{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:20:18Z","timestamp":1792783218977,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"MOES , Government of India","award":["F\/No.: MoES\/36\/OOIS\/Extra\/76\/2020 (E-6931)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F\/No.: MoES\/36\/OOIS\/Extra\/76\/2020 (E-6931)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036h6g940","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-38175-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:40:03Z","timestamp":1788457203000},"page":"14343-14363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From dumping grounds to farmlands: Toxic metal contamination and food safety risks in India's reclaimed agricultural lands"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arup","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parthasarathi","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3126\/kuset.v6i2.4013","volume":"6","author":"M Abbas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbas M, Parveen Z, Iqbal M, Riazuddin M, Iqbal S, Ahmed M, Bhutto R (2010) Monitoring of toxic metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury) in vegetables of Sindh, Pakistan. Kathmandu Univ J Sci Eng Technol 6(2):60\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/kuset.v6i2.4013","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ J Sci Eng Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"38175_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04057-6","volume":"195","author":"S Agarwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Mukherjee P, Pramanick P, Mitra A (2023) Seasonal variations in bioaccumulation and translocation of toxic heavy metals in the dominant vegetables of East Kolkata Wetlands: a case study with suggestive ecorestorative strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195(4):2332\u20132358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-022-04057-6","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17006","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94616-4","volume":"11","author":"W Ahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmad W, Alharthy RD, Zubair M, Ahmed M, Hameed A, Rafique S (2021) Toxic and heavy metals contamination assessment in soil and water to evaluate human health risk. Scie Rep 11(1):17006","journal-title":"Scie Rep"},{"key":"38175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.100311","volume":"10","author":"R Alam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alam R, Ahmed Z, Howladar MF (2020) Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in water, soil and plant around the open landfill site Mogla Bazar in Sylhet Bangladesh. Groundwater Sustain Dev 10:100311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.100311","journal-title":"Groundwater Sustain Dev"},{"key":"38175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2022.100877","volume":"20","author":"JO Alao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alao JO (2023) Impacts of open dumpsite leachates on soil and groundwater quality. Groundw Sustain Dev 20:100877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gsd.2022.100877","journal-title":"Groundw Sustain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.70737\/7ejde223","volume":"1","author":"JO Alao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alao JO (2024) The Factors Influencing the Landfill Leachate Plume Contaminants in Soils, Surface and Groundwater and Associated Health Risks: A Geophysical and Geochemical View. Public Health Environ 1(1):20\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70737\/7ejde223","journal-title":"Public Health Environ"},{"key":"38175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alao, J. O. (2025). Understanding the Interactions between Uncaptured Landfill Plume Contaminants, Soil, Groundwater Resources, Public Health Systems, and their Implications. Environ Pollut 127190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.127190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.127190"},{"key":"38175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2025.e02603","volume":"27","author":"PJ Alegbe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alegbe PJ, Appiah-Brempong M, Awuah E (2025) Heavy metal contamination in vegetables and associated health risks. Scientific African 27:e02603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sciaf.2025.e02603","journal-title":"Scientific African"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.03.001","volume":"144","author":"PD Alexander","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alexander PD, Alloway BJ, Dourado AM (2006) Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetables. Environ Pollut 144(3):736\u2013745","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR10","first-page":"19","volume":"47","author":"SKA Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali SKA, Ahmad A (2019) Analysis of chemical and heavy metal concentrations of leachates and impact on groundwater quality near Dhapa dumping ground. Kolkata Asian Profile 47(1):19\u201337","journal-title":"Kolkata Asian Profile"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2012.08.002","volume":"38","author":"MH Ali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ali MH, Al-Qahtani KM (2012) Assessment of some heavy metals in vegetables, cereals and fruits in Saudi Arabian markets. Egypt J Aquat Res 38(1):31\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejar.2012.08.002","journal-title":"Egypt J Aquat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"38175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-07956-6","volume":"236","author":"L Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali L, Ali MJ, Ul Hasan MS, Islam MM (2025) Assessing hydro-geochemical parameters and toxic metals of surface water in East Kolkata wetlands for suitability measures. Water Air Soil Pollut 236(6):369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-025-07956-6","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(01)00154-7","volume":"83","author":"MAN Anikwe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anikwe MAN, Nwobodo KCA (2002) Long term effect of municipal waste disposal on soil properties and productivity of sites used for urban agriculture in Abakaliki. Nigeria Bioresource Technol 83(3):241\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0960-8524(01)00154-7","journal-title":"Nigeria Bioresource Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.30897\/ijegeo.1158999","volume":"10","author":"M Banerjee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banerjee M, Paul S (2023) Waste as a medium for agriculture-an example of sustainable waste management: a case study of Titagarh municipal dump site, West Bengal. Int J Environ Geoinformatics 10(1):111\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30897\/ijegeo.1158999","journal-title":"Int J Environ Geoinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9685-3","volume":"136","author":"P Bhattacharyya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya P, Mitra A, Chakrabarti K, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chakraborty A, Kim K (2007) Effect of heavy metals on microbial biomass and activities in century old landfill soil. Environ Monit Assess 136(1):299\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-007-9685-3","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"38175_CR16","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya S, Saha A, Haque CM, Saha S, Mani PK, Hazra GC (2017) Depthwise distribution of heavy metals in soils and their bioaccumulation in crops in Dhapa, Kolkata. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Issues in Integrating Climate\u2014The Emerging Areas of Agriculture, Horticulture, Biodiversity, Forestry; Engineering Technology, Fundamental\/Applied Science and Business Management for Sustainable Development (AGROTECH-2017) (p. 5). Krishi Sanskriti."},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-021-10156-0","volume":"81","author":"P Bhave","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhave P, Sadhwani K, Dhadwad M (2022) Total mercury in soil and leachate from municipal solid waste dumping grounds in Mumbai, India. Environ Earth Sci 81(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-021-10156-0","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"38175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.177","volume":"619\u2013620","author":"C Bi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bi C, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Jia J, Bao X (2018) Heavy metals and lead isotopes in soils, road dust and leafy vegetables and health risks via vegetable consumption in the industrial areas of Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ 619\u2013620:1349\u20131357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.177","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"11","key":"38175_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(09)60321-1","volume":"22","author":"H Cao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cao H, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Qiao L, Men Y (2010) Heavy metals in rice and garden vegetables and their potential health risks to inhabitants in the vicinity of an industrial zone in Jiangsu China. J Environ Sci 22(11):1792\u20131799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1001-0742(09)60321-1","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"38175_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.11.043","volume":"659","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakraborty P (2010) Study of cadmium\u2013humic interactions and determination of stability constants of cadmium\u2013humate complexes from their diffusion coefficients obtained by scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques. Anal Chim Acta 659(1\u20132):137\u2013143","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"38175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.02.168","volume":"589","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakraborty P (2017) Mercury exposure and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in India - an imminent threat? Sci Total Environ 589:232\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.02.168","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"38175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.04.039","volume":"80","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Babu PR, Acharyya T, Bandyopadhyay D (2010) Stress and toxicity of biologically important transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) on phytoplankton in a tropical freshwater system: an investigation with pigment analysis by HPLC. Chemosphere 80(5):548\u2013553","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"38175_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2011.11.026","volume":"294","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Babu PR, Sarma VV (2012) A study of lead and cadmium speciation in some estuarine and coastal sediments. Chem Geol 294:217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2011.11.026","journal-title":"Chem Geol"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-3028-1","volume":"72","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Yao KM, Chennuri K, Vudamala K, Raghunadh Babu PV (2014) Interactions of mercury with different molecular weight fractions of humic substances in aquatic systems. Environ Earth Sci 72(3):931\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-013-3028-1","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"38175_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2014.10.005","volume":"173","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Sarkar A, Vudamala K, Naik R, Nath BN (2015) Organic matter\u2014a key factor in controlling mercury distribution in estuarine sediment. Mar Chem 173:302\u2013309","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"38175_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.12.025","volume":"106","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Ramteke D, Gadi SD, Bardhan P (2016) Linkage between speciation of Cd in mangrove sediment and its bioaccumulation in total soft tissue of oyster from the west coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 106(1\u20132):274\u2013282","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"38175_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.477","volume":"660","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Jayachandran S, Lekshmy J, Padalkar P, Sitlhou L, Chennuri K, Shetye S, Sardar A, Khandeparker R (2019) Seawater intrusion and resuspension of surface sediment control mercury (Hg) distribution and its bioavailability in water column of a monsoonal estuarine system. Sci Total Environ 660:1441\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.477","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38175_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.013","volume":"150","author":"E Chavez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chavez E, He ZL, Stoffella PJ, Mylavarapu RS, Li YC, Baligar VC (2016) Chemical speciation of cadmium: an approach to evaluate plant-available cadmium in Ecuadorian soils under cacao production. Chemosphere 150:57\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"38175_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.01.011","volume":"50","author":"J Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng J, Zhang X, Tang Z, Yang Y, Nie Z, Huang Q (2017) Concentrations and human health implications of heavy metals in market foods from a Chinese coal-mining city. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 50:37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2017.01.011","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"38175_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.12.063","volume":"170","author":"L Chorol","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chorol L, Gupta SK (2023) Evaluation of groundwater heavy metal pollution index through analytical hierarchy process and its health risk assessment via Monte Carlo simulation. Process Saf Environ Prot 170:855\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2022.12.063","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(00)00066-2","volume":"3","author":"CS Cobbett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cobbett CS (2000) Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy-metal detoxification. Curr Opin Plant Biol 3(3):211\u2013216","journal-title":"Curr Opin Plant Biol"},{"key":"38175_CR32","first-page":"5","volume":"364","author":"E Commission","year":"2006","unstructured":"Commission E (2006) Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881\/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs Official. J European Union, L 364:5\u201324","journal-title":"J European Union, L"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"38175_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1504\/WRSTSD.2014.066817","volume":"11","author":"A Das","year":"2014","unstructured":"Das A, Bandopadhyay DK, Jee PK, Karmakar A (2014) Geochemistry of sediments and water with a health risk assessment of heavy metal contaminated vegetables grown in Dhapa, a waste disposal site in Kolkata, India. World Rev Sci Technol Sustain Dev 11(3\u20134):248\u2013268","journal-title":"World Rev Sci Technol Sustain Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"38175_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1080\/15320383.2025.2509738","volume":"34","author":"S Das","year":"2025","unstructured":"Das S, Chakraborty S, Sengupta S (2025) Soil quality assessment and future agricultural land use potential of a municipal dumpsite (Jharkhand, India). Soil Sediment Contam 34(8):2592\u20132618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15320383.2025.2509738","journal-title":"Soil Sediment Contam"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR35","first-page":"177","volume":"2","author":"S De","year":"2016","unstructured":"De S, Maiti SK, Hazra T, Debsarkar A, Dutta A (2016) Leachate characterization and identification of dominant pollutants using leachate pollution index for an uncontrolled landfill site. Glob J Environ Sci Manag 2(2):177","journal-title":"Glob J Environ Sci Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-017-0053-3","volume":"21","author":"S De","year":"2019","unstructured":"De S, Hazra T, Dutta A (2019) Treatment of landfill leachate by integrated sequence of air stripping, coagulation\u2013flocculation and adsorption. Environ Dev Sustain 21(2):657\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-017-0053-3","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"key":"38175_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Due\u00f1as-L\u00f3pez MA (2023) Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory). CABI Compendium (Datasheet 28781). CABI. Retrieved December 6, 2025 from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.28781","DOI":"10.1079\/cabicompendium.28781"},{"issue":"4","key":"38175_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-95162018005003101","volume":"18","author":"MA Eissa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eissa MA, Negim OE (2018) Heavy metals uptake and translocation by lettuce and spinach grown on a metal-contaminated soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 18(4):1097\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0718-95162018005003101","journal-title":"J Soil Sci Plant Nutr"},{"key":"38175_CR39","unstructured":"ESRI: Environmental Systems Research Institute (2014) ArcGIS Release 10.3. Redlands, California, USA"},{"key":"38175_CR40","unstructured":"FAO- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1992) Wastewater Treatment and Use in Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 47. Retrieved 26 August 2026 from https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/t0551e\/t0551e00.htm"},{"key":"38175_CR41","unstructured":"FAOSTAT- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2012) Agriculture Database, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2025 from https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QCL"},{"issue":"18","key":"38175_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14183270","volume":"14","author":"X Geng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geng X, Gong Z, Tian W, Zhuang M, Shang H, Chen Y, Li J, Lv Y, Bai K (2025) Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of radish leaves: a comprehensive overview. Foods 14(18):3270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14183270","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"38175_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2019.1599101","volume":"30","author":"S Giri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giri S, Singh AK, Mahato MK (2020) Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic health risk assessment of metals in groundwater via ingestion pathway in the mining areas of Singhbhum copper belt, India. Int J Environ Health Res 30(4):447\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2019.1599101","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/15320383.2020.1796924","volume":"30","author":"D Golui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golui D, Datta SP, Dwivedi BS, Meena MC, Trivedi VK, Jaggi S, Bandyopadhyay KK (2020) Assessing geoavailability of zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium in polluted soils using short sequential extraction scheme. Soil Sediment Contam 30(1):74\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15320383.2020.1796924","journal-title":"Soil Sediment Contam"},{"issue":"9","key":"38175_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-014-2110-y","volume":"225","author":"ID Green","year":"2014","unstructured":"Green ID, Boughey K, Diaz A (2014) Potentially toxic metals in historic landfill sites: implications for grazing animals. Water Air Soil Pollut 225(9):2110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-014-2110-y","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"38175_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129573","volume":"271","author":"N Gujre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gujre N, Rangan L, Mitra S (2021) Occurrence, geochemical fraction, ecological and health risk assessment of cadmium, copper and nickel in soils contaminated with municipal solid wastes. Chemosphere 271:129573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129573","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"11","key":"38175_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2011.604286","volume":"61","author":"D Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta D, Ghosh R, Mitra AK, Roy S, Sarkar M, Chowdhury S, Bhowmik A, Mukhopadhyay U, Maskey S, Ro CU (2011) Nondestructive characterization of municipal-solid-waste-contaminated surface soil by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and low-Z (atomic number) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 61(11):1102\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10473289.2011.604286","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"38175_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90143-8","volume":"14","author":"L Hakanson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hakanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Res 14(8):975\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90143-8","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"38175_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00577.x","author":"RE Hamon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hamon RE, Lorenz SE, Holm PE, Christensen TH, McGRATH SP (1995) Changes in trace metal species and other components of the rhizosphere during growth of radish. Plant Cell Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00577.x","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"38175_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6700-z","volume":"76","author":"Y-J Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han Y-J, Kim P-R, Lee G-S, Lee J-I, Noh S, Yu S-M, Park K-S, Seok K-S, Kim H, Kim Y-H (2017) Mercury concentrations in environmental media at a hazardous solid waste landfill site and mercury emissions from the site. Environ Earth Sci 76(10):361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-017-6700-z","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"38175_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7579-9","volume":"191","author":"HR Hard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hard HR, Brusseau M, Ramirez-Andreotta M (2019) Assessing the feasibility of using a closed landfill for agricultural graze land. Environ Monit Assess 191(7):458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-019-7579-9","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"14","key":"38175_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16086","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08072-0","volume":"27","author":"A Ho\u0142tra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ho\u0142tra A, Zamorska-Wojdy\u0142a D (2020) The pollution indices of trace elements in soils and plants close to the copper and zinc smelting works in Poland\u2019s Lower Silesia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(14):16086\u201316099","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"6744","key":"38175_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr5214","volume":"388","author":"D Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hou D, Jia X, Wang L, McGrath SP, Zhu Y-G, Hu Q, Zhao F-J, Bank MS, O\u2019Connor D, Nriagu J (2025) Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health. Science 388(6744):316\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adr5214","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"38175_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125629","volume":"415","author":"J Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang J, Wu Y, Sun J, Li X, Geng X, Zhao M, Sun T, Fan Z (2021) Health risk assessment of heavy metal (loid) s in park soils of the largest megacity in China by using Monte Carlo simulation coupled with positive matrix factorization model. J Hazard Mater 415:125629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125629","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"12","key":"38175_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278824","volume":"17","author":"Z Hussain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussain Z, Cheng T, Irshad M, Khattak RA, Yao C, Song D, Mohiuddin M (2022) Bentonite clay with different nitrogen sources can effectively reduce nitrate leaching from sandy soil. PLoS ONE 17(12):e0278824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0278824","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"38175_CR56","unstructured":"IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer (2012) Nickel and nickel compounds. In IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans (Vol. 100C: Arsenic, metals, fibres and dusts). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"38175_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.12.100","volume":"512","author":"S Islam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Islam S, Ahmed K, Masunaga S (2015) Potential ecological risk of hazardous elements in different land-use urban soils of Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 512:94\u2013102","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.03.010","volume":"217","author":"H Itoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Itoh H, Iwasaki M, Sawada N, Takachi R, Kasuga Y, Yokoyama S, Onuma H, Nishimura H, Kusama R, Yokoyama K, Tsugane S (2014) Dietary cadmium intake and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: A case\u2013control study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 217(1):70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.03.010","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg032","volume":"68","author":"L J\u00e4rup","year":"2003","unstructured":"J\u00e4rup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldg032","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"38175_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.03.054","volume":"133","author":"S Jayachandran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jayachandran S, Chakraborty P, Ramteke D, Chennuri K, Chakraborty S (2018) Effect of pH on transport and transformation of Cu-sediment complexes in mangrove systems. Mar Pollut Bull 133:920\u2013929","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"38175_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.05.018","volume":"68","author":"Q Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia Q, Zhu X, Hao Y, Yang Z, Wang Q, Fu H, Yu H (2018) Mercury in soil, vegetable and human hair in a typical mining area in China: implication for human exposure. J Environ Sci 68:73\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2017.05.018","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","volume":"99","author":"K Jomova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jomova K, Alomar SY, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M (2025) Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects. Arch Toxicol 99(1):153\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"38175_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clwas.2025.10029","volume":"11","author":"AO Joseph","year":"2025","unstructured":"Joseph AO, Otorkpa OJ, Ayejoto DA, Saqr AM (2025) Assessing the community knowledge on waste management practices, drinking water source systems, and the possible implications on public health systems. Clean Waste Syst 11:100295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clwas.2025.10029","journal-title":"Clean Waste Syst"},{"key":"38175_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabata-Pendias A (2011) Trace elements in soils and plants\/fourth editions. CRC Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, 505","DOI":"10.1201\/b10158"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-022-05522-y","volume":"233","author":"K Kamboj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamboj K, Sisodiya S, Mathur AK, Zare A, Verma P (2022) Assessment and spatial distribution mapping of criteria pollutants. Water Air Soil Pollut 233(3):82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-022-05522-y","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"47","key":"38175_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72033","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20896-6","volume":"29","author":"P Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan P, Wang H, Gao W, Huang F, Khan NA, Shakoor N (2022) Effects of micro-nano bubble with CO2 treated water on the growth of Amaranth green (Amaranthus viridis). Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(47):72033\u201372044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-20896-6","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR67","first-page":"53","volume":"10","author":"T Klinsawathom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klinsawathom T, Songsakunrungrueng B, Pattanamahakul P (2017) Heavy metal concentration and risk assessment of soil and rice in and around an open dumpsite in Thailand. EnvironmentAsia 10(2):53\u201364","journal-title":"EnvironmentAsia"},{"key":"38175_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179785","volume":"987","author":"S Kotnala","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kotnala S, Tiwari S, Nayak A, Bhushan B, Chandra S, Medeiros CR, Coutinho HDM (2025) Impact of heavy metal toxicity on the human health and environment. Sci Total Environ 987:179785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179785","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"7","key":"38175_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-024-07251-w","volume":"235","author":"D Kour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kour D, Sharma B, Negi R, Kumar S, Kaur S, Kaur T, Khan SS, Kour H, Ramniwas S, Rustegi S, Rai AK, Singh S, Shreaz S, Yadav AN, Ahluwalia AS (2024) Microbial amelioration of heavy metal toxicity in plants for agro-environmental sustainability. Water Air Soil Pollut 235(7):431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-024-07251-w","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28801-y","volume":"13","author":"N Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar N, Chandan NK, Bhushan S, Singh DK, Kumar S (2023) Health risk assessment and metal contamination in fish, water and soil sediments in the East Kolkata Wetlands, India. Ramsar Site Scientific Reports 13(1):1546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-28801-y","journal-title":"Ramsar Site Scientific Reports"},{"key":"38175_CR71","first-page":"24","volume":"14","author":"N Kundu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kundu N, Halder N, Pal M, Saha S, Bunting SW (2005) Planning for aquatic production in East Kolkata Wetlands. Urban Agriculture 14:24\u201326","journal-title":"Urban Agriculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-021-00857-9","volume":"81","author":"H Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang Y, Dong J, Cao L, Yu L, Xin J (2021) Distribution characteristics, pollution assessment, and source identification of heavy metals in soils around a landfill-farmland multisource hybrid district. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 81(1):77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-021-00857-9","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"38175_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2016.07.019","volume":"35","author":"SK Maiti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maiti SK, De S, Hazra T, Debsarkar A, Dutta A (2016) Characterization of leachate and its impact on surface and groundwater quality of a closed dumpsite\u2013a case study at Dhapa, Kolkata, India. Procedia Environ Sci 35:391\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proenv.2016.07.019","journal-title":"Procedia Environ Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"38175_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-021-00407-7","volume":"13","author":"PK Mani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mani PK, Mandal A, Mandal D, Irfan M, Hazra GC, Saha S (2021) Assessment of Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Risks Due to Ingestion of Vegetables Grown Under Sewage Water Irrigated Soils Near a 33 Years Old Landfill Site in Kolkata. India Exposure and Health 13(4):629\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12403-021-00407-7","journal-title":"India Exposure and Health"},{"key":"38175_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2018.12.029","volume":"175","author":"C Mao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mao C, Song Y, Chen L, Ji J, Li J, Yuan X, Yang Z, Ayoko GA, Frost RL, Theiss F (2019) Human health risks of heavy metals in paddy rice based on transfer characteristics of heavy metals from soil to rice. CATENA 175:339\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.catena.2018.12.029","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-010-8787-x","volume":"142","author":"I Martorell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martorell I, Perell\u00f3 G, Mart\u00ed-Cid R, Llobet JM, Castell V, Domingo JL (2011) Human exposure to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead from foods in Catalonia, Spain: temporal trend. Biol Trace Elem Res 142(3):309\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-010-8787-x","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"38175_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152001","volume":"808","author":"PS Minhas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minhas PS, Saha JK, Dotaniya ML, Sarkar A, Saha M (2022) Wastewater irrigation in India: current status, impacts and response options. Sci Total Environ 808:152001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152001","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s43994-025-00241-6","volume":"11","author":"SJ Mohammad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammad SJ, Ling YE, Halim KA, Sani BS, Abdullahi NI (2025) Heavy metal pollution and transformation in soil: a comprehensive review of natural bioremediation strategies. J Umm Al-Qura Univ Appl Sci 11(3):528\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43994-025-00241-6","journal-title":"J Umm Al-Qura Univ Appl Sci"},{"key":"38175_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2019.e00249","volume":"20","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay S, Chakraborty S, Bhadoria PBS, Li B, Weindorf DC (2020) Assessment of heavy metal and soil organic carbon by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and NixPro\u2122 sensor in landfill soils of India. Geoderma Reg 20:e00249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geodrs.2019.e00249","journal-title":"Geoderma Reg"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-010-0297-8","volume":"8","author":"PC Nagajyoti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM (2010) Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environ Chem Lett 8(3):199\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10311-010-0297-8","journal-title":"Environ Chem Lett"},{"key":"38175_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2024.106296","volume":"132","author":"V Ngoc Ba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ngoc Ba V, Thien BN, Phuong HT, Thi Hong Loan T, Anh TT (2024) Bioconcentration and translocation of elements from soil to vegetables and associated health risk. J Food Compos Anal 132:106296","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal"},{"key":"38175_CR82","unstructured":"NIH, ODS-National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements (2022, October 18). Copper: Fact sheet for consumers. Accessed January 22 2026 from https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Copper-Consumer\/"},{"key":"38175_CR83","unstructured":"NSSO-National Sample Survey Office (2014) Household consumption of various goods and services in India 2011\u201312. Report No. 558 (68\/1.0\/2). Ministry of statistics and programme implementation, Government of India. Retrieved December 7, 2025, from https:\/\/microdata.gov.in\/NADA\/index.php\/catalog\/126"},{"key":"38175_CR84","unstructured":"OEHHA-Office of the Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, State of California, USA (2009) Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Technical Support Document for Cancer Potencies. Appendix B. Chemical-specific summaries of the information used to derive unit risk and cancer potency values. Retrieved July 3, 2026, from https:\/\/oehha.ca.gov\/chemicals\/lead-and-lead-compounds"},{"key":"38175_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.05.010","volume":"78","author":"JO Olowoyo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olowoyo JO, Okedeyi OO, Mkolo NM, Lion GN, Mdakane STR (2012) Uptake and translocation of heavy metals by medicinal plants growing around a waste dump site in Pretoria, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 78:116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.05.010","journal-title":"S Afr J Bot"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13265","volume":"9","author":"OA Omeiza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omeiza OA, Lawal HA, Nur M (2023) Investigation of groundwater vulnerability to open dumpsites and its potential risk using electrical resistivity and water analysis. Heliyon 9(2):e13265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13265","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"38175_CR87","first-page":"524","volume":"10","author":"TK Pandit","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pandit TK, Sur P, Sarkar S, Naik SK, Das DK, Patra PK (2006) Distribution of some heavy metals in soils and plants of some urban and periurban areas of West Bengal. J Interacademicia 10(4):524\u2013528","journal-title":"J Interacademicia"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR88","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"V Parth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parth V, Mukherjee S (2016) Human health risk evaluation of dissolved metals in water resources in and around MSW disposal site in Kolkata. Int J Sci Eng Invention 2(1):1\u201310","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Invention"},{"issue":"7","key":"38175_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2014.896834","volume":"64","author":"K Paul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paul K, Dutta A, Krishna AP (2014) A comprehensive study on landfill site selection for Kolkata City, India. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(7):846\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10962247.2014.896834","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc"},{"key":"38175_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117092","volume":"283","author":"P Pelcov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelcov\u00e1 P, Rido\u0161kov\u00e1 A, Hrachovinov\u00e1 J, Grmela J (2021) Evaluation of mercury bioavailability to vegetables in the vicinity of cinnabar mine. Environ Pollut 283:117092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117092","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"38175_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdc.2021.100723","volume":"33","author":"N Quispe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quispe N, Zanabria D, Chavez E, Cuadros F, Carling G, Paredes B (2021) Health risk assessment of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and As) via consumption of vegetables cultured in agricultural sites in Arequipa, Peru. Chem Data Collect 33:100723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cdc.2021.100723","journal-title":"Chem Data Collect"},{"issue":"11","key":"38175_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-08643-1","volume":"192","author":"D Raj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raj D, Maiti SK (2020) Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils and vegetables around coal-fired thermal power plant: a case study of Dhanbad, India. Environ Monit Assess 192(11):699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-020-08643-1","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"38175_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.09.078","volume":"205","author":"B Rajasekhar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rajasekhar B, Nambi IM, Govindarajan SK (2018) Human health risk assessment of ground water contaminated with petroleum PAHs using Monte Carlo simulations: a case study of an Indian metropolitan city. J Environ Manage 205:183\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.09.078","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"38175_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143798","volume":"764","author":"D Ramteke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramteke D, Chakraborty P, Chennuri K, Sarkar A (2021) Geochemical fractionation study in combination with equilibrium based chemical speciation modelling of Cd in finer sediments provide a better description of Cd bioavailability in tropical estuarine systems. Sci Total Environ 764:143798","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1071\/SR03044","volume":"42","author":"S Roy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roy S, Bhattacharyya P, Ghosh AK (2004) Influence of toxic metals on activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in metal-contaminated landfill soils. Aust J Soil Res 42(3):339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/SR03044","journal-title":"Aust J Soil Res"},{"key":"38175_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1008607","volume-title":"Environmental toxicology: understanding, impact, and mitigation strategies for a sustainable future","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sabuncuo\u011flu S, Uluta\u015f OK (eds) (2025) Environmental toxicology: understanding, impact, and mitigation strategies for a sustainable future. IntechOpen. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1008607"},{"issue":"1","key":"38175_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4087","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-014-4087-9","volume":"187","author":"S Saha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saha S, Hazra GC, Saha B, Mandal B (2015) Assessment of heavy metals contamination in different crops grown in long-term sewage irrigated areas of Kolkata, West Bengal India. Environ Monit Assess 187(1):4087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-014-4087-9","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"38175_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s42860-023-00221-z","volume":"70","author":"A Samanta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samanta A, Bera MK, Sreenivasan SP, Sarkar A (2022) Comparison of Pretreatment Methods for Organic-matter Removal and their Effects on the Hydrogen Isotope (\u03b42H) Composition of Kaolinite. Clays Clay Miner 70(6):837\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42860-023-00221-z","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner"},{"key":"38175_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2025.100892","volume":"6","author":"YD Shahamat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shahamat YD, Rokni HR, Bakhshi K, Faraji H (2025) Assessment of heavy metal contamination of water, soil and cultivated vegetables in the Juybar landfill area (North-Eastern Iran). Food Chem Adv 6:100892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focha.2025.100892","journal-title":"Food Chem Adv"},{"key":"38175_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.02.037","volume":"255","author":"S Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma S, Nagpal AK, Kaur I (2018) Heavy metal contamination in soil, food crops and associated health risks for residents of Ropar wetland, Punjab, India and its environs. Food Chem 255:15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.02.037","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"38175_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.208","volume":"230","author":"T Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi T, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Ma J, Wei H, Wu X, Zhao L, Hou H (2019) Status of cadmium accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1975\u20132016): From temporal and spatial variations to risk assessment. Chemosphere 230:136\u2013143","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"38175_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/15320383.2016.1133560","volume":"25","author":"E Sofianska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sofianska E, Michailidis K (2016) Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination and Potential Ecological Risk in Soils Affected by a Former Mn Mining Activity, Drama District, Northern Greece. Soil Sediment Contamination: an Int J 25(3):296\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15320383.2016.1133560","journal-title":"Soil Sediment Contamination: an Int J"},{"key":"38175_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279838","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01484","volume":"8","author":"D Taher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taher D, Solberg S\u00d8, Prohens J, Chou Y-Y, Rakha M, Wu T-H (2017) World vegetable center eggplant collection: origin, diversity, and utilization in breeding. Front Plant Sci 8:279838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2017.01484","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.07.002","volume":"29","author":"M Tesfai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tesfai M, Dresher S (2009) Assessment of benefits and risks of landfill materials for agriculture in Eritrea. Waste Manag 29(2):851\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.07.002","journal-title":"Waste Manag"},{"key":"38175_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02414780","volume":"33","author":"DL Tomlinson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tomlinson DL, Wilson JG, Harris CR, Jeffrey DW (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgol\u00e4nder Meeresuntersuchungen 33:566\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02414780","journal-title":"Helgol\u00e4nder Meeresuntersuchungen"},{"key":"38175_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113733","volume":"241","author":"S Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tong S, Yang L, Gong H, Wang L, Li H, Yu J, Li Y, Deji Y, Nima C, Zhao S, Gesang Z, Kong C, Wang X, Men Z (2022) Bioaccumulation characteristics, transfer model of heavy metals in soil-crop system and health assessment in plateau region. China Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 241:113733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113733","journal-title":"China Ecotoxicol Environ Safety"},{"key":"38175_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ugulu I, Bibi S, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Munir M, Malik IS, Ejaz A, Alrefaei AF (2023) Biomonitoring of heavy metal and metalloid contamination in industrial wastewater irrigated areas using sugar beet (Brassica oleracea\u00a0L.). Sustainability.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15129694. (Switzerland)","DOI":"10.3390\/su15129694"},{"key":"38175_CR108","unstructured":"USEPA- United States Environmental Protection Agency (1989a) Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC"},{"key":"38175_CR109","unstructured":"USEPA- United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health, & Environmental Assessment. Exposure Assessment Group (1989b) Exposure factors handbook (Vol. 90, No. 106774). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment."},{"key":"38175_CR110","unstructured":"USEPA-United States. Environmental Protection Agency (1997) Exposure factors handbook. environmental protection agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC"},{"key":"38175_CR111","unstructured":"US EPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites. OSWER 9355.4-24. Washington, DC."},{"key":"38175_CR112","unstructured":"US EPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency (2013) Mid Atlantic Risk Assessment. Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table. Washington DC."},{"key":"38175_CR113","unstructured":"USEPA- United States Environmental Protection Agency (2020) USEPA-RSLs (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2014Regional Screening Levels) Generic Tables"},{"key":"38175_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.10.031","volume":"128","author":"M Valencia-Avellan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valencia-Avellan M, Slack R, Stockdale A, Mortimer RJG (2018) Evaluating water quality and ecotoxicology assessment techniques using data from a lead- and zinc-affected upland limestone catchment. Water Res 128:49\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.10.031","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"38175_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2016.01.012","volume":"126","author":"K Vudamala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vudamala K, Chakraborty P (2016) Kinetic speciation of mercury\u2013humate complexes in aqueous solutions by using competing ligand exchange method. Microchem J 126:551\u2013557","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-00876-4","volume":"44","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xu W, Li J, Song Y, Hua M, Li W, Wen Y, Li T, He X (2022) Assessing the fractionation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil\u2013rice system and the associated health risk. Environ Geochem Health 44(2):301\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-021-00876-4","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"38175_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13081607","volume":"13","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Cui S, Zhang F, Chen X (2023) The impacts of elevated CO2 levels on environmental risk of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils: applicable remediation approaches for integrated benefits. Agriculture 13(8):1607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture13081607","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"38175_CR118","unstructured":"WBPCB-West Bengal Pollution Control Board (2014) Dhapa dumpsite environmental and social assessment report. Final report, February, 2014, 1\u2013233. Retrieved March 31, 2026 from https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/383421497427377147\/pdf\/SFG3430-V1-EA-P091031-Box402914B-PUBLIC-Disclosed-6-14-2017.pdf"},{"issue":"7","key":"38175_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00038-2","volume":"59","author":"KH Wedepohl","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wedepohl KH (1995) The composition of the continental crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59(7):1217\u20131232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00038-2","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"key":"38175_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136789","volume":"309","author":"L Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen L, Zhang L, Bai J, Wang Y, Wei Z, Liu H (2022) Optimizing spatial interpolation method and sampling number for predicting cadmium distribution in the largest shallow lake of North China. Chemosphere 309:136789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136789","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"38175_CR121","unstructured":"WHO- World Health Organization (2011) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (4th ed)."},{"key":"38175_CR122","unstructured":"WHO- World Health Organization (2026) Healthy diet. Retrieved July 11, 2026 from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/healthy-diet"},{"key":"38175_CR123","unstructured":"WHO-World Health Organisation (1995) Pb, Environmental Health Criteria, vol. 165, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"issue":"6","key":"38175_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00072a033","volume":"34","author":"D Wiersma","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wiersma D, Van Goor BJ, Van der Veen NG (1986) Cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic concentrations in crops and corresponding soils in the Netherlands. J Agric Food Chem 34(6):1067\u20131074","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"38175_CR125","unstructured":"WPR- World Population Review (2025) Kolkata Population 2025. Retrieved October 27, 2025 from https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/world-cities\/kolkata-population"},{"key":"38175_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.07.015","volume":"60","author":"X Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu X, Ernst F, Conkle JL, Gan J (2013) Comparative uptake and translocation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by common vegetables. Environ Int 60:15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2013.07.015","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"38175_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2019.1584666","volume":"30","author":"H Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu H, Yang F, Li H, Li Q, Zhang F, Ba Y, Cui L, Sun L, Lv T, Wang N, Zhu J (2019) Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soil near a smelter in an industrial city in China. Int J Environ Health Res 30(2):174\u2013186","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"38175_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168828","volume":"912","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Na M, Wang Y, Ge W, Zhou J, Zhou S (2024) Cadmium levels and soil pH drive structure and function differentiation of endophytic bacterial communities in Sedum plumbizincicola: a field study. Sci Total Environ 912:168828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168828","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38175_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.03.086","volume":"240","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Aamir M, Liu K, Yang F, Liu W (2018) Status of mercury accumulation in agricultural soil across China: Spatial distribution, temporal trend, influencing factor and risk assessment. Environ Pollut 240:116\u2013124","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38175-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38175-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38175-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:05:05Z","timestamp":1789542305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38175-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["38175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38175-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on \u201cEthical responsibilities of Authors\u201d as found in the Instructions for Authors.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is not applicable as no human subject was studied.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}