysis of mixture data, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"37557_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c03501","volume":"12","author":"B Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng B, Huang M, Zhao X, Mou S, Dong F (2022) Interfacial electrolyte effects on electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. ACS Catal 12:331\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acscatal.1c03501","journal-title":"ACS Catal"},{"key":"37557_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020431616093","volume":"8","author":"F Dreisbach","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dreisbach F, L\u00f6sch HW, Harting P (2002) Highest pressure adsorption equilibria data: measurement with magnetic suspension balance and analysis with a new adsorbent\/adsorbate-volume. Adsorption 8:95\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1020431616093","journal-title":"Adsorption"},{"key":"37557_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c03842","volume":"39","author":"N Duraisamy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duraisamy N, Krishna SK, Dhandapani E, Kandiah K (2025) A review on biomass-derived activated carbon for next-generation supercapacitors: cutting-edge advances and future prospects. Energy Fuels 39:2306\u20132347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c03842","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"37557_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149354","volume":"799","author":"M Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan M, Li C, Sun Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Hu X (2021) In situ characterization of functional groups of biochar in pyrolysis of cellulose. Sci Total Environ 799:149354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149354","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37557_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115178","volume":"211","author":"J Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng J, Zhu Q, Le Q, Zhu W, Song B, Zhang Z, Lam J-H (2025) Source and performance of waste-derived porous carbon material as supercapacitor: biomass, sludge and plastic waste as precursors. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 211:115178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115178","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"37557_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14095","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.61.14095","volume":"61","author":"AC Ferrari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferrari AC, Robertson J (2000) Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Phys Rev B 61:14095\u201314107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.61.14095","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"key":"37557_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4210561","volume":"2016","author":"KB Fontana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fontana KB, Lenzi GG, Watanabe ERLR, Lenzi EK, Pietrobelli JAMT, Chaves ES (2016) Biosorption and diffusion modeling of Pb(II) by malt bagasse. Int J Chem Eng 2016:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4210561","journal-title":"Int J Chem Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2011.12.084","volume":"184","author":"KY Foo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Foo KY, Hameed BH (2012) Coconut husk derived activated carbon via microwave induced activation: effects of activation agents, preparation parameters and adsorption performance. Chem Eng J 184:57\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2011.12.084","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"37557_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2017.08.048","volume":"260","author":"A Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao A, Guo N, Yan M, Li M, Wang F, Yang R (2018) Hierarchical porous carbon activated by CaCO\u2083 from pigskin collagen for CO\u2082 and H\u2082 adsorption. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 260:172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micromeso.2017.08.048","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater"},{"key":"37557_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.126557","volume":"267","author":"L Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ge L, Zhao C, Zhou T, Chen S, Li Q, Wang X, Shen D, Wang Y, Xu C (2023) An analysis of the carbonization process of coal-based activated carbon at different heating rates. Energy 267:126557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2022.126557","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"37557_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153612","volume":"822","author":"DA Gkika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gkika DA, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ (2022) Why reuse spent adsorbents? The latest challenges and limitations. Sci Total Environ 822:153612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153612","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37557_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122736","volume":"381","author":"Y Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo Y, Tan C, Sun J, Li W, Zhang J, Zhao C (2020) Porous activated carbons derived from waste sugarcane bagasse for CO\u2082 adsorption. Chem Eng J 381:122736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122736","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"37557_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.107007","volume":"10","author":"H Hamyali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamyali H, Nosratinia F, Rashidi A, Ardjmand M (2022) Anthracite coal-derived activated carbon as an effectiveness adsorbent for superior gas adsorption and CO2\/N2 and CO2\/CH4 selectivity: experimental and DFT study. J Environ Chem Eng 10:107007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2021.107007","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-019-00955-0","volume":"18","author":"Z Heidarinejad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heidarinejad Z, Dehghani MH, Heidari M, Javedan G, Ali I, Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 M (2020) Methods for preparation and activation of activated carbon: a review. Environ Chem Lett 18:393\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10311-019-00955-0","journal-title":"Environ Chem Lett"},{"key":"37557_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2015.08.002","volume":"201","author":"A Ilnicka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ilnicka A, Lukaszewicz JP (2015) Synthesis of N-rich microporous carbon materials from chitosan by alkali activation using Na2CO3. Mater Sci Eng B Solid-State Mater Adv Technol 201:66\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mseb.2015.08.002","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng B Solid-State Mater Adv Technol"},{"key":"37557_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.01.010","volume":"138","author":"MA Islam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Islam MA, Ahmed MJ, Khanday WA, Asif M, Hameed BH (2017) Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from NaOH activation of rattan (Lacosperma secundiflorum) hydrochar for methylene blue removal. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 138:279\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.01.010","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"37557_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12434","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15030-x","volume":"29","author":"IS Ismail","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ismail IS, Rashidi NA, Yusup S (2022) Production and characterization of bamboo-based activated carbon through single-step H\u2083PO\u2084 activation for CO\u2082 capture. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 29:12434\u201312440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-15030-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"37557_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104829","volume":"9","author":"FM Jais","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jais FM, Chee CY, Ismail Z, Ibrahim S (2021) Experimental design via NaOH activation process and statistical analysis for activated sugarcane bagasse hydrochar for removal of dye and antibiotic. J Environ Chem Eng 9:104829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104829","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobab.2021.03.003","volume":"6","author":"J Jjagwe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jjagwe J, Olupot PW, Menya E, Kalibbala HM (2021) Synthesis and application of granular activated carbon from biomass waste materials for water treatment: a review. J Bioresour Bioprod 6:292\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobab.2021.03.003","journal-title":"J Bioresour Bioprod"},{"key":"37557_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson C (2014) Advances in pretreatment and clarification technologies. In: Ahuja S (ed) Comprehensive water quality and purification, vol 2. Elsevier, pp 60\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-382182-9.00029-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382182-9.00029-3"},{"key":"37557_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2013.01.007","volume":"437","author":"J Landers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landers J, Gor GY, Neimark AV (2013) Density functional theory methods for characterization of porous materials. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 437:3\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2013.01.007","journal-title":"Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp"},{"key":"37557_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2023.101089","volume":"135","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Deng L, Kinloch IA, Young RJ (2023) Raman spectroscopy of carbon materials and their composites: graphene, nanotubes and fibres. Prog Mater Sci 135:101089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2023.101089","journal-title":"Prog Mater Sci"},{"key":"37557_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126400","volume":"337","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, Qi Y, Chen J, Yang M, Qiu H (2024) Development of amine-pillar[5]arene modified porous silica for CO2 adsorption, and CO2\/CH4, CO2\/N2 separation. Sep Purif Technol 337:126400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126400","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"37557_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.02.034","volume":"1491","author":"W Liang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liang W, Wang J, Zang X, Dong W, Wang C, Wang Z (2017) Barley husk carbon as the fiber coating for the solid-phase microextraction of twelve pesticides in vegetables prior to gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1491:9\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.02.034","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"37557_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(02)00279-8","volume":"41","author":"M Lillo-R\u00f3denas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lillo-R\u00f3denas M, Cazorla-Amor\u00f3s D, Linares-Solano A (2003) Understanding chemical reactions between carbons and NaOH and KOH. Carbon 41:267\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0008-6223(02)00279-8","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"37557_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-013-3321-y","volume":"115","author":"A Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Montes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li\u00f1\u00e1n-Montes A, Parra-Arciniega SM, Garza-Gonz\u00e1lez MT, Garc\u00eda-Reyes RB, Soto-Regalado E, Cerino-C\u00f3rdova FJ (2014) Characterization and thermal analysis of agave bagasse and malt spent grain. J Therm Anal Calorim 115:751\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-013-3321-y","journal-title":"J Therm Anal Calorim"},{"key":"37557_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104271","volume":"91","author":"YC Low","year":"2025","unstructured":"Low YC, Md Ali UF, Hussin F, Aroua MK, Ibrahim N, Ahmad MA (2025) Exploring activated carbon-based microalgae residue to improve CO\u2082 adsorption performance. Algal Res 91:104271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104271","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"37557_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2022.102318","volume":"67","author":"K Malini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malini K, Selvakumar D, Kumar NS (2023) Activated carbon from biomass: preparation, factors improving basicity and surface properties for enhanced CO2 capture capacity \u2013 a review. J CO2 Util 67:102318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcou.2022.102318","journal-title":"J CO2 Util"},{"key":"37557_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.6051","volume":"52","author":"OA Maslova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maslova OA, Ammar M, Fantini C, Barannikova SA, Pimenta MA (2021) Resonant Raman scattering of anthracene\u2010based carbons in the secondary carbonization stage. J Raman Spectrosc 52:670\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrs.6051","journal-title":"J Raman Spectrosc"},{"key":"37557_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.49178","volume":"137","author":"JF Mendes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mendes JF, Norcino LB, Manrich A, Pinheiro ACM, Oliveira JE, Mattoso LHC (2020) Development, physical\u2010chemical properties, and photodegradation of pectin film reinforced with malt bagasse fibers by continuous casting. J Appl Polym Sci 137:49178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.49178","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"37557_CR53","volume-title":"Design and analysis of experiments","author":"DC Montgomery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montgomery DC (2019) Design and analysis of experiments, 10th edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ","edition":"10th edn"},{"key":"37557_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2020.1759320","volume":"55","author":"B Nadolny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nadolny B, Heineck RG, Bazani HAG, Hemmer JV, Biavatti ML, Radetski CM, Almerindo GI (2020) Use of brewing industry waste to produce carbon-based adsorbents: paracetamol adsorption study. J Environ Sci Heal A Environ Sci Eng 55:947\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10934529.2020.1759320","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Heal A Environ Sci Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2023.106602","volume":"36","author":"N Neitzel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neitzel N, Eder M, Hosseinpourpia R, Walther T, Adamopoulos S (2023) Chemical composition, particle geometry, and micro-mechanical strength of barley husks, oat husks, and wheat bran as alternative raw materials for particleboards. Mater Today Commun 36:106602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2023.106602","journal-title":"Mater Today Commun"},{"key":"37557_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9090262","volume":"9","author":"A Orlando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orlando A, Franceschini F, Muscas C, Pidkova S, Bartoli M, Rovere M, Tagliaferro A (2021) A comprehensive review on Raman spectroscopy applications. Chemosensors 9:262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/chemosensors9090262","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"37557_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2022.100045","volume":"3","author":"B Petrovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petrovic B, Gorbounov M, Masoudi Soltani S (2022) Impact of surface functional groups and their introduction methods on the mechanisms of CO2 adsorption on porous carbonaceous adsorbents. Carbon Capture Science & Technology 3:100045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccst.2022.100045","journal-title":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology"},{"key":"37557_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123034","volume":"370","author":"P Premchand","year":"2024","unstructured":"Premchand P, Demichelis F, Galletti C, Chiaramonti D, Bensaid S, Antunes E, Fino D (2024) Enhancing biochar production: a technical analysis of the combined influence of chemical activation (KOH and NaOH) and pyrolysis atmospheres (N2\/CO2) on yields and properties of rice husk-derived biochar. J Environ Manage 370:123034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123034","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"37557_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.113008","volume":"156","author":"L Presenza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Presenza L, Fabr\u00edcio LFF, Galv\u00e3o JA, Vieira TMFS (2022) Simplex-centroid mixture design as a tool to evaluate the effect of added flours for optimizing the formulation of native Brazilian freshwater fish burger. LWT 156:113008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.113008","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"37557_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2022.28421","volume":"258","author":"N Qisse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qisse N, Fattah G, Elouardi M, Mabrouki J, El Azzouzi L, Ennounari A, El Belghiti MA, El Azzouzi M (2022) Competitive adsorption of Zn in wastewater effluents by NaOH-activated raw coffee grounds derivative and coffee grounds. Desalin Water Treat 258:123\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5004\/dwt.2022.28421","journal-title":"Desalin Water Treat"},{"key":"37557_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2023.106748","volume":"171","author":"C Quan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quan C, Wang W, Su J, Gao N, Wu C, Xu G (2023) Characteristics of activated carbon derived from Camellia oleifera cake for nickel ions adsorption. Biomass Bioenergy 171:106748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2023.106748","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"37557_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13479","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.2c02585","volume":"36","author":"V Ramar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramar V, Balraj A (2022) Critical review on carbon-based nanomaterial for carbon capture: technical challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives. Energy Fuels 36:13479\u201313505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.2c02585","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"37557_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2018.05.043","volume":"189","author":"R Rodr\u00edguez-Mosqueda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mosqueda R, Bramer EA, Brem G (2018) CO2 capture from ambient air using hydrated Na2CO3 supported on activated carbon honeycombs with application to CO2 enrichment in greenhouses. Chem Eng Sci 189:114\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ces.2018.05.043","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"37557_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139935","volume":"434","author":"JJ Romero-Hernandez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Romero-Hernandez JJ, Paredes-Laverde M, Silva-Agredo J, Mercado D, \u00c1vila-Torres Y, Torres-Palma RA (2024) Pharmaceutical adsorption on NaOH-treated rice husk-based activated carbons: kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms. J Clean Prod 434:139935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.139935","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"5","key":"37557_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.117643","volume":"13","author":"SD Sarkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarkar SD, Mukherjee D, Kuila D (2025) CO\u2082 capture using activated carbon derived from avocado seeds and sawdust: a comparative study on adsorption performance and surface properties. J Environ Chem Eng 13(5):117643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2025.117643","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200802097","volume":"15","author":"M Sevilla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sevilla M, Fuertes AB (2009) Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides. Chem Eur J 15:4195\u20134203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/chem.200802097","journal-title":"Chem Eur J"},{"key":"37557_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17164157","volume":"17","author":"J Siemak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siemak J, Miko\u0142ajczak G, Pol-Szyszko M, Michalkiewicz B (2024) Activated carbon for CO\u2082 adsorption from avocado seeds activated with NaOH: the significance of the production method. Materials 17:4157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma17164157","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"37557_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh RK, Mishra SK, Velramar B, Kumar PR (2020) Development of biologically-based activated carbon for advanced water and wastewater treatment process. In: Srivastava S, Pandey VC (eds) Bioremediation of Pollutants: from genetic engineering to genome engineering. Elsevier, pp 215\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-819025-8.00009-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819025-8.00009-0"},{"key":"37557_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2021.27859","volume":"243","author":"I Skoczko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skoczko I, Guminski R, Bos E, Zglobicka I (2021) Impact of chemical activation on selected adsorption features of powdered activated carbon. Desalin Water Treat 243:165\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5004\/dwt.2021.27859","journal-title":"Desalin Water Treat"},{"key":"37557_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2021.106029","volume":"388","author":"E Skrzypek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skrzypek E (2021) First- and second-order Raman spectra of carbonaceous material through successive contact and regional metamorphic events (Ryoke belt, SW Japan). Lithos 388:106029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lithos.2021.106029","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"37557_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15075","DOI":"10.1021\/ie3012853","volume":"51","author":"X Song","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song X, Zhang Y, Chang C (2012) Novel method for preparing activated carbons with high specific surface area from rice husk. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:15075\u201315081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ie3012853","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"37557_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125166","volume":"411","author":"L Spessato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spessato L, Duarte VA, Viero P, Zanella H, Fonseca JM, Arroyo PA, Almeida VC (2021) Optimization of Sibipiruna activated carbon preparation by simplex-centroid mixture design for simultaneous adsorption of rhodamine B and metformin. J Hazard Mater 411:125166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125166","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"37557_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s230","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.54.2s.79","volume":"54","author":"G Srikar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srikar G, Rani AP (2020) Tenofovir loaded poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) nanocapsules: formulation optimization by desirability functions approach. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 54:s230\u2013s240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5530\/ijper.54.2s.79","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Educ Res"},{"key":"37557_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2025.122272","volume":"319","author":"J Staudt","year":"2026","unstructured":"Staudt J, Musial CM, Sato TY, Padilha JC, Alves HJ, Borba CE (2026) Separation of the CH\u2084\/CO\u2082 mixture by pressure swing adsorption using coconut shell activated carbon: kinetics in fixed bed column and influence of adsorption time and pressure on methane purity and recovery. Chem Eng Sci 319:122272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ces.2025.122272","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"37557_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101870","volume":"33","author":"DN Sumangala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sumangala DN, Hariram M, Vivekanandhan S (2021) Modification techniques to improve the capacitive performance of biocarbon materials. J Energy Storage 33:101870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.est.2020.101870","journal-title":"J Energy Storage"},{"key":"37557_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtsust.2023.100464","volume":"23","author":"T Taher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taher T, Maulana S, Mawaddah N, Munandar A, Rianjanu A, Lesbani A (2023) Low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization of activated carbon microsphere derived from microcrystalline cellulose as carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) adsorbent. Mater Today Sustain 23:100464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtsust.2023.100464","journal-title":"Mater Today Sustain"},{"key":"37557_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2014-1117","volume":"87","author":"M Thommes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thommes M, Kaneko K, Neimark AV, Olivier JP, Rodriguez-Reinoso F, Rouquerol J, Sing KSW (2015) Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 87:1051\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pac-2014-1117","journal-title":"Pure Appl Chem"},{"key":"37557_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118778","volume":"281","author":"B Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian B, Xu L, Jing M, Liu N, Tian Y (2020) Formation mechanisms and molecular distributions of the major groups in the pyrolytic volatiles of two bituminous coals. Fuel 281:118778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118778","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"37557_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1674108","volume":"53","author":"F Tuinstra","year":"1970","unstructured":"Tuinstra F, Koenig JL (1970) Raman spectrum of graphite. J Chem Phys 53:1126\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1674108","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"37557_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101213","volume":"18","author":"I Veza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Veza I, Spraggon M, Fattah IMR, Idris M (2023) Response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing engine performance and emissions fueled with biofuel: review of RSM for sustainability energy transition. Results Eng 18:101213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101213","journal-title":"Results Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.4c00249","volume":"69","author":"B Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhang W, Lv F, Dai Y, Ren S, Wu W (2024) Advances in CO2 absorption by deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Eng Data 69:4288\u20134309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jced.4c00249","journal-title":"J Chem Eng Data"},{"issue":"2","key":"37557_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-5805(25)60956-5","volume":"40","author":"B Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang B, Xie Q, Sha Y, Liu J, Liang D (2025) Research progress on the preparation of bamboo-based activated carbon for CO\u2082 adsorption. New Carbon Mater 40(2):317\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1872-5805(25)60956-5","journal-title":"New Carbon Mater"},{"key":"37557_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127887","volume":"425","author":"M Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei M, Marrakchi F, Yuan C, Cheng X, Jiang D, Zafar FF, Fu Y, Wang S (2022) Adsorption modeling, thermodynamics, and DFT simulation of tetracycline onto mesoporous and high-surface-area NaOH-activated macroalgae carbon. J Hazard Mater 425:127887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127887","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"37557_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137782","volume":"733","author":"SR Weiskopf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weiskopf SR, Rubenstein MA, Crozier LG, Gaichas S, Griffis R, Halofsky JE, Hyde KJW, Morelli TL, Morisette JT, Mu\u00f1oz RC, Pershing AJ, Peterson DL, Poudel R, Staudinger MD, Sutton-Grier AE, Thompson L, Vose J, Weltzin JF, Whyte KP (2020) Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States. Sci Total Environ 733:137782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137782","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37557_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107969","volume":"75","author":"T Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu T, Chen C, Mao J, Guo H, Chen Y (2025) NaOH-assisted pyrolysis of azo dye-loaded powder activated carbon for optimized regeneration. J Water Process Eng 75:107969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107969","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107148","volume":"183","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Liu Y, Zhan W, Zhang D, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wu Z (2024) Enhancing CO2 capture with K2CO3-activated carbon derived from peanut shell. Biomass Bioenergy 183:107148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2024.107148","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"37557_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2024.106637","volume":"181","author":"EH Yahia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yahia EH, Serafin J, Rom\u00e1n-Mart\u00ednez MC, Saidi M, Gallego AR, Atlas S, Ouzzine M (2024) Valorization of argan paste cake waste: enhanced CO2 adsorption on chemically activated carbon. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 181:106637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaap.2024.106637","journal-title":"J Anal Appl Pyrolysis"},{"key":"37557_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5539\/jmsr.v5n1p24","volume":"5","author":"MA Yahya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yahya MA, Ngah CZW, Hashim MA, Al-Qodah Z (2016) Preparation of activated carbon from desiccated coconut residue by chemical activation with NaOH. J Mater Sci Res 5:24\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/jmsr.v5n1p24","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Res"},{"key":"37557_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.03.001","volume":"101","author":"K Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang K, Peng J, Srinivasakannan C, Zhang L, Xia H, Duan X (2010) Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from coconut shells using microwave heating. Bioresour Technol 101:6163\u20136169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.03.001","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"37557_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4148","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.4c04027","volume":"64","author":"W Ye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye W, Liang W, Luo Q, Liang X, Chen C (2025) Recent progress in CO2 capture by porous solid materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 64:4148\u20134178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.iecr.4c04027","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"37557_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.07.061","volume":"183","author":"H Yi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yi H, Nakabayashi K, Yoon S-H, Miyawaki J (2021) Pressurized physical activation: a simple production method for activated carbon with a highly developed pore structure. Carbon 183:735\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.07.061","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"37557_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66432-z","volume":"14","author":"T Zelenka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zelenka T, Bal\u00e1\u017e M, F\u00e9rov\u00e1 M, Diko P, Bednar\u010d\u00edk J, Kir\u00e1lyov\u00e1 A, Zau\u0161ka \u013d, Bure\u0161 R, Sharda P, Kir\u00e1ly N, Bada\u010d A, Vyhl\u00eddalov\u00e1 J, \u017delinsk\u00e1 M, Alm\u00e1\u0161i M (2024) The influence of HKUST-1 and MOF-76 hand grinding\/mechanical activation on stability, particle size, textural properties and carbon dioxide sorption. Sci Rep 14:15386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-66432-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"37557_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2022.102371","volume":"68","author":"G Zelenkov\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zelenkov\u00e1 G, Zelenka T, Alm\u00e1\u0161i M, Sold\u00e1nov\u00e1 M (2023) Graphene as a promising additive to hierarchically porous carbon monoliths for enhanced H2 and CO2 sorption. J CO2 Util 68:102371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcou.2022.102371","journal-title":"J CO2 Util"},{"key":"37557_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2013.809984","volume":"52","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Song XL, Huang ST, Geng BY, Chang CH, Sung IY (2014) Adsorption of nitrate ions onto activated carbon prepared from rice husk by NaOH activation. Desalin Water Treat 52:4935\u20134941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19443994.2013.809984","journal-title":"Desalin Water Treat"},{"key":"37557_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2021.109166","volume":"207","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang S, Du Z, Wang GGX, Heng S, Liu X, Lin J (2021) CO2 and N2 adsorption\/desorption effects and thermodynamic characteristics in confined coal. J Pet Sci Eng 207:109166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.petrol.2021.109166","journal-title":"J Pet Sci Eng"},{"key":"37557_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.118998","volume":"222","author":"P Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang P, Fan J, Wang Y, Dang Y, Heumann S, Ding Y (2024) Insights into the role of defects on the Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotube and biomass-derived carbon. Carbon 222:118998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.118998","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"37557_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.132773","volume":"366","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhang X, Hu S, Li J, Zhang H, Liu K (2025) CO\u2082 adsorption performance of nitrogen-doped activated carbon from banana pseudo-stem by urea-assisted high-pressure CO\u2082-hydrothermal treatment. Sep Purif Technol 366:132773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.132773","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"37557_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11622","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.3c01866","volume":"37","author":"C Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao C, Ge L, Mai L, Li X, Chen S, Li Q, Li S, Yao L, Wang Y, Xu C (2023) Review on coal-based activated carbon: preparation, modification, application, regeneration, and perspectives. Energy Fuels 37:11622\u201311642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.3c01866","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"37557_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA08325B","volume":"12","author":"F Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou F, Li K, Hang F, Zhang Z, Chen P, Wei L, Xie C (2022) Efficient removal of methylene blue by activated hydrochar prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and NaOH activation of sugarcane bagasse and phosphoric acid. RSC Adv 12:1885\u20131896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1RA08325B","journal-title":"RSC Adv"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37557-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37557-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37557-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:27:38Z","timestamp":1775035658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37557-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["37557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37557-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}