{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T07:42:45Z","timestamp":1776670965453,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002630","name":"Ewha Womans University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-37637-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:45:02Z","timestamp":1774597502000},"page":"5914-5926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of premature rupture of membranes: a cohort analysis of the Korean CHildren\u2019s ENvironmental health Study (Ko-CHENS)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Dong-Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongmin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwan-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghwan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunhee","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Ko-CHENS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choonghee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghwan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jueun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huibyeol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JungHeum","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-Ra","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Do","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon-Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sooyeon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namkyoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Jin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heung Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunhee","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surabhi","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongmin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwan-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Sook","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byungmi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seulbi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyesook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Jo","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jai Dong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Ju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Geun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki-Chung","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho-Jang","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Ho","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Jin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghyuk","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Seoub","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok-Ju","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jisuk","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Seong","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim Seong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Hye","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae-Hyun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keun-Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunghun","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myoung-Nam","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae-Jin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jue-Seong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonsuck","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ah","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seunghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Tae","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kangmo","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baek-Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Woo","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok-Yoon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuck-Hyeun","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonho","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-il","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Sun","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-Ram","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inbo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"37637_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.029","volume":"607","author":"J Cai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cai J, Zhao Y, Liu P, Xia B, Zhu Q, Wang X, Song Q, Kan H, Zhang Y (2017) Exposure to particulate air pollution during early pregnancy is associated with placental DNA methylation. Sci Total Environ 607:1103\u20131108","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37637_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt240","volume":"179","author":"P Dadvand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dadvand P, Basaga\u00f1a X, Figueras F, Martinez D, Beelen R, Cirach M, De Nazelle A, Hoek G, Ostro B, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ (2014) Air pollution and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a spatiotemporal analysis. Am J Epidemiol 179:200\u2013207","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"37637_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110894","volume":"196","author":"R Gat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gat R, Kachko E, Kloog I, Erez O, Yitshak-Sade M, Novack V, Novack L (2021) Differences in environmental factors contributing to preterm labor and PPROM\u2013population based study. Environ Res 196:110894","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"37637_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","volume":"371","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R (2008) Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 371:75\u201384","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"37637_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00680","volume":"9","author":"RB Hamanaka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM (2018) Particulate matter air pollution: effects on the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol 9:680","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"37637_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106146","volume":"145","author":"Y Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han Y, Wang W, Wang X, Dong T, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Chen Y, Kan H, Xia Y (2020) Prenatal exposure to fine particles, premature rupture of membranes and gestational age: a prospective cohort study. Environ Int 145:106146","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"37637_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-574MG","volume":"15","author":"LG Hooper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hooper LG, Kaufman JD (2018) Ambient air pollution and clinical implications for susceptible populations. Ann Am Thorac Soc 15:S64\u2013S68","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"37637_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.12.009","volume":"172","author":"KS Jeong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeong KS, Kim S, Kim WJ, Kim H-C, Bae J, Hong Y-C, Ha M, Ahn K, Lee J-Y, Kim Y (2019) Cohort profile: beyond birth cohort study\u2013the Korean CHildren\u2019s ENvironmental health Study (Ko-CHENS). Environ Res 172:358\u2013366","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"37637_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108030","volume":"177","author":"A Jiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiao A, Sun Y, Avila C, Chiu V, Molitor J, Slezak J, Sacks DA, Chen J-C, Benmarhnia T, Getahun D (2023) Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution mixture and premature rupture of membranes: evidence from a large cohort in Southern California (2008\u20132018). Environ Int 177:108030","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"37637_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.019","volume":"110","author":"FJ Kelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelly FJ, Fussell JC (2017) Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease outcomes following exposure to ambient air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 110:345\u2013367","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"37637_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106306","author":"JO Klompmaker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klompmaker JO, Janssen N, Andersen ZJ, Atkinson R, Bauwelinck M, Chen J, de Hoogh K, Houthuijs D, Katsouyanni K, Marra M, Oftedal B, Rodopoulou S, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Strak M, Swart W, Wesseling J, Vienneau D, Brunekreef B, Hoek G (2021) Comparison of associations between mortality and air pollution exposure estimated with a hybrid, a land-use regression and a dispersion model. Environ Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106306","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"37637_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002663","volume":"131","author":"K Kuba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuba K, Bernstein PS (2018) ACOG practice bulletin no. 188: prelabor rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 131:1163\u20131164","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"37637_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123611","author":"Y Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang Y, Li M, Lyu Q, Li P, Lyu Y, Yu Y, Peng W (2024) The relationship between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and premature rupture of membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Pollut. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123611","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"37637_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa146","volume":"49","author":"Y-H Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim Y-H, Oh J, Han C, Bae H-J, Kim S, Jang Y, Ha E, Hong Y-C (2020) Long-term exposure to moderate fine particulate matter concentrations and cause-specific mortality in an ageing society. Int J Epidemiol 49:1792\u20131801","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"37637_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077727","volume":"14","author":"D Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin D, Hu B, Xiu Y, Ji R, Zeng H, Chen H, Wu Y (2024) Risk factors for premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 14:e077727","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"37637_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.05.013","volume":"44","author":"R Menon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Menon R (2016) Human fetal membranes at term: dead tissue or signalers of parturition? Placenta 44:1\u20135","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"37637_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.012","author":"R Menon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menon R, Richardson LS, Elsevier (2017) Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: a disease of the fetal membranes. Semin Perinatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.012","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"37637_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00808-x","author":"R Menon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Menon R, Behnia F, Polettini J, Richardson LS, Springer (2020) Novel pathways of inflammation in human fetal membranes associated with preterm birth and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes. Semin Immunopathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-020-00808-x","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"37637_CR19","first-page":"178","volume":"101","author":"BM Mercer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mercer BM (2003) Preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol 101:178\u2013193","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"37637_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.11.008","volume":"208","author":"TD Nelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nelin TD, Joseph AM, Gorr MW, Wold LE (2012) Direct and indirect effects of particulate matter on the cardiovascular system. Toxicol Lett 208:293\u2013299","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"37637_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30049-4","volume":"2","author":"KY Neven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neven KY, Saenen ND, Tarantini L, Janssen BG, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Bollati V, Nawrot TS (2018) Placental promoter methylation of DNA repair genes and prenatal exposure to particulate air pollution: an ENVIRONAGE cohort study. Lancet Planet Health 2:e174\u2013e183","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"37637_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000366","volume":"27","author":"G Pereira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereira G, Evans KA, Rich DQ, Bracken MB, Bell ML (2016) Fine particulates, preterm birth, and membrane rupture in Rochester, NY. Epidemiology 27:66\u201373","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"37637_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.062","volume":"227","author":"J Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song J, Lu M, An Z, Liu Y, Zheng L, Li Y, Chao L, Xu D, Yao S, Wu W (2019) Estimating the acute effects of ambient ozone pollution on the premature rupture of membranes in Xinxiang, China. Chemosphere 227:191\u2013197","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"37637_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1904","author":"M Strak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Strak M, Weinmayr G, Rodopoulou S, Chen J, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Atkinson R, Bauwelinck M, Bekkevold T, Bellander T, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Brandt J, Cesaroni G, Concin H, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Janssen NAH, J\u00f6ckel K-H, J\u00f8rgensen JT, Ketzel M, Klompmaker JO, Lager A, Leander K, Liu S, Ljungman P, Magnusson PKE, Mehta AJ, Nagel G, Oftedal B, Pershagen G, Peters A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Renzi M, Rizzuto D, van der Schouw YT, Schramm S, Severi G, Sigsgaard T, S\u00f8rensen M, Stafoggia M, Tj\u00f8nneland A, Verschuren WMM, Vienneau D, Wolf K, Katsouyanni K, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Samoli E (2021) Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n1904","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"37637_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111424454","volume":"20","author":"IIIJF Strauss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strauss IIIJF (2013) Extracellular matrix dynamics and fetal membrane rupture. Reprod Sci 20:140\u2013153","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"37637_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1017644","volume":"10","author":"L Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun L, Wu Q, Wang H, Liu J, Shao Y, Xu R, Gong T, Peng X, Zhang B (2023) Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of congenital heart defects in Suzhou, China. Front Public Health 10:1017644","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"37637_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv284","volume":"183","author":"ME Wallace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wallace ME, Grantz KL, Liu D, Zhu Y, Kim SS, Mendola P (2016) Exposure to ambient air pollution and premature rupture of membranes. Am J Epidemiol 183:1114\u20131121","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"37637_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107561","volume":"170","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Yu G, Menon R, Zhong N, Qiao C, Cai J, Wang W, Zhang H, Liu M, Sun K (2022) Acute and chronic maternal exposure to fine particulate matter and prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes: a nation-wide survey in China. Environ Int 170:107561","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"37637_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165820","volume":"17","author":"C Wojtyla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wojtyla C, Zielinska K, Wojtyla-Buciora P, Panek G (2020) Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and pregnancy outcomes\u2014analysis of term pregnancies in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:5820","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"37637_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.5572\/KOSAE.2020.36.6.742","volume":"36","author":"MJ Yeo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yeo MJ, Kim YP (2020) Long-term trend of sulfur dioxide concentration by district in Korea. J Korean Soc Atmos Environ 36:742\u2013756","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Atmos Environ"},{"key":"37637_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.11.077","volume":"508","author":"T Yorifuji","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yorifuji T, Naruse H, Kashima S, Murakoshi T, Doi H (2015) Residential proximity to major roads and obstetrical complications. Sci Total Environ 508:188\u2013192","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"37637_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137489","volume":"313","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Zhou X, Wang C, Zhou H (2023) Environmental and human health impacts of volatile organic compounds: a perspective review. Chemosphere 313:137489","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"37637_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3458-7","volume":"22","author":"X Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao C, Che Z, Cao J (2015) Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 22:3383\u20133396","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37637-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37637-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37637-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T06:48:30Z","timestamp":1776667710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37637-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["37637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-026-37637-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ko-CHENS study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER; approval no. NIER-2015-BR-005-01, 15 May 2015). The present analysis was additionally approved by the IRB of Inha University Hospital (approval no. 2021-10-020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their legal guardians involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}