{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:52:24Z","timestamp":1791273144259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-38244-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:46:07Z","timestamp":1790505967000},"page":"16084-16105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating multicriteria analysis and economic valuation to assess nature-based water reuse systems (LIFE Renaturwat)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2214-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicent","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Chover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lled\u00f3","family":"Castellet-Viciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gueda","family":"Bellver-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/earth4010006","volume":"4","author":"CB Agaton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agaton CB, Guila PMC (2023) Ecosystem services valuation of constructed wetland as a nature-based solution to wastewater treatment. Earth 4(1):78\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/earth4010006","journal-title":"Earth"},{"key":"38244_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aznar J, Estruch-Guitart, V, Vall\u00e9s M (2014) Valuation of environmental assets by the multicriteria AMUVAM method and its application to the Pego-Oliva wetland. Environ Eng Manag J 13(3):1535\u20131547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30638\/eemj.2014.178","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2014.178"},{"issue":"9","key":"38244_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.06.016","volume":"158","author":"AO Babatunde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Babatunde AO, Zhao YQ, Burke AM, Morris MA, Hanrahan JP (2010) Characterization of aluminium-based water treatment residual for potential phosphorus removal in engineered wetlands. Environ Pollut 158(9):2830\u20132836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.06.016","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"4","key":"38244_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2013.829024","volume":"35","author":"L Bai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bai L, Wang C, Pei Y, Zhao Y (2014) Phosphorus adsorption by dewatered aluminium-based drinking water treatment residuals. Environ Technol 35(4):447\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593330.2013.829024","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"key":"38244_CR5","unstructured":"Barrial-Lujan AI, Delgado-Laime MD, Huam\u00e1n-Carri\u00f3n, ML, Tapia-Tadeo F, Ponce-Atencio Y, Rodrigo-Cabezas Y (2022) AMUVAM model for the economic valuation of environmental assets of the Pacucha Lagoon ecosystem. Universidad y Sociedad 14(3):762\u2013774"},{"key":"38244_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.114416","volume":"305","author":"\u00c1 Bellver-Domingo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellver-Domingo \u00c1, Hern\u00e1ndez-Sancho F (2022) Circular economy and payment for ecosystem services: a framework proposal based on water reuse. J Environ Manage 305:114416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.114416","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"issue":"12","key":"38244_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13122663","volume":"13","author":"L Brouwir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brouwir L, KleinJan H, Balent C, Quabron G, Salmer\u00f3n I, Venditti S, Gritten F (2025) Fate and removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a rural wastewater treatment plant: a microbial perspective of nature-based versus advanced technologies. Microorganisms 13(12):2663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13122663","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR8","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"V Camacho Vald\u00e9s","year":"2011","unstructured":"Camacho Vald\u00e9s V, Ruiz Luna A (2011) Conceptual framework and classification of ecosystem services. Biociencias 1(1):3\u201315","journal-title":"Biociencias"},{"key":"38244_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123095","volume":"371","author":"L Castellet-Viciano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castellet-Viciano L, Hern\u00e1ndez-Chover V, Hern\u00e1ndez-Sancho F (2024) The economic and environmental impact of fire preventive strategies in the Mediterranean region. J Environ Manage 371:123095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123095","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"issue":"6630","key":"38244_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/387253a0","volume":"387","author":"R Costanza","year":"1997","unstructured":"Costanza R, d\u2019Arge R, de Groot R, Farber S, Grasso M, Hannon B, Limburg K, Naeem S, O\u2019Neill RV, Paruelo J, Raskin RG, Sutton P, van den Belt M (1997) The value of the world\u2019s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387(6630):253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/387253a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"38244_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169310","volume":"912","author":"T Crovella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crovella T, Paiano A, Falciglia PP, Lagioia G, Ingrao C (2024) Wastewater recovery for sustainable agricultural systems in the circular economy: a systematic literature review of life cycle assessments. Sci Total Environ 912:169310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169310","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1890\/080025","volume":"7","author":"GC Daily","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daily GC, Polasky S, Goldstein J, Kareiva PM, Mooney HA, Pejchar L, Ricketts TH, Salzman J, Shallenberger R (2009) Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver. Front Ecol Environ 7(1):21\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/080025","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"38244_CR13","unstructured":"DAQUAS (AEAS) (2025) Update of the \u201cGuide to rates for water supply and sanitation services.\u201d https:\/\/www.daquas.es\/documentos\/manuales-y-guias"},{"issue":"3","key":"38244_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(02)00089-7","volume":"41","author":"RS de Groot","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Groot RS, Wilson MA, Boumans RMJ (2002) A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecol Econ 41(3):393\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0921-8009(02)00089-7","journal-title":"Ecol Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"38244_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecocom.2009.10.006","volume":"7","author":"RS de Groot","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Groot RS, Alkemade R, Braat L, Hein L, Willemen L (2010) Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecol Complex 7(3):260\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecocom.2009.10.006","journal-title":"Ecol Complex"},{"key":"38244_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112153","volume":"285","author":"JM Dias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dias JM, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Almeida MF, Rivera-Utrilla J, S\u00e1nchez-Polo M (2021) Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review. J Environ Manage 285:112153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112153","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"38244_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2495\/DNE-V12-N3-281-302","volume":"12","author":"V Estruch-Guitart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Estruch-Guitart V, Vall\u00e9s-Planells M (2017) The economic value of landscape aesthetics in Albufera Natural Park through the analytic multicriteria valuation method. Int J des Nat Ecodyn 12(3):281\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2495\/DNE-V12-N3-281-302","journal-title":"Int J des Nat Ecodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"38244_CR18","first-page":"93","volume":"18","author":"V Estruch-Guitart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estruch-Guitart V, Valls-Civera A (2018) An economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by the River Turia Natural Park (Valencia). Agricultural and Resource Economics (EARN) 18(2):93\u2013115","journal-title":"Agricultural and Resource Economics (EARN)"},{"key":"38244_CR19","volume-title":"European waters: assessment of status and pressures 2018","author":"European Environment Agency","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2018) European waters: assessment of status and pressures 2018. Publications Office of the European Union"},{"issue":"8","key":"38244_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-14-1417-2010","volume":"14","author":"M Faramarzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faramarzi M, Yang H, Mousavi J, Schulin R, Binder CR, Abbaspour KC (2010) Analysis of intra-country virtual water trade strategy to alleviate water scarcity in Iran. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 14(8):1417\u20131433","journal-title":"Hydrol Earth Syst Sci"},{"key":"38244_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2022.106797","volume":"185","author":"L Garc\u00eda-Herrero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Herrero L, Lavrni\u0107 S, Guerrieri V, Toscano A, Milani M, Cirelli GL, Vittuari M (2022) Cost-benefit of green infrastructures for water management: a sustainability assessment of full-scale constructed wetlands in Northern and Southern Italy. Ecol Eng 185:106797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2022.106797","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"issue":"D18","key":"38244_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4395","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001242","volume":"107","author":"L Gu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gu L, Fuentes JD, Shugart HH, Staebler RM, Black TA (2002) Responses of net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide to changes in cloudiness: results from two North American deciduous forests. J Geophys Res Atmos 107(D18):4395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2001JD001242","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Atmos"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56237\/jhes23018","volume":"2","author":"PMC Guila","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guila PMC, Agaton CB, Rivera RRB, Abucay ER (2024) Household willingness to pay for constructed wetlands as nature-based solutions for wastewater treatment in Bayawan City, Philippines. Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability 2(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56237\/jhes23018","journal-title":"Journal of Human Ecology and Sustainability"},{"key":"38244_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haines-Young R, Potschin MB (2018) common international classification of ecosystem services (cices) v5.1 and guidance on the application of the revised structure. Fabis Consulting Ltd. Available from\u00a0https:\/\/www.cices.eu","DOI":"10.3897\/oneeco.3.e27108"},{"issue":"2","key":"38244_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:2(95)","volume":"20","author":"H Hassan Al-Barqawi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hassan Al-Barqawi H, Zayed T (2006) Infrastructure management: a methodology for maintaining water distribution systems. J Perform Constr Facil 20(2):95\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:2(95)","journal-title":"J Perform Constr Facil"},{"issue":"15","key":"38244_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.3390\/w14152433","volume":"14","author":"X He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He X, Zhao X, Zhang W, Ren B, Zhao Y (2022) Developing a novel alum sludge-based floating treatment wetland for natural water restoration. Water 14(15):2433","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"23","key":"38244_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w14233912","volume":"14","author":"V Hern\u00e1ndez-Chover","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Chover V, Castellet-Viciano L, Hern\u00e1ndez-Sancho F (2022) A tariff model for reclaimed water in industrial sectors: an opportunity from the circular economy. Water 14(23):3912","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"38244_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Chover V, Castellet-Viciano L, Bellver-Domingo \u00c1, Hern\u00e1ndez-Sancho F (2024) Circular economy development in wastewater treatment plants. Advances in water and wastewater treatment. Apple Academic Press, pp 3\u201323","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003515029-2"},{"key":"38244_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2024.107263","volume":"204","author":"C Hern\u00e1ndez-Crespo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Crespo C, Oliver N, Gil-Mart\u00ednez E, A\u00f1\u00f3 M, Fern\u00e1ndez-Alba S, Benedito V, Montoya T, Mart\u00edn M (2024) Integrating circular economy and biodiversity in upgrading full-scale constructed wetlands (LIFE Renaturwat). Ecol Eng 204:107263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2024.107263","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"key":"38244_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.11.050","volume":"334","author":"J Hou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hou J, Liu H, Yang S, Wang J (2018) Adsorption of emerging contaminants from water by alum sludge-based adsorbents. Chem Eng J 334:1683\u20131693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2017.11.050","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"38244_CR31","volume-title":"Infrastructure management: integrating design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and renovation","author":"WR Hudson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hudson WR, Haas R (1997) Infrastructure management: integrating design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and renovation. McGraw-Hill"},{"key":"38244_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174318","volume":"946","author":"AR Hurtado","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hurtado AR, D\u00edaz-Cano E, Berbel J (2024) The paradox of success: water resources closure in Axarquia (southern Spain). Sci Total Environ 946:174318","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"38244_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15108145","volume":"15","author":"D Isteni\u010d","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isteni\u010d D, Bod\u00edk I, Merisaar M, Gajewska M, \u0160ere\u0161 M, Griessler Bulc T (2023) Challenges and perspectives of nature-based wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Sustainability 15(10):8145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15108145","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"5","key":"38244_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2011.274","volume":"63","author":"A Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez A, P\u00e9rez-Foguet A (2011) The relationship between technology and functionality of rural water points: evidence from Tanzania. Water Sci Technol 63(5):949\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2011.274","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"38244_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.2166\/wp.2014.203","volume":"16","author":"A Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez A, Mtango F, Cairncross S (2014) What role for local government in sanitation promotion? Lessons from Tanzania. Water Policy 16(6):1104\u20131120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wp.2014.203","journal-title":"Water Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"38244_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9030403","volume":"9","author":"A Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez A, Jawara D, LeDeunff H, Naylor KA, Scharp C (2017) Sustainability in practice: experiences from rural water and sanitation services in West Africa. Sustainability 9(3):403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su9030403","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"38244_CR37","unstructured":"Jorge Garc\u00eda D, Rubio Michavila C, Estruch Guitart AV (2018) Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by the Albufera Natural Park (Valencia) through the AMUVAM method (Analytic Multicriteria Valuation Method). AGRIS record"},{"key":"38244_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jorge-Garc\u00eda D, Estruch-Guitart V (2020) Economic valuation of ecosystem services by using the analytic hierarchy process and the analytic network process: comparative analysis in the Albufera Natural Park of Val\u00e8ncia (Spain). Int J Des Nat Ecodynamics 15(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18280\/ijdne.150101","DOI":"10.18280\/ijdne.150101"},{"key":"38244_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2022.101739","volume":"70","author":"D Jorge-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jorge-Garc\u00eda D, Estruch-Guitart V (2022) Comparative analysis between AHP and ANP in prioritization of ecosystem services \u2014 a case study in a rice field area raised in the Guadalquivir marshes (Spain). Ecol Inform 70:101739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2022.101739","journal-title":"Ecol Inform"},{"key":"38244_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00f3\u017awiakowski K, Marzec M, Listosz A, Gizi\u0144ska-G\u00f3rna M, Micek A, Pytka-Woszczy\u0142o A, Pochwatka P, Rybczy\u0144ska-Tkaczyk K (2021) The influence of household wastewater treatment plants with drainage system on the quality of groundwater in the Lublin Province, Poland. J Ecol Eng 22(3):18\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12911\/22998993\/132545","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/132545"},{"key":"38244_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2019.124780","volume":"367","author":"S Kheybari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kheybari S, Rezaie FM, Farazmand H (2020) Analytic network process: an overview of applications. Appl Math Comput 367:124780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amc.2019.124780","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"38244_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1076-0342(2001)7:4(136)","volume":"7","author":"Y Kleiner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kleiner Y (2001) Scheduling inspection and renewal of large infrastructure assets. J Infrastruct Syst 7(4):136\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)1076-0342(2001)7:4(136)","journal-title":"J Infrastruct Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"38244_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/07900627.2020.1756752","volume":"37","author":"J Lund Schlamovitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lund Schlamovitz J, Becker P (2021) Differentiated vulnerabilities and capacities for adaptation to water shortage in Gaborone, Botswana. Int J Water Resour Dev 37(2):278\u2013299","journal-title":"Int J Water Resour Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2012.06.004","volume":"1","author":"J Maes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maes J, Egoh B, Willemen L, Liquete C, Vihervaara P, Sch\u00e4gner JP, Grizzetti B, Drakou EG, La Notte A, Zulian G, Bouraoui F, Paracchini ML, Braat L, Bidoglio G (2012) Mapping ecosystem services for policy support and decision making in the European Union. Ecosyst Serv 1(1):31\u201339","journal-title":"Ecosyst Serv"},{"issue":"22","key":"38244_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su142214867","volume":"14","author":"AM Masoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masoud AM, Belotti M, Alfarra A, Sorlini S (2022) Multi-criteria analysis for evaluating constructed wetland as a sustainable sanitation technology, Jordan case study. Sustainability 14(22):14867","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"38244_CR46","volume-title":"Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends","author":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment","year":"2005","unstructured":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends. Island Press"},{"issue":"5","key":"38244_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abf289","volume":"16","author":"V Mishra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mishra V, Thirumalai K, Jain S, Aadhar S (2021) Unprecedented drought in South India and recent water scarcity. Environ Res Lett 16(5):054007","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"38244_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.103846","volume":"8","author":"N Muisa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muisa N, Nhapi I, Ruziwa DT, Manyuchi MM (2020) Utilization of alum sludge as adsorbent for phosphorus removal from wastewater: a review. J Environ Chem Eng 8(3):103846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2020.103846","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"38244_CR49","unstructured":"National Statistics Institute (2024a) Official population figures for Spanish municipalities as of January 1, 2024 [INEbase, Demography and population]. https:\/\/www.ine.es"},{"key":"38244_CR50","unstructured":"National Statistics Institute (2024b) Statistics on water supply and sanitation [INEbase: Environment \u2013 Water]. https:\/\/www.ine.es"},{"key":"38244_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2022.102651","volume":"28","author":"MD Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen MD, Thomas M, Surapaneni A, Moon EM, Milne NA (2022) Beneficial reuse of water treatment sludge in the context of circular economy. Environ Technol Innov 28:102651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eti.2022.102651","journal-title":"Environ Technol Innov"},{"key":"38244_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2016.02.008","volume":"79","author":"F Pianosi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pianosi F, Beven K, Freer J, Hall JW, Rougier J, Stephenson DB, Wagener T (2016) Sensitivity analysis of environmental models: a systematic review with practical workflow. Environ Model Softw 79:214\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2016.02.008","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"38244_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2760\/303664","author":"A Pistocchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pistocchi A, Dorati C, Grizzetti B, Udias MA, Vigiak O, Zanni M (2019) Water quality in Europe: Effects of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. Publications Office of the European Union. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2760\/303664","journal-title":"Publications Office of the European Union"},{"issue":"6","key":"38244_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2013.11.006","volume":"5","author":"NL Poff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poff NL, Matthews JH (2013) Environmental flows in the Anthropocene: past progress and future prospects. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 5(6):667\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosust.2013.11.006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability"},{"issue":"10","key":"38244_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.05.021","volume":"91","author":"JR Qasem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qasem JR, Hassan MA, Al-Tabbaa A (2010) Life cycle assessment of water and wastewater pumping systems. J Environ Manage 91(10):2016\u20132028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.05.021","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"38244_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144366","volume":"377","author":"A Rebelo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rebelo A, Farabegoli G (2025) Water circularity index: a novel approach for authorities and operators. Chemosphere 377:144366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144366","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11518-006-0151-5","volume":"13","author":"TL Saaty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saaty TL (2004) Decision making\u2014the analytic hierarchy and network processes (AHP\/ANP). J Syst Sci Syst Eng 13(1):1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11518-006-0151-5","journal-title":"J Syst Sci Syst Eng"},{"key":"38244_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-021-01599-3","volume":"24","author":"MK Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma MK, Tyagi VK, Singh NK, Singh SP, Kazmi AA (2022) Sustainable technologies for on-site domestic wastewater treatment: a review with technical approach. Environ Dev Sustain 24:3039\u20133090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-021-01599-3","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"key":"38244_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.035","volume":"673","author":"C Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen C, Zhao YQ, Liu RB, Morgan D, Wei T (2019) Enhancing wastewater remediation by drinking water treatment residual-augmented floating treatment wetlands. Sci Total Environ 673:230\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.035","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-007-9176-6","volume":"39","author":"RK Turner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turner RK, Daily GC (2008) The ecosystem services framework and natural capital conservation. Environ Resour Econ 39(1):25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10640-007-9176-6","journal-title":"Environ Resour Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05280.x","volume":"1185","author":"RK Turner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turner RK, Morse-Jones S, Fisher B (2010) Ecosystem valuation: a sequential decision support system and quality assessment issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1185(1):79\u2013101","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"38244_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112049","volume":"285","author":"RA Valente","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valente RA, de Mello K, Metedieri JF, Americo C (2021) A multicriteria evaluation approach to set forest restoration priorities based on water ecosystem services. J Environ Manage 285:112049","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"issue":"9","key":"38244_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093228","volume":"17","author":"F Vidal-Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vidal-Gim\u00e9nez F, P\u00e9rez-Campdesu\u00f1er R, Aznar J (2020) Recreational value of wetlands and its influence on sustainable tourism development: a multicriteria approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(9):3228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093228","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"38244_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abd6aa","volume":"16","author":"D Vollmer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vollmer D, Harrison IJ (2021) H2O\u2260 CO2: framing and responding to the global water crisis. Environ Res Lett 16(1):011005","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"38244_CR65","volume-title":"State of the environment in Poland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiech AK, Marciniewicz-Mykieta M, Toczko B (eds) (2018) State of the environment in Poland. Biblioteka Monitoringu \u015arodowiska"},{"issue":"9","key":"38244_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5853","DOI":"10.3390\/su6095853","volume":"6","author":"PJ Withers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Withers PJ, Neal C, Jarvie HP, Doody DG (2014) Agriculture and eutrophication: where do we go from here? Sustainability 6(9):5853\u20135875","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"38244_CR67","volume-title":"Guidelines on sanitation and health","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) Guidelines on sanitation and health. World Health Organization"},{"key":"38244_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zabala JA, Mart\u00ednez-Paz JM, Alcon F (2019) Perception welfare assessment of water reuse in competitive categories. Water Supply 19(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/ws.2019.166","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2019.166"},{"issue":"35","key":"38244_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28143-2","volume":"30","author":"M Zandebasiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zandebasiri M, Jahanbazi Goujani H, Iranmanesh Y, Azadi H, Viira AH, Habibi M (2023) Ecosystem services valuation: a review of concepts, systems, new issues, and considerations about pollution in ecosystem services. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30(35):83051\u201383070","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"38244_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-022-01799-w","volume":"12","author":"A Zapasa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zapasa A, Musz-Pomorska A, Go\u0142\u0119biowska J, Widomski MK (2022) Financial, environmental and social sustainability of rural sanitary wastewater system: case study. Appl Water Sci 12:277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13201-022-01799-w","journal-title":"Appl Water Sci"},{"key":"38244_CR71","unstructured":"Zhangallimbay D, Castillo JG (2021) The social discount rate in the evaluation of investment projects: an application for Ecuador. CEPAL J"},{"key":"38244_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157569","volume":"847","author":"M Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou M, Cao J, Lu Y, Zhu L, Li C, Wang Y, Hao L, Luo J, Ren H (2022) The performance and mechanism of iron-modified aluminum sludge substrate tidal flow constructed wetlands for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. Sci Total Environ 847:157569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157569","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38244-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38244-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38244-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:09:42Z","timestamp":1791270582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38244-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["38244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38244-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study involved a panel of experts who voluntarily participated in pairwise comparison surveys within the Analytic Network Process (ANP). All participants were informed about the purpose of the research and agreed to take part in the study. No personal or sensitive data were collected and all responses were treated anonymously. According to institutional guidelines, formal ethical approval was not required for this type of expert consultation study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}