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The contaminated sludge often undergoes fermentation and composting and is later used as a soil amendment. This study aims to investigate the fate of five pharmaceuticals letrozole, tamoxifen, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and naproxen, in environmental solid matrices, including sewage sludge, compost, and sediment. An analytical method based on microwave-assisted extraction, SPE, and UPLC-MS\/MS was developed and validated. The most abundant compounds in sewage sludge were carbamazepine (29\u201392\u00a0ng\/g dw) and diclofenac (46\u2013213\u00a0ng\/g dw). Tamoxifen occurred at lower concentrations (5\u201319\u00a0ng\/g dw), while letrozole and naproxen were generally detected below LOQ levels. Carbamazepine and diclofenac were the only compounds detected in compost samples. In the receiving river sediment, studied compounds were found at low concentrations (&lt;\u200911\u00a0ng\/g dw), except letrozole and tamoxifen, which were not detected. The results suggest that carbamazepine and diclofenac bind to sewage sludge and are not degraded during treatment processes, potentially ending up in compost and soils. This emphasizes the need for further research on their environmental impacts at low concentrations in soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-37898-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:04:06Z","timestamp":1780581846000},"page":"9394-9407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occurrence of anticancer drugs and widely used pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge, compost, and river sediment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0905-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga-Sofia","family":"Alitalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Gutovskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lea","family":"Rantalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Pellinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"37898_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.124102","volume":"319","author":"A Alenzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alenzi A, Hunter C, Spencer J, Roberts J, Craft J, Pahl O, Escudero A (2021) Pharmaceuticals effect and removal, at environmentally relevant concentrations, from sewage sludge during anaerobic digestion. 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