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Investigations into the effects of the activation parameters revealed that the best potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation conditions were achieved with a KOH to pomelo peel-based char mass ratio of 3:1, an activation time of 1.5\u00a0h, and an activation temperature of 700\u00a0\u00b0C. The resulting activated carbon, designated as PMAC-3-1.5-7 (where 3, 1.5, and 7 represent the KOH ratio, activation time in hours, and temperature in hundreds Celsius, respectively), exhibited the highest CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake of 254.3\u00a0mg\/g at 25\u00a0\u00b0C and 30\u00a0bar. Additionally, the response surface methodology (RSM) optimisation method applied to the adsorption process parameters indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (203\u00a0mg\/g) occurred at an adsorption temperature of 25\u00a0\u00b0C, a pressure of 30\u00a0bar, and a 50% CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    composition in the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gas mixture within the parametric study. These findings demonstrate the potential of pomelo peel-based activated carbon as a sustainable and effective adsorbent for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    capture, offering valuable insights into the effects of activation and adsorption process parameters on its CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    adsorption performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-37642-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:11:44Z","timestamp":1774415504000},"page":"5671-5690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["KOH-activated carbon from pomelo peels for CO2 adsorption: influence of activation and adsorption process parameters"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nawal Abd","family":"Ghafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Ruwaida","family":"Jamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleen Dayana Mohamed","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Erlinda","family":"Harimisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3087-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che","family":"Jusoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"37642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.06.021","volume":"554","author":"M Azharul Islam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azharul Islam M, Tan YL, Atikul Islam M, Romi\u0107 M, Hameed BH (2018) Chitosan\u2013bleaching earth clay composite as an efficient adsorbent for carbon dioxide adsorption: process optimization. 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